Evolution of The Philippine Constitution

EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

BIAK NA BATO
The First Philippine Constitution.

It outlined the revolutionary objectives of independence from Spain.

BIAK NA BATO
The separation of the Philippines from the Spanish monarchy and their formation into an
independent state with its own government called the Philippine Republic has been the
end sought by the Revolution in the existing war, begun on the 24th of August, 1896;
and , therefore, in its name and by the power delegated by the Filipino people,
interpreting faithfully their desires and ambitions, we the representatives of the
Revolution, in a meeting at Biac-na-bato, November 1, 1897, unanimously adopted the
following articles for the constitution of the State.
BIAK NA BATO
1897
Aguinaldo and his men formed a new government as a
replacement to the republic that was created at Tejeros.
Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho drafted the
Biak-na-Bato Constitution similar to the constitution of
Jimaguayu, Cuba. It outlined certain basic human rights.
The form of government is the same as that of the

Katipunan with the council members:
President- Emilio Aguinaldo
Vice President- Mariano Trias
Secretary of Interior- Isabelo Artacho
Secretary of War- Emiliano Riego de Dios
Secretary of the Treasury- Baldomero Aguinaldo
THE PACT OF BIAK NA BATO
1897
PACT OF BIAK NA BATO
 On 1897, Pedro Paterno, a mestizo-Filipino who was one of the activist

volunteered to the governor-general, Primo de Rivera as a negotiator between
Filipinos and Spaniards.
 The first treaty was signed on November 18, 1897. But Pedro Paterno signed the
pact in Manila in behalf of Emilio Aguinaldo.
 The second pact was signed on December 14, 1897.
 The third pact on December 15, 1897.
In exchange, Aguinaldo will receive P800,000 (Mexican Pesos) as remuneration to the

revolutionaries and an amnesty. After receiving a partial payment of P400,000,
Aguinaldo left for Hongkong on December 27, 1897.
On December 23, 1897, Generals Celestino Tejero and Ricardo Monet of the Spanish
army arrived in Biak-na-Bato and became hostages of the rebels. A ceasefire was
declared by both camps and an agreement between Aguinaldo and the Spanish forces
was made -that the Spanish government will grant self-rule to the Philippines in 3 years
if Aguinaldo went to exile and surrender his arms.
1st Provisions:
 The group of Emilio Aguinaldo would leave the Philippines to Hong Kong as
voluntary exile.
 The Spanish government would pay P800 000 to the Filipinos in three
installments, the first payment was 400 000 upon the departure of the group of
Aguinaldo, the second payment was P200 000 when the revolutionist
surrendered their arms and the third was P200 000.
 The Spanish government would pay an additional of P900 000 to the families of
the Filipinos who were not part of the revolution.
FAILURE OF THE TREATY

The peace and independence the Filipinos longed for weren’t achieved.
Long before Pedro Paterno’s act, some Filipino generals, however, did not believe in
the sincerity of the Spaniards. They refused to surrender their arms but their old, rusty
guns as they don’t plan to stop the war. Nevertheless, the Te Deum was still sung on
January 23, 1898.
Te Deum- early Christian hymn of praise.
On the Spaniards perspective, they as well, did not fulfil their part in the pact. The
Filipinos who were against them, were sent to prison.
There came to the point where there were lot of encounters from different places. The
revolutionaries destroyed the railroad in Laguna on February 1898.
Emilio Jacinto continued to reign on the Katipunan, spread their objective, and started it.
The insurgency continued in Cebu, Ilocos Sur, and Tarlac.
A temporary government was created by General Francisco Makabulos named

“Pangkalahatang Lupong Tagapagpaganap ng Kapatagang Luzon” on April 17, 1898 for
the purpose of creating a central executive committee until a general government shall
be re-established.
Aguinaldo heard the news from Hongkong about the in-coming war between Spaniards
and Americans.
Before, there was already a conflict arose between the two countries when the
Spaniards did not treat the Americans right who were in Cuba. It happened that the
American’s hatred grew after the explosion of Maine, a ship of US in the port of Havana,
Cuba on February 15, 1898. The Americans accused the Spaniards of the incident. This
was the reason the Spanish-American war was declared on April 25, 1898.
When the Pact of Biak-na-Bato ended, he intented to use the money he received to
revolt again, against the Spaniards.
When the Spanish-American war was declared, the American leaders: George Dewey,
Oscar Williams, Rounseville Wildman and E. Spencer contacted Emilio Aguinaldo to
bring him back to the Philippines and rehappen the insurgence against the Spaniards in
exchange for the independence of Filipinos.
On May 1, 1898, the American armed forces led by Almirante Dewey attacked the
Spaniards at the Manila harbour (Look ng Maynila) where the Spaniards were defeated.
The Filipino leaders in Hongkong decided to return Aguinaldo for the greater good.
Before Aguinaldo went back, he made an agreement with Wildman, a consul of the
Americans in Hongkong to purchase firearms. But, only P50 000 worth of firearms were
at the hands of Filipinos. The last P67 000 that was given by Aguinaldo to Wildman
wasn’t bought and the money was never returned to Aguinaldo.
MALOLOS CONSTITUTION
FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
A revolution was launched against Spain and the revolutionaries declared Philippine
independence in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898. What became known as the Malolos
Congress was convened on September 15, 1898 and the first Philippine Constitution,
called the Malolos Constitution, was approved on January 20, 1899, ushering what is
called the First Philippine Republic.
Proclamation of the Constitution

Its main task was the framing of the Malolos Constitution, also known as the first
democratic constitution ever promulgated in the whole Asia.
Proclaimed by Emilio Aguinaldo on January 21, 1899.
On January 23, 1899, the First Philippine Republic was inagurated at Barasoain
Church, Malolos, Bulacan.
Proclamation of the Constitution

The Malolos Constitution was the First Constitution in Asia and it was based on the
proposed framework of Felipe Calderon.
The constitution was ratified on January 21, 1899 and had the following important
provisions:
1. The legality of the declaration of independence in Kawit, Cavite.

2. The separation of church and state.
3. The establishment of a Republican Government.
4. The division of the government into three branches, the Executive, Legislative and
Judiciary.
5. The Legislative branch is higher than the Executive and Judiciary.
6. The Unicameral Legislature
7. The Bill of Rights of Citizens
8. The Suffrage
Legality to the First Republic

President: Emilio Aguinaldo
Cabinet Members:
President of the Cabinet and the Secretary of Foreign Affairs: Apolinario Mabini
Secretary of Interior: Teodoro Sandico
Secretary of War: Baldomero Aguinaldo
Secretary of Finance: Mariano Trias
Secretary of Welfare: Gracio Gonzaga
Treaty of Paris
August 12, 1898- The Spanish troops headed by Governor General Basilio Agustin
surrendered to the American troops headed by Commodore George Dewey.
The American Commissioners: The Spanish Commissioners:
Cushman Davis Eugenio Montero Rios

William P. Frye Buenaventura Abarzuza
Whitelaw Reid Jose de Garnica
George Gray Wenceslao Ramirez de Villa-Urrutia
William R. Day Rafael Cerero
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris was signed on December 18, 1898.
Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, and Cuba were ceded to the US Government.
US Government payed $20,000,000 to Spanish Givernment as payment for the

permanent structures that the Spanish built in four countries.
The Spanish will maintain their free trade in the four countries until the tenth (10th) year
of the existence of the treaty and the friars and the religious orders will remain in the
country and their properties will remain with them.
Treaty of Paris
SALIGANG BATAS
NG 1935
SALIGANG BATAS NG 1943
Japanese Military Government
January 21, 1943
Hideki Tojo (Premier of Japan) announced the establishment of the Republic of the
Philippines because of the cooperation of Filipinos to the Japanese Government.
Puppet Government
Central Administrative Organization
The National Government was replaced by the Central Administrative Organization
which was composed of six branches:
The Interior Department: Benigno Aquino Sr.
The Finance Department: Antonio de Las Alas
The Agriculture and Commerce Department: Rafael Alunan
The Educative Department: Claro M. Recto
The Public Welfare and the Public Works and Communication: Quintin Paredes
The Justice System: Jose P. Laurel
Chairman of the Executive Branch

Jorge B. Vargas
Political Culture
Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Harry Truman declared the Potsdam.
Potsdam is a declaration asking for the Japanese Emperor to surrender.
August 6, 1945- Paul Tibbets Jr. bombed Hiroshima with an atomic bomb named "little
boy" carried by the Enola Gay.
August 9, 1945- The Americans bombed Nagasaki. The bomb destroyed the
infrastracture and killed approximately 100,000 lives on the day of the explotion but
incresed after a day.
August 15, 1945- Japanese surrendered
September 2, 1945- Emperor Hirohito signed a peace treaty with the US.
Political Culture
SALIGANG BATAS NG 1973
FREEDOM CONSTITUTION
1987 CONSTITUTION

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EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

It outlined the revolutionary objectives of independence from Spain.

replacement to the republic that was created at Tejeros.

Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho drafted the

Biak-na-Bato Constitution similar to the constitution of

Jimaguayu, Cuba. It outlined certain basic human rights.

The form of government is the same as that of the

 On 1897, Pedro Paterno, a mestizo-Filipino who was one of the activist

In exchange, Aguinaldo will receive P800,000 (Mexican Pesos) as remuneration to the

FAILURE OF THE TREATY

Te Deum- early Christian hymn of praise.

A temporary government was created by General Francisco Makabulos named

Proclamation of the Constitution

Proclaimed by Emilio Aguinaldo on January 21, 1899.

Proclamation of the Constitution

1. The legality of the declaration of independence in Kawit, Cavite.

3. The establishment of a Republican Government.

5. The Legislative branch is higher than the Executive and Judiciary.

6. The Unicameral Legislature

7. The Bill of Rights of Citizens

Legality to the First Republic

Secretary of Interior: Teodoro Sandico

Secretary of War: Baldomero Aguinaldo

Secretary of Finance: Mariano Trias

Secretary of Welfare: Gracio Gonzaga

The American Commissioners: The Spanish Commissioners:

Cushman Davis Eugenio Montero Rios

Whitelaw Reid Jose de Garnica

George Gray Wenceslao Ramirez de Villa-Urrutia

William R. Day Rafael Cerero

US Government payed $20,000,000 to Spanish Givernment as payment for the

The Finance Department: Antonio de Las Alas

The Agriculture and Commerce Department: Rafael Alunan

The Educative Department: Claro M. Recto

The Justice System: Jose P. Laurel

Chairman of the Executive Branch

Potsdam is a declaration asking for the Japanese Emperor to surrender.

August 15, 1945- Japanese surrendered

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