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    History of Architecture 4 Lecture 1 PDF

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    Nino Ylagan
    This document provides an overview of pre-colonial and vernacular architecture in the Philippines. It describes early forms of shelter like caves, lean-tos, and tree houses. Notable are the Balangay boats used by the ancient Butuan kingdom and cave dwellings of the Tabon Cave people on Palawan dating back 30,000 years. Indigenous structures are detailed like the houses of the Tausug, Ivatan, Samal, and Badjao peoples, which utilize local materials and pile foundations. The document also examines ephemeral architectures, rice terraces, and rituals surrounding house construction in different ethnolinguistic groups.

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    History of Architecture 4 Lecture 1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Nino Ylagan
    4K views43 pages
    This document provides an overview of pre-colonial and vernacular architecture in the Philippines. It describes early forms of shelter like caves, lean-tos, and tree houses. Notable are the Balangay boats used by the ancient Butuan kingdom and cave dwellings of the Tabon Cave people on Palawan dating back 30,000 years. Indigenous structures are detailed like the houses of the Tausug, Ivatan, Samal, and Badjao peoples, which utilize local materials and pile foundations. The document also examines ephemeral architectures, rice terraces, and rituals surrounding house construction in different ethnolinguistic groups.

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    History of Architecture 4 Lecture 1.pdf

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    This document provides an overview of pre-colonial and vernacular architecture in the Philippines. It describes early forms of shelter like caves, lean-tos, and tree houses. Notable are the Balangay boats used by the ancient Butuan kingdom and cave dwellings of the Tabon Cave people on Palawan dating back 30,000 years. Indigenous structures are detailed like the houses of the Tausug, Ivatan, Samal, and Badjao peoples, which utilize local materials and pile foundations. The document also examines ephemeral architectures, rice terraces, and rituals surrounding house construction in different ethnolinguistic groups.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4K views43 pages

    History of Architecture 4 Lecture 1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Nino Ylagan
    This document provides an overview of pre-colonial and vernacular architecture in the Philippines. It describes early forms of shelter like caves, lean-tos, and tree houses. Notable are the Balangay boats used by the ancient Butuan kingdom and cave dwellings of the Tabon Cave people on Palawan dating back 30,000 years. Indigenous structures are detailed like the houses of the Tausug, Ivatan, Samal, and Badjao peoples, which utilize local materials and pile foundations. The document also examines ephemeral architectures, rice terraces, and rituals surrounding house construction in different ethnolinguistic groups.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The document discusses the evolution of architecture from early shelters like caves and tents to more permanent structures. It also describes various types of indigenous houses across different ethnic groups in the Philippines.

    Some of the early forms of shelter described are caves, lean-tos, tree houses and balangays.

    Some examples of ephemeral architecture mentioned are lean-tos, dait-daits and hawongs.

    HISTORY OF

    ARCHITECTURE 4
    PRE COLONIAL AND VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
    BEGINNING
    • Architecture began as
    response to:
    • Nature
    • Violent Predator
    • Shelter evolution of pre
    colonized man
    • Cave
    • Tent like shelter (fibro
    constructive technology)
    HOUSE, EARLY FORM
    Balangay, boathouse
    • An impressive boat, approximately 25 meters in length and carbon-dated
    to 320 AD, and that was built entirely of wood and used for seafaring by
    the ancient kingdom of Butuan.
    Lungib/kweba, cave
    • A natural chamber on the side of a hill utilized as one of the earliest
    forms of dwelling.
    Pinanahang, Lean-to
    • A form of dwelling common to the Negritos, an ethnic group regarded as
    wanderes, hunters, and farmers practicing slash and burn agriculture
    even during the hispanic period.
    Tree house
    • A single-room house of light materials that are either integrally build on
    high tress or above the tree stump serving as the main house‟s support
    CAVE DWELLING AS THE EARLY HUMAN
    SHELTER
    Cave
     earliest form of human shelter
     requires minimal site work and
    modification

    Pleistocene People
     Philippine‟s earliest cave dwellers. (ice
    age offspring)

    Tabon Cave
    • Most antiquated cave periodically dwelt
    by prehistoric family 30,000 yrs ago.
    • Found in Lipuun Point, South west of
    Palawan.
    TABON CAVE
    • Covers 138 hectares of rugged cliffs
    and deep slopes
    • Was named “Tabon” after the large
    footed bird that lays eggs in huge
    holes it digs into cave floors, many
    of which found in cave.
    TAU’T BATU
    • People occupying the south of Palawan who continuous lives the primeval practice of living in caves.
    • Datag – a basic sleeping platform
    • Since the cave accommodates multiple family, each family unit is defined by individual datag
    EPHEMERAL PORTABLE ARCHITECTURE
    • Ephemeral - lasting for a very short time

    • Ephemeral architecture - is an ancient part


    of our architectural heritage, stretching back
    to the vernacular works of nomadic cultures.

    • Example of Ephemeral Architecture


    • Lean – to
    • dait-dait
    • Hawong
    EPHEMERALL
    ARCHITECTURE
    Lean-to / Pinanahang – botanic
    sheild of the Agta of Palanan. Built
    with strong but light branches and
    palm fronds.

    Dait-dait – is a simple windscreen


    used by the Mamanua of
    northeastern Mindanao when
    hunting. Built with wild banana,
    coconut fronds or grass usually
    lashed out with rattan.

    Hawong – by Pinatubo Aeta.


    Usually constructed with a ridge
    pole supported by forked stakes
    or limbs. It forms two sloping
    sides with one or both end open.
    ARBOREAL SHELTER
    Arboreal means living in trees.
    Tree houses in the philippines are usually found in areas where violent intertribal conflicts or nocturnal raids are frequent.
    Tinguian of Palan, located at northwest of Abra, has two shelters. The daytime shelter was a small hut while the nocturnal abode is
    called alligang.
    TREE DWELLERS IN THE PHILIPPINES
    • Gaddang and Kalinga of Luzon
    • Manobos and Mandaya of Mindanao
    • Moros of lake Lanao
    • Negritos of Bukidnon and North-central Mindanao
    • Bagobo of Davao
    • Mandaya
    • Bilaan
    • Ilongot
    RICE TERRACES
    • Prehistoric Mega structure
    • Found in the cordillera region at an
    altitude of anywhere from 500-
    1600 m.
    • May have been used for cultivation
    of taro and other crops which
    continue to be an important staple
    for a part of region.
    • Walls ht = 6m (sometimes 16m)
    RICE TERRACES PARTS bawang
    pumpudungan banong

    • Bawang, enclosed pond-field • Adog, rough gravel fill inado topeng lobong
    surface
    • Gonad, foundation stone
    • Pumpudungan, property
    marker • „ahbubul, submerged water guheng
    source
    • Inado, vegetable mulch
    mounds • „anul, drainage conduit
    luyo

    • Banong, dike/pond-field rim • Gangal, course fills/small


    stone
    • topeng, stone retaining wall haguntal
    • „aldoh, second-course
    gonad
    • Lobong, water walling stone
    • Guheng, spillway • Doplah, bedrock/original „ahbubul adog
    valley-floor earth
    • Luyo, worked pond-field soil
    • Haguntal, hard earth fill „aldoh gangal „anul

    doplah
    RICE TERRACES ZONING
    Bable – The settlement of Ifugao
    Community which compromise of bale/fale
    and granary

    Bale/Fale

    Alang (granary)

    Betel Palm
    RICE TERRACES ZONING
    PHILIPPINE VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
    VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
     Broadly applied to denote indigenous, pock,
    tribal, ethnic/traditional architecture found
    among the different ethnolinguistic.
    Ethnolinguistic
    • Refers to the grammar, syntax, diction in
    expressing buildings in a locale, while
    signifying the diverse range of building
    tradition in a region.
    • From Latin “Vernaculus” w/c means native.
    5 PRINICIPLE FEATURES VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
    1. The artisans/ these planning to live in the bldgs. Are non-pro arch‟ts/engrs.
    2. There is consonant adaptation using natural materials to the geographical environment
    3. Actual process of construction involves intuitive thinking, done w/o blue prints and is open to
    later modification
    4. There is balance bet. Social/economic functionality & aesthetic features
    5. Archt. Patterns & style are subject to a protracted evolution of traditional styles specific to an
    ethnic domain.
    TAKE NOTE
    *Vernacular architecture symbolizes cultural, embodies the
    communal & concretizes abstract.
    * exist environmental context
    AUSTRONESIAN HOUSE
    • Consist of pile construction on stilts, raised living floor & a pitch roof w/ extended ridges.

    MATERIALS TECHNIQUES
    • Wood • Palm leaves • Post-beam method
    • Bamboo • Grass thatch • Jointing
    • Plant fibers • Box trame
    SAMAL HOUSE
    • Traditional samal houses are
    elevated rectangular one-room
    structures near the coastal waters
    of Southern Mindanao, Palawan,
    Zamboanga, and Sulu archipelago.
    • The houses are clustered in groups
    by kinship, with 100 to 500 members
    per group, and affiliated with the
    nearest mosque.
    • Coastal house has ample space
    underneath the house for the
    family‟s pelang (boat) and fishing
    paraphernalia.
    BADJAO HOUSE
    • Badjao is the second largest
    communityin the Sulu Archipelago
    • Houses are built separately in
    staggard pattern but connected the
    neighborhood thru Jambatan
    (Footbridge) and own taytayan
    (catwalk) and to the waters by
    Harunan
    RITUALS/ ORDERED SPACE
    Tausug house
    • Recreates the creation according to the genesis myth
    Panay house
    • Erection of post is sequenced to systematically slay the cosmic serpent (Bakukaka-
    force of evil)
    TAUSUG HOUSE
    Bay sinug, House
    • The traditional house of the tausog in
    the Southern Philippines
    • Tausog or “suluk” is the foremost
    ethnic group in Sulu then followed by
    the Badjao (Bajau, Bajao, Badyaw,
    Samal or Sama), the yakan, the
    Kagayan, the Iranun (Ilanun) , and the
    Kalibugan (Subanun or Suba’ anun)
    • The word tausug is said to come from
    the words “Tau” (people) and “sug”
    (tide) hence they are the “people of the
    tide”
    TAUSUG HOUSE
    TAUSUG HOUSE
    IVATAN THATCH HOUSE
    • Low houses of wood, bamboo & thatch.
    • Monsoon Frontier
    Jinjin
    • A type of house with a timber-framed
    structure which uses reeds and cogon
    materials for its walls and roofs.
    Kamadid
    • An ivatan type of house with its
    enclosing‟s lower portion built of wood,
    while the upper portion is built og
    cogon grass.
    Rahaung
    • An ivatan structure used as a working
    area and a place of storage for fishing
    implements
    IVATAN STONE HOUSE
    Sinadumparan, stone house Other types of Ivatan Stone houses:
    • A type of ivatan house usually built parallel to the road Sinadumparan a binedbaran
    and with stone masonry wall and thick thatch roof.
    • Traditionally, the main house with paya (shelves) is a • A variation of the sinadumparan with the thick gable-end cogon
    one-room space used for sleeping and living while the roof exposed or built above the masonry gable wall.
    kitchen is an independent structure. Mayhurahed
    Sinadumparan
    • An ivatan house with thick cogon roof, the lower portion of the
    • is provided with windows only on the southern and enclosing wall is of masonry while the upper portion is
    western side due to the strong winds coming from the constructed using cogon grass securely tied to the wall studs.
    northern and north eastern areas during typhoons.
    Chivuvuhung
    Kabahayan, village
    • The housing section of a Batanes town of community • An ivatan house having its three sides made fromcogon grass
    securely tied to the wall studs while the remaining wall is
    erected out of stone masonry.
    IVATAN STONE HOUSE
    IVATAN STONE HOUSE
    CORDILLERA HOUSE
    • Vary in size & shape
    • Common functions:
    - Provision of shelter from cold
    - Protection from dampness and humidity (w/c can destroy grains)
    - Offers defense/protection from hostile tribesman, wild animals & Vermin
    - Homes are designed in relation to terrain to mountains.

     ISNEG  KALINGA  BONTOC  IFUGAO  KANKANAY


    KALINGA HOUSE
    Foruy
     The traditional house of the kalinga
     Comprised of elevated, rectangular
    one-room house.
     Feature of the house is the
    removable panel and the elevated
    floor along the perimeter of the wall
    KALINGA HOUSE
    Binayon/finaryon, House
    • The traditional house in an octagonal
    layout or plan. In apayao, this house
    is called binuron.
    BONTOC HOUSE
    Afung, house
    • The traditional type of house in Bontoc,
    Mountain Province comprised of
    perimeter wooden walls enclosed in an
    open living space, and central
    granaries.
    Babarey, village
    • The village usually consists of ator
    (men‟s meeting place), afong (houses),
    pabafunan (boy‟s dormitory), chap-ay
    (open space with flat stone in circular
    layout), and ahkamang (rice granary)
    BONTOC HOUSE
    Li-im, eating area
    • The most spacious in the house since it contains
    only an elevated stick rack (patyay) suspended
    on the wall, and the water jar (panannom) in one
    corner
    Tap-an, pounding area
    • The section of the house with stone pavement
    and a pounding hole where the task of pounding
    rice is done.
    Ang-an, sleeping area
    • The area utilized for sleeping with atag (reed
    mat) as bed for the couple and children up to
    eight years old.
    Falig, granary
    Soklut, cooking area
    IFUGAO HOUSE
    Bale/fale, house
    • The traditional ifugao house; an elevated
    square and windowless one-room
    structure dominated by a high, heavy
    pyramid roof.
    Hagabi, bench
    • A bench that provides status symbol for
    the rich ifugao due to the cost of its
    construction and ceremonies involved.
    KANKANAY AND IBALOI HOUSE
    Baey/baybayan, house
    • An elevated, square, one-
    room house of the Kankanay
    and Ibaloi, with four thick
    posts supporting a timber
    upper floor and steep hip
    type roof of cogon grass.
    LOWLAND VERNACULAR
    DWELLINGS
     Bahay kubo
    - From Balai which is vernacular for house
    - Cubo which comes from - Spanish “cube”/ kobo
    APAYAO HOUSE
    Balai, house
    • The traditional type of house
    in Apayao with an elevated
    rectangular one-room
    structure and protected by a
    high-pitch thatch roof that
    resembles a pointed barrel
    vault.
    BAHAY KUBO
    Bahay kubo, cube-shaped house
    • A common type of dwelling in
    lowland and coastal areas during the
    pre-hispanic philippines.
    Sibi, eaves
    • The portion of the thatch roof that
    extends beyond the wall.
    SAGADA HOUSE
    Tinokbob, house
    • One of the earliest
    houses in Sagada,
    windowless with a thick
    and steep roof intended
    to withstand the cold
    weather conditions
    YAKAN HOUSE
    Lumah, house
    • The traditional house of the
    Yakans in the mountainous
    interior of Basilian Island.
    • The interior of the one-
    room house is divided into
    Kokan (sleeping area) or
    tindakan (multi-use living
    space), Pantan or simpey
    (couch), and Kosina
    (kitchen) by a 0.25 meter by
    0.25 meter patung (wooden
    flitch)

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