NSTP - 1
NSTP - 1
NSTP - 1
4. Everything changes
It is said that the only permanent thing is change. our world is constantly changing and nothing is
permanent anymore. Even each day humans try to change their living to fit in to the world.
Impact assessment
Environmental impact assessment (EA) is the term used for the assessment of the environmental consequences
(positive and negative) of a plan, policy, program, or project prior to the decision to move forward with the
proposed action. In this context, the term 'environmental impact assessment' (EIA) is usually used when
applied to concrete projects and the term 'strategic environmental assessment' applies to policies, plans and
programmes (Fischer, 2016). Environmental assessments may be governed by rules of administrative procedure
regarding public participation and documentation of decision making, and may be subject to judicial review.
Air quality
Air quality laws govern the emission of air pollutants into the atmosphere. A specialized subset of air quality
laws regulate the quality of air inside buildings. Air quality laws are often designed specifically to protect
human health by limiting or eliminating airborne pollutant concentrations. Other initiatives are designed to
address broader ecological problems, such as limitations on chemicals that affect the ozone layer, and
emissions trading programs to address acid rain or climate change. Regulatory efforts include identifying and
categorizing air pollutants, setting limits on acceptable emissions levels, and dictating necessary or appropriate
mitigation technologies.
Water quality
Water quality laws govern the release of pollutants into water resources, including surface water, ground
water, and stored drinking water. Some water quality laws, such as drinking water regulations, may be designed
solely with reference to human health. Many others, including restrictions on the alteration of the chemical,
physical, radiological, and biological characteristics of water resources, may also reflect efforts to protect
aquatic ecosystems more broadly. Regulatory efforts may include identifying and categorizing water pollutants,
dictating acceptable pollutant concentrations in water resources, and limiting pollutant discharges from
effluent sources. Regulatory areas include sewage treatment and disposal, industrial and agricultural waste
water management, and control of surface runoff from construction sites and urban environment
Waste management
Waste management laws govern the transport, treatment, storage, and disposal of all manner of waste,
including municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, and nuclear waste, among many other types. Waste laws are
generally designed to minimize or eliminate the uncontrolled dispersal of waste materials into the environment
in a manner that may cause ecological or biological harm, and include laws designed to reduce the generation of
waste and promote or mandate waste recycling. Regulatory efforts include identifying and categorizing waste
types and mandating transport, treatment, storage, and disposal practices.
Contaminant cleanup
Environmental cleanup laws govern the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as
soil, sediment, surface water, or ground water. Unlike pollution control laws, cleanup laws are designed to
respond after-the-fact to environmental contamination, and consequently must often define not only the
necessary response actions, but also the parties who may be responsible for undertaking (or paying for) such
actions. Regulatory requirements may include rules for emergency response, liability allocation, site
assessment, remedial investigation, feasibility studies, remedial action, post-remedial monitoring, and site
reuse.
Chemical safety
Chemical safety laws govern the use of chemicals in human activities, particularly man-made chemicals in
modern industrial applications. As contrasted with media-oriented environmental laws (e.g., air or water quality
laws), chemical control laws seek to manage the (potential) pollutants themselves. Regulatory efforts include
banning specific chemical constituents in consumer products (e.g., Bisphenol A in plastic bottles), and regulating
pesticides.
Water resources
Water resources laws govern the ownership and use of water resources, including surface water and ground
water. Regulatory areas may include water conservation, use restrictions, and ownership regimes.
Mineral resources
Mineral resource laws cover several basic topics, including the ownership of the mineral resource and who can
work them. Mining is also affected by various regulations regarding the health and safety of miners, as well as
the environmental impact of mining.
Forest resources
Forestry laws govern activities in designated forest lands, most commonly with respect to forest management
and timber harvesting. Ancillary laws may regulate forest land acquisition and prescribed burn practices.
Forest management laws generally adopt management policies, such as multiple use and sustained yield, by
which public forest resources are to be managed. Governmental agencies are generally responsible for planning
and implementing forestry laws on public forest lands, and may be involved in forest inventory, planning, and
conservation, and oversight of timber sales. Broader initiatives may seek to slow or reverse deforestation.
Wildlife and plants
Wildlife laws govern the potential impact of human activity on wild animals, whether directly on individuals or
populations, or indirectly via habitat degradation. Similar laws may operate to protect plant species. Such laws
may be enacted entirely to protect biodiversity, or as a means for protecting species deemed important for
other reasons. Regulatory efforts may including the creation of special conservation statuses, prohibitions on
killing, harming, or disturbing protected species, efforts to induce and support species recovery, establishment
of wildlife refuges to support conservation, and prohibitions on trafficking in species or animal parts to combat
poaching.
Fish and game
Fish and game laws regulate the right to pursue and take or kill certain kinds of fish and wild animal (game).
Such laws may restrict the days to harvest fish or game, the number of animals caught per person, the species
harvested, or the weapons or fishing gear used. Such laws may seek to balance dueling needs for preservation
and harvest and to manage both environment and populations of fish and game. Game laws can provide a legal
structure to collect license fees and other money which is used to fund conservation efforts as well as to
obtain harvest information used in wildlife management practice.