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CHAPTER 2 : Cell Structure and Cell Organisation

1. Diagram 1.1 shows an example of cell organization in a multicellular organism.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan contoh organisasi sel dalam organisma multisel.

Diagram 1.1

(a) (i) Name the different types of cells shown in P, Q and R. [

Namakan jenis sel yang berbeza yang di P, Q dan R.

P:
Q:
R:
[2m]
(ii) State the functions of these cells. [3m]
Nyatakan fungsi-fungsi sel-sel berikut.

P:

Q:

R:

[2m]

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(b) Based on the information obtained from Diagram 1.1, state the meaning of cell
specialization.
Berdasarkan keterangan pada Rajah 1.1, nyatakan makna pengkhususan sel.

[2m]

(c) Name the organ in Diagram 1.1 and the tissues that form it. [1m]

Namakan organ dalam Rajah 1.1 dan tisu yang membentuknya.

[1m]

(d) The human skin and the epidermis of plants act as a barrier against water
loss,mechanical injury and infection by microorganisms. However, the human skin
can also perform other functions like temperature regulation, excretion and sensory
perception.
Explain the above statement. [4m]
Kulit manusia dan epidermis tumbuhan bertindak sebagai penghalang terhadap
kehilangan air, kecederaan mekanikal dan jangkitan oleh mikroorganisma. Walau
bagaimanapun, kulit manusia juga boleh melakukan fungsi lain seperti kawalatur
suhu, perkumuhan dan persepsi deria.
Terangkan pernyataan di atas.

CHAPTER 5: CELL DIVISION

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2. Diagram 4.4 shows the stages in a cell division.

X Y
Diagram 2.1

(a) (i) Name stages X and Y

Namakan peringkat X dan Y
X:
Y:
[2 marks]

(ii) Based on Diagram 2.1, state two differences between the chromosomal behaviour
in stage X and stage Y.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, nyatakan dua perbezaan antaran pelakuan kromosom
pada peringkat X dan Y.

PROPHASE 1 METAPHASE 1

[2 marks]

(a) Number of chromosome in somatic cells of this organism is 24.

Bilangan kromosom pada sel soma organisma ini ialah 24.

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(i) State the chromosomal number of each daughter cell produced at the end of the
division shown in Diagram 2.1
Nyatakan bilangan kromosom pada setiap sel anak yang dihasilkan pada
pembahagian sel dalam Rajah 2.1

[1 mark]

(ii) Based on your biological knowledge; give a reason for your answer.
Berdasakan pengetahuan biologi anda, beri alasan ke atas jawapan anda.

[1 mark]

(iii) Explain one important event that takes place during stage X.
Terangkan satu kepentingan kejadian yang berlaku pada peringkat X.

[2 marks]

(b) Based on Diagram 2.1, draw one of the daughter cells produced at the end of the
division.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, lukis satu sel anak yang terhasil di akhir pembahagian sel.

[ 2 marks]

(c) Explain what will happen in human if the chromosomes fail to separate during stage
Y.

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Terangkan apa yang akan berlaku kepada manusia jika kromosom gagal terpisah
semasa peringkat Y.

[2 marks]

(d) Tumor is an abnormal mass of cells that can invade and destroy neighboring cells.
Explain one activity that can cause tumor in lung.
Tumor adalah jisim abnormal sel yang boleh menyerang dan memusnahkan sel jiran.
Terangkan satu aktiviti yang boleh menyebabkan tumor dalam paru-paru.

[2 marks]

CHAPTER 6 : NUTRITION

ABSORPTION & ASSIMILATION

a) Absorption of Digested Food (in ileum)

Penyerapan Makanan Tercerna (di ilium)

Diagram 3.1

3. Describe the absorption of digested food at:

Terangkan penyerapan makanan tercerna di:

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(i) Epithelial cells (sel Epitelium)

(ii) Network of blood capillaries (rangkaian kapilari darah)

(iii) Lacteal (lakteal)

b) Absorption of Water & Mineral (in colon)

Penyerapan air dan mineral (di kolon)

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Diagram 3.2

Based on Diagram 3.2 above, explain the absorption of water and minerals in the colon.

Berdasarkan Rajah 3.2, terangkan penyerapan air dan mineral dalan kolon.

c) Assimilation (Asimilasi)

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Diagram 3.3

CHAPTER 7: RESPIRATION (RESPIRASI)

4 The schematic diagram in Diagram 4.1 shows the regulatory mechanism in
respiration during vigorous activities.
Rajah skema pada Rajah4.1menunjukkan mekanisme kawalatur dalam proses
Receptor
respirasi semasa senaman cergas.
P chemoreceptor
Q chemoreceptors

pH level impulse
Respiratory
of the blood centre
increase

Normal Level impulse

of carbon dioxide

Breathing rate and Respiratory

ventilation rate increase muscle

Diagram 4.1

(a) Based on the Diagram 4.1

Berdasarkan Rajah 4.1

(i) Name the receptor P and Q .

Namakan reseptor P dan Q.

[2 marks]

(iii) Explain how the carbon dioxide concentration and pH value of the blood return to
normal levels?
Terangkan bagaimana kepekatan karbon dioksida dan nilai pH dalam darah
kembali ke aras normal.

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[8 marks]

(b) If an athlete is regular smoker, explain how this might affect both his pulse and his
breathing rate during vigorous activity.
Jika seorang atlet adalah perokok biasa, terangkan bagaimana ini boleh menjejaskan
kedua-dua nadi dan kadar pernafasannya semasa aktiviti cergas.

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[8 marks]
CHAPTER 10: TRANSPORT
PENGANGKUTAN

5 Diagram 5.1 shows the schematic diagram of blood clotting.

Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan rajah skema pembekuan darah.

Platelets in contact with damaged tissue

Platelet bersentuhan
Thrombokinase
dengan tisu yang cedera
Factor X Factor Y
Prothrombin Thrombin

Fibrinogen W

Diagram 5.1

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(a) What is factor X and factor Y?

Apakah faktor X dan Faktor Y?
Faktor X:
Faktor Y:
[2 marks]
Diagram 5.2 shows the red blood cells are trapped by structure W.
(b) Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan sel darah meran yang terperangkap pada stuktur W.

Diagram 5.2

(i) Name structure W.

Namakan struktur W

[1 mark]

(ii) State a difference between fibrinogen and structure W.

Nyatakan perbezaan antara firinogen dan struktur W.

[1 mark]

(c) State two importance of blood clotting.

Nyatakan dua kepentingan pembekuan darah.

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[2 marks]

(d) Diagram 5.3 shows the formation of P due to unhealthy eating habit.
Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan pembentukkan P disebabkan oleh tabiat pemakanan yang
tidak baik.

Smooth surface

Artery wall

Diagram 5.3

(i) Name the part labelled P.

Namakan bahagian yang berlabel P

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[1 mark]
(ii) Explain how P is formed.
Terangkan bagaimana P terbentuk,

[2 marks]

6. Diagram 6.4 shows the relationship between two transport systems and the body
cells of human
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan hubungan antara dua sistem pengangkutan di dalam sel
badan manusia.

Diagram 6.4

(a) Name the fluid D and E

Namakan bendalir D dan E
D:
E:
(b) Explain how fluid D is formed .
Terangkan bagaimana bendalir D terbentuk.

(c) Name a substances that can be found in both fluid E and F.

Namakan bahan yang dapat dijumpai dalam kedua-dua bendalir E dan F.

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(d) Fluid E and F are involved in the body`s defence system.

Explain the defence mechanism of the following fluid
Bendalir E dan F terlibat terlibat dalam sistem pertahanan badan.
Terangkan mekanisme pertahanan cecair berikut.

7a) The arrows in diagram 7.1 show the movement of water from the roots to the
leaves and out to the atmosphere.
Anak panah dalam Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan pergerakan air dari akar ke daun dan
keluar ke atmosfera.

transpiration

cohension of
water
molecules

flow of adhension
water of water
molecules

DIAGRAM 7

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Diagram 7.1

Based on Diagram 7.1, explain the movement of water in a plant.

Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1, terangkan pergerakan air dalam tumbuhan.

[10 marks]

[10 m]

(b) What is the importance of transpiration to the plant?

Apakah kepentingan proses transpirasi kepada tumbuhan?

[2 marks]

(c) Discuss the factors that affect the rate of transpiration

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Bincangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar transpirasi.

[8 marks]
SUPPORT IN PLANTS

1) Aquatic plants are supported by:

 Buoyancy of water
 Aerenchyma tissues
 Air sacs on the stems
2) Woody plants are supported by:
 Xylem
 Tracheids
 Sclerenchyma tissues
3) Herbaceous plants are supported by:
 Turgidity of cells
 Collenchyma tissues

QUESTION

8. Diagram 8.1 shows the cross section of stems from plant P and plant Q which live in
different habitats.

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Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas batang dari tumbuhan P dan tumbuhan Q
yang hidup dalam habitat yang berbeza.

Diagram 8.1

(a)(i) State the habitat of plant P and plant Q. [2m]

Nyatakan habitat bagi tumbuhan P dan tumbuhan Q.
P:
Q:
Give one reason for the answer in (a)(i). [2m]
Beri alasan anda bagi jawapan pada (a)(i).
P:
Q:

9. Diagram 9.1 shows Eichornia sp. in its habitat.

Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan Eichornia sp. dalam habitatnya.

Diagram 9.1

Explain the adaptations of the plant which enable it to float on the water surface.[4m]

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Terangkan penyesuai tumbuhan ini yang membolehkan ia terapung di permukaan

air.

CHAPTER 12: COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

KOORDINASI DAN GERAKBALAS

10. Diagram 10.1 shows a cross section of part of the nervous system.
Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas bahagian sistem saraf.
Q
Y

Z
Diagram 10.1

a) State the function of X.

Nyatakan fungsi X

[1 mark]

b) Spinal nerve consists of Y and Z.

Name the structures labelled Y and Z. State their function.
Saraf spina terdiri daripada Y dan Z.
Namakan struktur yang berlabel Y dan Z. Nyatakan fungsi setiap satu.

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[2 marks]

c) Complete Diagram 10.1 with the neurones involved in a reflex action for with drawing
handfrom a sharp object / hot object and mark the direction of the impulse movement
Lengkapkan Rajah 10.1 dengan melukis neuron-neuron yang terlibat dalam
tindakan reflex dari hujung jarum yang tajam / objek panas dan tandakan arah
pengaliran impuls.

[2 marks]
d) State three difference between afferent neurone and a efferent neurone.
Nyatakan tiga perbezaan antara neuron aferen dan neuron eferen.

Afferent Neurone Efferent Neurone

[3 mark]
e) If the spinal nerve is cut off at Z, what is the effect on the organ which is connected
to it? . Explain your answer.
Jika saraf spina terpotong di Z, apakah kesan ke atas organ yang bersambung
dengannya?

[2 marks]
f) Ahmad’s finger accidently touches a flame.
Explain briefly how his reflex action functions to avoid the injury
Jari Ahmad secara tidak sengaja menyentuh api. Terangkan secara ringkas
bagaimana tindakan refleks ini berfungsi untuk mengelakkan kecederaan

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[4 marks]
11. Diagram 11.1 shows an experiment to study the effect of chemical substance P in
coleoptile towards the plumule growth of a plant’s seed .
Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan bahan kimia P dalam
coleoptile ke arah pertumbuhan plumul biji benih tumbuhan.

Diagram 11.1

(a) Name chemical substance P in the coleoptile of the plant’s seed.

Namakan bahan P dalam koleoptil pada biji benih tumbuhan.

[1 mark]

(b) In another experiment , a group of students have removed the coleoptile of a seed
and placed it on agar block before placing it back on the cut plumule as shown in
Diagram 11.2

Dalam eksperimen lain, sekumpulan pelajar telah mengeluarkan koleoptil dari benih
dan meletakkannya pada blok agar sebelum meletakkannya kembali pada plumul
dipotong seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 11.2

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Diagram 11.2
(i) Draw a possible observation for the growth of plumule in the box given in
Diagram 11.2
Lukis kemungkinan pemerhatian untuk pertumbuhan plumul dalam kotak yang
diberikan di dalam Rajah 11.2
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain how chemical substance P named in (a) causing the above observation as
drawn in (b)(i)
Terangkan bagaiman bahan kimia P yang dinamakan pada (a) menyebabkan
pemerhatian yang dilukis dalam b(ii)

[2 marks]
d) Besides stimulating the shoot elongation,chemical substance P also has other
functions. Explain how chemical substance P being used in partenocarphy.
Selain merangsang pemanjangan pucuk, bahan kimia P juga mempunyai lain-lain
fungsi. Terangkan bagaimana bahan kimia P digunakan dalam partenokar.

[ 2 marks]

(e) A mango farmer picked ten baskets of immature mangoes for sale. Give one
suggestion to make all the mangoes ripen on the same time.
Seorang petani memetik mangga yang belum matang sebanyak sepuluh bakul untuk
dijual. Berikan satu cara untuk membuatkan semua mangga dimasak pada masa yang
sama.

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[1 mark]

CHAPTER 14: INHERITANCE

PEWARISAN

Activity: Schematic diagram of inheritance for sex-linked gene for colour blindness.
Aktiviti: Rajah Skema pewarisan penyakit gen terangkai seks untuk buta warna.

12. A normal vision male marriedwith normal vision female a heterozygote. What is the
probability of colour vision to their children.
Lelaki penglihatan normal berkahwin dengan perempuan penglihatan normal
heterozigot. Apakah kebarangkalian penglihatan berwarna untuk anak-anak mereka.

Parent: Male X Female

Phenotype: Normal vision Normal vision (heterozygote)

Genotype: XNY XNXn

Gamete: XN Y XN Xn

Child phenotype: XNXN XNXn XNY XnY

Child genotype:Female with Female with Male with normal Male with colour
normal colour normal colour colour vision blindness
vision vision

(carrier)

a) What is the probability of colour vision in sons and daughters in the inheritance
above?

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Apakah kebarangkalian penglihatan berwarna pada anak lelaki dan perempuan

bagi pewarisan di atas?

b) Explain why sons have higher probability to be colour blind than the daughters.
Terangkan kenapa anak lelaki mempunyai kebarangkalian yang tinggi untuk
menghidap buta warna berbanding anak perempuan?

13. A group of student carry out a study of variation of fingerprints and body weight of Form 5
student at their school. The result of the study is shown in the table below.

Whorl Curves Composite Loops

Types of
fingerprints

No of 15 24 32 25
student

Table 1: Number of student according to types of fingerprints

Range of <40 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 >65

body
weight(kg)

No of 12 15 21 27 24 18 6

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student
Table 2: Body weight distribution among students

(a) Based on Table 1 and Table 2, draw a frequency distribution histogram to show.[4m]
Berdasarkan Jadual dan Jadual 2, lukis histogram taburan diskrit’
(i) Histogram Jadual 1

(ii) Histrogram Jadual 2

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(b) State two differences between the variation shown by the types of fingerprints and
the type of their height of the students. [2m]
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara variasi yang ditunjukkan oleh jenis cap jari
dan ketinggian pelajar.

(c) Explain the importance of variation. [2m]

Terangkan kepentingan variasi.

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Mutation is one of the factors that cause variation. Diagram 13.1 shows two types of
chromosomal mutation.
Mutasi adalah salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan variasi. Rajah 13.1 menunjukkan dua
jenis mutasi kromosom.

Diagram 13.1

(i) Name the processes involved in the mutation of P and Q. [2m]

Namakan proses yang terlibat dalam mutasi do P dan Q

(ii) Explain one bad effect cause by mutation. [2m]

Terangkan satu kesan buruk mutasi.

(d) If we were to plant some cloned banana plant, it will grow into adult banana plants
with some physical variation like height and number of fruits even though they have
the same genotype.
Explain how that variation occurs amongst the cloned banana plants. [3m]
Sekiranya kita menanam beberapa tumbuhan pisang klon, ia akan tumbuh menjadi
tumbuhan pisang dewasa dengan beberapa variasi fizikal seperti ketinggian dan
bilangan buah-buahan walaupun mereka mempunyai genotip yang sama.
Terangkan bagaimana variasi itu berlaku di kalangan tumbuhan pisang klon. [3m]

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Sample answer:

14. (a) Diagram 14.1 shows few stages that involved in the production of insulin hormone
through genetic engineering technology.
Rajah 14.1 menunjukkan beberapa peringkat penghasilan hormon insulin melalui
kejuruteraan genetik.

Diagram 14.1

By using your biology knowledge, describe how this technology can be used in insulin
hormone production. [6m]
Dengan menggunakan pengetahuan biologi anda, terangkan bagaimana teknologi ini
diguna dalam penghasilan hormon insulin.

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(b) Rajah 14.2 shows differences among cats. Diagram 14.4 shows the factors affected the
differences
Rajah 14.2 menunjukkan perbezaan pada kucing. Rajah 14.3 menunjukkan faktor-faktor
yang menyebabkan perbezaan.

Diagram 14.2

Diagram 14.3

Explain how this factor in the Diagram 14.3 will cause the differences among the cats
in Diagrams 14.2. [10m]
Terangkan bagaimana faktor dalam Rajah 14.3 menyebabkan perbezaan pada
kucing pada Rajah 14.2.

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(c) A study about haemophilia disease was done to two couples of teenagers who plan to
get married.
Satu kajian tentang penyakit haemophilia dilakukan kepada dua pasangan remaja yang
merancang untuk berkahwin.
Table 3 shows the result of the study.

Couple A B
Man Woman Man Woman
Genotype XhY XHXH XHY XhXh

Table 3: The result of the experiment on haemophilia disease.

Based on your biological knowledge, give your advice and justification to both couples.
Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi anda, justifikasi kepada kedua-dua pasangan.
[10m]

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