Rise of Filipino Nationalism

THE RISE OF FILIPINO

NATIONALISM

Prepared by:

Dr. RPMALATE
One of the important
developments during the 19th
century is the growth and
development of Nationalism
Nationalism
Sense of loyalty or psychological
attachment that members
of a nation share
Growth of Nationalism
can be attributed to two
major revolution
1 American Revolution (1776)
Resulted to the establishment of the
United States of America
2 French revolution
Ousting of the Bourbon Dynasty and
abolition of the feudal system
Ideology: “liberty, fraternity and equality”

Nationalism influenced
the modern world
tremendously
A Cultural Unity
Common language, history and territory

B Cultural unity to political reality
Territory of each people

coincide with its state
boundaries
C. Every nation has the right for

freedom and development
Positive:
 National unity
 Progress
 independence
Negative:
ideas of national superiority
and national mission
could lead to aggressive crusades
and counter crusade
Historical Background
British Invasion
Exposed the vulnerability of Spain
Rule of Spain could be challenged

by force of arms
Napoleon's Invasion of Spain
warhistoryonline.com
Political Instability
“Downward spiral as a world power”
 1830: American colonies became independent
 Carlist Wars: Struggle for throne Amazon.com
 Frequent changes of government

Silang & Palaris
Demonstrated the capability

of the region to unite and expel the Spaniards
from their territories
THE PALARIS REVOLT - WATAWAT - FLAGS ...

Native revolts against spain
watawat.net
slideshare.net
Slow Economic Development
1. Incompetence of Spanish Official
2. Graft & Greed in the Galleon Trade
3. Restrictive economic policies
4. Constant quarrels between the civil & ecclesiastical
authorities assigned in the colony

Slow Economic Development
Govenor Basco founded the
Economic Society of Friends of the country (1781)
and establish the Royal company (1785).
In 1782 he establish Monopolies for tobacco and wine
philippine economy
slideshare.net
Basi Revolts
the bloodiest uprising ever recorded
Filipinas Heritage Library | Biblio

Filipinas Heritage Library | Biblio
filipinaslibrary.org.ph
filipinaslibrary.org.ph
Factors that gave
Rise to Nationalism
RISE OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM
Rooted from a strong feeling among

populace that they belong to the same
race.
• The transition of the country’s

traditional societal structure to
colonial bureaucracy brought about
the awareness of the local inhabitants
as to their common source of anxiety
and suffering.
• Unknowingly, the Spaniards planted the seeds
of nationalism by perpetuating poverty and
injustices among the lower classes of society.

The following have been regarded in history
as factors that gave rise to Filipino
nationalism:
1 Rise of Middle Class
A group of people below the aristocratic Spanish

officials, families & religious orders
but higher or above the masses.
 able to send their children to University

(Manila & Europe)
 Change of lifestyle
 Asked for reform for the country
The Rise of the Middle Class. sites.google.com
Sentiments Against the Principales
Political and social aristocracy, prominent land

owners.
They were intermediaries of Spanish

government from the inception of their colonial
rule.
The masses had been skeptical about the local

aristocracy due to their proportion of influence
in the society.
Ilocos insurrection of 1815.

Ilocos insurrection of 1815.
White Flag of the Ilocos Revolt of 1815
-Kailian Revolt in Sarrat –led by Simon Tomas, Mariano
Espiritu, Vicente Santiago, Andres Bugarin
-looting the Churches and killing some friars

and officials
The Ilocos Revolt of 1815

was a class struggle.
The adoption of a white flag as

a signal of symbol of revolt is
not common http://www.watawat.net/the-ilokos-revolt-of-1815.html
2 Opening of Suez Canal
Shorter route between Spain & Philippines
It encourage educated Filipinos to go to Europe

https://www.slideshare.net/jeffpsj/secularization-movement
Cultural Changes
Educational reforms of 1863, improved standards

of education in the primary level. Qualified
Filipinos can pursue higher education.
Law, medicine and pharmacy

Cultural Changes
Carlos Maria dela Torre – liberal disposition in

administering the government.
He revoked press censorship
It inspired the Filipino middle class to sustain

their campaign for reforms in the country.
Cultural Changes
Repressive colonial policies of Spain.
Giving birth to new breed of Filipinos – the
Illustrados (enlightened ones)

3 Liberalism in the Philippines
Governor-General Carlos de la Torre introduced
reforms in our country
Suez Canal ...

https://www.sciencesource.com/archive/Opening-of-
portandterminal.com Suez-Canal--1869-SS2889639.html https://www.historycentral.com/WH1400-
1900/MidEast%26Africa/SuezCanalOpens.html
Factors that Gave Rise to Filipino Nationalism
Spread of Liberalism
• Liberal ideas from Europe filtered in
our society through commerce and
https://limerickwriter.wordpress.com/2011/11/05/11/
trade.
• Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire,
Locke, Mirabeua and other political
philosophers were made known
through books and periodicals.
https://fee.org/articles/the-rise-of-european-liberalism/
• Improvement of transportation and
communication
Liberalism
Liberalism
Excesses of the friars and government

officials.
Racial Prejudice
Racial Prejudice
Filipinos are savages and have no culture prior
to the coming of the Spaniards.
(Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas)

4 Campaign for Secularization
Campaign for Secularization
Regular priest were those who belonged to the

religion orders and those were not members of
any orders are called Secular priest
Secularization Controversy
Secular priest – Filipino

priest who do not belong to
any order. https://www.slideshare.net/jeffpsj/secularization-movement
Council of Trent affirmed secular priest in
the parishes.
5. Secularization Controversy
Pope Pius V, issued Exponi Nobis which allowed
regular clergy to serve as parish priest without
diocesan authorization and be exempted from
bishop’s authority.
It brought dissension among members of
the church.
They (regular) resisted diocesan visitation, it
would place them under two superiors, the
bishop and the head of the religious order.

It caused the expulsion of priest who refuse
visitation, like the Jesuits in 1768.
The parishes vacated were given to the native
secular.
Secularization of the parishes on Nov. 9, 1774 –
transfer of parishes to supervised by the regular
to the native seculars. It was suspended in 1776
owing to friar opposition and unpreparedness of
the secular.
The return of the Jesuits in 1859 and the start

of the desecularization movement.
It affected the native secular priest.

The secularization issue transformed into a
Filipinization movement of the parishes.
Archbishop Martinez advocates secularization

http://www.ateneo.edu/ateneopress/produ
ct/revolutionary-clergy-filipino-clergy-and-
nationalist-movement-
1850%E2%80%931903
5 Cavite Mutiny
Cavite Mutiny https://www.slideshare.net/jeffpsj/secularization-movement
January 17, 1872 during the height of the secularization,

the Cavite Mutiny occurred
The mutineers were workers & some marine detachment

Cavite Mutiny of 1872
1868 disposed Queen Isabella II and gave rise to
Provisional Republic of Spain. (Liberals)
Colonial officials with democratic ideals were

sent to the colony.
This included Gov. Gen. Carlos Maria dela Torre
in 1869
In Dec. 1870, the Republican Government was
overruled with the restoration of monarchy

Amadeo assume Spanish crown, it also
changed the political atmosphere in the
Philippines.
Dela Torre was replaced by Rafael de Izquerdo,
he discarded the liberal measures. He abolished
the exemption of tribute and force labor from
the workers of the arsenal and engineers.

As an expression of protest, on Jan 20, 1872,
about 200 Filipino soldiers attacked Cavite.

 Cause: revocation of the privileged of shipyard workers to be

exempted from force labor & paying tributes.
 Leader: La Madrid/ Lamadrid (Arsenal Soldier)
 Manila soldier would fire rockets to signal their joining the
insurrection. Mistook the rocket fired in the fiesta of Sampaloc,
Manila
The incident became an opportunity to
implicate liberal ideas of Gomez, Burgos and
Zamora. They were sentenced to death on
February 17, 1872.

6 Execution of GOM-BUR-ZA
Note from Fr. Zamora:
“Reunion esta noche, Traiga pulbura y bala”
(Meeting tonight bring powder and shot)
Code for betting money in the

panguigue card game
 Government believe it to be a rebellion and arrest
Fr. Gomez, Burgos, Zamora and other for an
alleged participation of the said rebellion
 Sentenced to banished to Guam while GomBurZa

were sentenced to death
Filipinas Heritage Library |
Biblio filipinaslibrary.org.ph
February 17, 1872: Four people were executed
Francisco Zaldua: False witness
Fr. Gomez:
 73 years old
 Parish priest of Bacoor
“Let us go where the leaves of the trees will not move without
the will of God”
Executioner: “Father forgive me, for I am going to kill you”
Fr. Gomez: “Do your duty, my son”
Fr. Zamora:
 37 years old
 Examiner of priests at Manila Cathedral
He was already insane during the execution
Fr. Burgos:
 35 years old
 Doctor of theology
“Why? What have I done? I am innocent!”
“O God, Please receive the soul of this inno..”
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THE RISE OF FILIPINO

Ideology: “liberty, fraternity and equality”

Common language, history and territory

Territory of each people

C. Every nation has the right for

Exposed the vulnerability of Spain

Rule of Spain could be challenged

 1830: American colonies became independent

 Carlist Wars: Struggle for throne Amazon.com

 Frequent changes of government

Demonstrated the capability

THE PALARIS REVOLT - WATAWAT - FLAGS ...

1. Incompetence of Spanish Official

2. Graft & Greed in the Galleon Trade

3. Restrictive economic policies

4. Constant quarrels between the civil & ecclesiastical

authorities assigned in the colony

the bloodiest uprising ever recorded

Filipinas Heritage Library | Biblio

Rooted from a strong feeling among

• The transition of the country’s

• Unknowingly, the Spaniards planted the seeds

of nationalism by perpetuating poverty and

injustices among the lower classes of society.

The following have been regarded in history

as factors that gave rise to Filipino

A group of people below the aristocratic Spanish

 able to send their children to University

Political and social aristocracy, prominent land

They were intermediaries of Spanish

The masses had been skeptical about the local

Ilocos insurrection of 1815.

Ilocos insurrection of 1815.

White Flag of the Ilocos Revolt of 1815

-Kailian Revolt in Sarrat –led by Simon Tomas, Mariano

Espiritu, Vicente Santiago, Andres Bugarin

-looting the Churches and killing some friars

The Ilocos Revolt of 1815

The adoption of a white flag as

Shorter route between Spain & Philippines

It encourage educated Filipinos to go to Europe

Educational reforms of 1863, improved standards

Law, medicine and pharmacy

Carlos Maria dela Torre – liberal disposition in

He revoked press censorship

It inspired the Filipino middle class to sustain

Repressive colonial policies of Spain.

Giving birth to new breed of Filipinos – the

Illustrados (enlightened ones)

Suez Canal ...

• Improvement of transportation and

Excesses of the friars and government

Filipinos are savages and have no culture prior

to the coming of the Spaniards.

(Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas)

Regular priest were those who belonged to the

Secular priest – Filipino

Council of Trent affirmed secular priest in

Pope Pius V, issued Exponi Nobis which allowed

regular clergy to serve as parish priest without