Japan: Nippon Nihon Nippon-Koku Nihon-Koku

JAPAN

Japan (Japanese: 日本; Nippon [ɲippoɴ] or Nihon [ɲihoɴ]; formally 日本国

Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku , lit. 'State of Japan') is an island country in East
Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asian
continent and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China
Sea and the Philippine Sea in the south.
The kanji that make up Japan's name mean 'sun origin', and it is often
called the "Land of the Rising Sun". Japan is
a stratovolcanicarchipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands. The four largest
are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku, which make up about ninety-
seven percent of Japan's land area and often are r eferred to as home islands. The
country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions, with Hokkaido being the
northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one. Japan is the
2nd most populous island country. The population of 126 million (2019) is
the world's eleventh largest, of which 98.5% are ethnic Japanese. 90.7% of people
live in cities, while 9.3% live in the countryside. About 13.8 million people live
in Tokyo, the capital of Japan. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous
metropolitan area in the world with over 38 million people.
Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as
the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese
history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other regions,
mainly China, followed by periods of isolation, particularly from Western
Europe, has characterized Japan's history.
From the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal
military shōguns who ruled in the name of the Emperor. Japan entered into a long period of
isolation in the early 17th century, which was ended in 1853 when a United States
fleet pressured Japan to open to the West. After nearly two decades of internal conflict and
insurrection, the Imperial Court regained its political power in 1868 through the help of
several clan
from Chōshū and Satsuma – and the Empire of Japan was established. In the
late 19th and early 20th centuries, victories in the First Sino-Japanese War,
the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire
during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of
1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in
1945 following the Japanese surrender. Since adopting its
revised constitution on May 3, 1947, during the occupation led by SCAP,
the sovereign state of Japan has maintained
a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy with an Emperor and an
elected legislature called the National Diet.
Japan is a member of the ASEAN Plus mechanism, UN, the OECD, the G7,
the G8, and the G20, and is considered a great power. Its economy is the world's
third-largest by nominal GDP and the fourth-largest by purchasing power
parity. It is also the world's fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer.
Japan benefits from a highly skilled and educated workforce; it has among
the world's largest proportion of citizens holding a tertiary education
degree. Although it has officially renounced its right to declare war, Japan
maintains a modern military with the world's eighth-largest military
budget, used for self-defense and peacekeeping roles; it ranked as the
world's fourth most-powerful militaryin 2015. Japan is a highly developed
country with a very high standard of living and Human Development Index. Its
population enjoys the highest life expectancy and third lowest infant
mortality rate in the world, but is experiencing issues due to an aging population
and low birthrate. Japan is renowned for its historical and extensive cinema,
influential music industry, anime, video gaming, rich cuisine and its major
contributions to science and modern technology.
ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ART
Ancient Egyptian art refers to paintings, sculptures, architecture, and
other arts produced in ancient Egypt between the 31st century BC and
the 4th century AD. It is very conservative; Egyptian styles changed
remarkably little over time. Much of the surviving art comes from tombs
and monuments, which have given more insight on the Egyptians' belief
of the afterlife. This has caused a greater focus on preserving the
knowledge of the past. Wall art was not produced for people to look at
but it had a purpose in the afterlife and in rituals. Ancient Egyptian art
included paintings, sculptures in wood, stone and ceramics, drawings on
papyrus, faience, jewelry, ivories, and other art media. It displays a vivid
representation of the ancient Egyptians' socioeconomic status and belief
systems. The Ancient Egyptian language had no word for "art". Artworks
served an essentially functional purpose that was bound with religion
and ideology. To render a subject in art was to give it permanence.
Hence, ancient Egyptian art portrayed an idealized, unrealistic view of
the world. There was no tradition of individual artistic expression since
art served a wider and cosmic purpose of maintaining order.

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JAPAN

Japan (Japanese: 日本; Nippon [ɲippoɴ] or Nihon [ɲihoɴ]; formally 日本国

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