WJEC (Eduqas) Biology A-level

2.4: Adaptations for Nutrition

Questions by Topic
1. Define the following terms and give an example of a different organism for each.

[6]

Parasite

Example

Autotroph

Example

Saprophyte or saprobiont

Example

(Total 6 marks)

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2. The diagrams below show the gut parasites Taenia solium and Echinococcus granulosus (A) and the skull
of a mammal (B).

(a) (i) State what is meant by the term parasite.

[2]

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(ii) Using the photographs in A opposite, and your own knowledge, state three features of the gut

parasites that are adaptations to their parasitic way of life.

[3]

(iii) State the type of diet eaten by the animal shown in diagram B opposite. Give reasons for your answer.

[3]

(b) Explain how a parasitic mode of nutrition is

(i) similar to the mode of nutrition used by the mammal in diagram B opposite,

[1]

(ii) different from the mode of nutrition used by the mammal in diagram B opposite.

[2]

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3.

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4. The diagram below shows the human alimentary canal.

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(a) Use a letter or letters from the diagram above to answer the following questions.

[6]

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The diagram below shows the lower jaw of a mammal.

(b) Use the information in the diagram above to:

(i) State the name given to describe the mode of nutrition of this mammal. [1]

(ii) Explain how the jaw and teeth shown above are adapted for this mode of nutrition. [3]

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(iii) Explain how the gut of this mammal is adapted for digestion. [2]

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5.

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6. The tapeworm, Taenia solium, is a parasite of humans.

(a) State what is meant by the term parasite.

[2]

The tapeworm consists of a head with no mouth, followed by a large number of thin flat segments called

proglottids.

(b) Describe how the tapeworm is adapted to obtain its nutrients.

[3]

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7. The following diagram shows a longitudinal section of the small intestine.

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(a) Complete the diagram by labelling structures A, B and C.

[3]

(b) Identify the types of blood vessels shown by D and E.

[2]

(c) Describe two features associated with cell X and explain why each is important for the

cell to function efficiently.

[4]

Feature 1

Importance

Feature 2

Importance

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(d) Cell Y is vital to the functioning of the intestine. What is the name of this cell and what

is its function?

[2]

Name

Function

8. The diagram below shows a villus of the small intestine.

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(a) Complete the diagram above by naming the structures A, B and C.

[3]

(b) With reference to the diagram only, describe and explain two features that are important in the
functioning of the villus.

[4]

(c) (i) Name the substance secreted by cell type Y.

[1]

(ii) Explain two functions of the secretion of cell type Y in the process of digestion.

[2]

(d) Layers of smooth muscle are found in the wall of the small intestine. Explain the role of these muscle
layers in the process of digestion.

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[3]

(e) Amino acids absorbed by structure A are transported to the liver. Describe the fate of the excess

amino acids absorbed.

[2]

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9.

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14.

15. Digestion involves the breaking down of food by a combination of mechanical and chemical processes.

(a) Describe two ways in which food is broken down mechanically in the human alimentary canal. [2]

I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

............

II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..........

(b) The diagrams show the digestion of a molecule of starch and a molecule of protein.

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(i) In the digestion of starch name:

Enzymes A and C: [1]

A..................................C.................................

Molecules B and D: [1]

B..................................D.................................

(ii) Name two places in the alimentary canal where digestion caused by enzyme A takes place. [1]

................................................................................

(c) (i) In the digestion of protein name the types of enzyme shown at E and F. [2]

E...................................................................

F...................................................................

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(ii) Pepsin and trypsin are enzymes involved in the digestion of proteins. Both are secreted as inactive

precursors. Complete the table to give the names of the substances responsible for their activation.

[2]

(iii) Helicobacter pylori is a species of bacterium that lives in the stomach and digests urea into alkaline

ammonia. Ammonia is toxic to epithelial cells lining the gastric pits (glands).

Suggest how infection with H.pylori can lead to the development of a peptic ulcer.

[3]

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16. (a) The diagram shows a longitudinal section through a part of the alimentary canal.

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(i) Name the part of the alimentary canal where structures A would be found.

[1]

(ii) Name the blood vessel that transports amino acids to the liver.

[1]

(iii) Use the diagram opposite to complete the following table.

[4]

(b) Coeliac disease is a disease that affects the small intestine.

Suggest why symptoms often include diarrhoea and fatigue.

[3]

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