é½åã®æªãç¹ãå ±ããªãããã©ã³ãã³ã°ãä¸ãã£ã¦ããã ã
- å½å¢ãªãè¨è å£ã®å ±éã®èªç±åº¦ã©ã³ãã³ã°2022
- ãè¨è ã¯ã©ãã¯ç¢ºç«ããå ±éæ©é¢åªå ã§ããªã¼ã©ã³ã¹å·®å¥ã
- ãæ°èã¨æ¾éå±ã®ã¯ãã¹ãªã¼ãã¼ã·ããã«å¯¾ããè¦å¶ããªã極端ãªéä¸ã
- å ±éãããªãå ±éã®èªç±åº¦ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¨ãã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢ã«ããã©ã³ãã³ã°ä½ä¸
å½å¢ãªãè¨è å£ã®å ±éã®èªç±åº¦ã©ã³ãã³ã°2022
å ±éã®èªç±åº¦ã©ã³ãã³ã°2022ãå½å¢ãªãè¨è å£ãã5æ3æ¥ã«çºè¡¨ããã¦ãã¾ããã
ãã¾ããã§ããæ¹ãã¦ææãã¦ããã¾ãã
å ¨ä½ã®å 容ã¯ä¸è¨ãã¼ã¸ãè¦ãã°ããããæ¦è¦ã¯å¤ãã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ã§èªããã¦ãã¾ãã
ãããã®ä¸ã§ã¾ã£ããè¨åãããªãå 容ãããã¾ããã
ãè¨è ã¯ã©ãã¯ç¢ºç«ããå ±éæ©é¢åªå ã§ããªã¼ã©ã³ã¹å·®å¥ã
Political context
Since 2012 and the rise to power of the nationalist right, many journalists have complained about a climate of mistrust, even hostility, toward them. The system of âkisha clubsâ (âreportersâ clubs), which only allows established news organisations to access government events and to interview officials, induces journalists into self-censorship and represents blatant discrimination against freelancers and foreign reporters.
ãè¨è ã¯ã©ãã¨ããã·ã¹ãã ã¯ç¢ºç«ãããå ±éæ©é¢ã®ã¿ã«æ¿åºç³»ã¤ãã³ãã¸ã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããªãã£ã·ã£ã«ãªåæã許å¯ããã¸ã£ã¼ããªã¹ããèªå·±æ¤é²ã«è¿½ãè¾¼ã¿ãããªã¼ã©ã³ã¹ãå¤å½äººè¨è ã«å¯¾ããããããã¾ãªå·®å¥ã表ãã¦ãã¾ãã
ããã¾ã§ã¡ãã£ã¢ãã®ãã®ã«å¯¾ãã¦å³ããè¨ããã¦ã¾ãã
ã¾ããæã ä¸è¬æ¥æ¬äººã¯ãã£ã¨æã£ã¦ããããã§ããã
ããã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢èªèº«ãå ±éã®èªç±åº¦ã¸ã®è å¨ãã¨è¨ã£ã¦ãã®ã¨å義ã§ãããã
ãã£ã¤ãã¿ããã«å ±ç£å æ¿åºã®æ¯ãããã£ã¦ãã¨ããçç±ã§ã¯ãªããæ¿åºã¨å¯¾ç«ããç§ä¼æ¥ããã®ãããªç¶æ³ãçã¿åºãã¦ããã¨ããã®ã¯ç°å¸¸ã§ãããä½ãããå½å¢ãªãè¨è å£ããããã®ããã«è©ä¾¡ããã¦ããã¨ããç¾å®ã¯éãã§ãããã
ãã¡ãããããªã¼ã©ã³ã¹ãä¸å®ç¨åº¦ã¯åæãã§ãã¾ããï¼ãã¨ãã°å®æ¿é·å®è¨è ä¼è¦ã§ã¯ãã¾ã«ããªã¼ã©ã³ã¹è¨è ã質åãã¦ããï¼ããã®è¾ºãã®è§£å度ãä½ãè¨è¿°ã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ããã大ããééã£ã¦ã¯ããªãã§ãããã
ãæ°èã¨æ¾éå±ã®ã¯ãã¹ãªã¼ãã¼ã·ããã«å¯¾ããè¦å¶ããªã極端ãªéä¸ã
Economic context
In this world's most aged country, the paper-centred model remains the main economic model, but its future is uncertain due to the decline of its audience. Japan does not have regulation against the cross ownership of newspapers and broadcast stations, which has led to an extreme media concentration and the growth of media groups of considerable size, sometimes with over 2,000 reporters.Â
ãæ°èã¨æ¾éå±ã®ã¯ãã¹ãªã¼ãã¼ã·ããã«å¯¾ããè¦å¶ããªã極端ãªã¡ãã£ã¢éä¸ããããããæã«ã¯2000人ãè¶ ããè¨è ãæ±ããã¡ãã£ã¢ã°ã«ã¼ãã®æé·ãå¼ãèµ·ããã¦ããã
ã¯ãã¹ãªã¼ãã¼ã·ããã¨ããã®ã¯æ ªå¼ã®ç¸äºä¿æã®ãã¨ã§ãã
éã«æ ªå¼ã®è²æ¸¡å¶éãæ¥åæ°èç´æ³ã§å®ãããã¦ãããªã©ãæ¢åã¡ãã£ã¢ãå®ãããã®ä»çµã¿ã¯å¼·åããã¦ããæ¥æ¬ã
ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã§ã¯ãèªå£²æ°èã¨ææ¥æ°èã¯ã1 æ¥ã®çºè¡é¨æ°ããããã 700 ä¸é¨ã¨ 500 ä¸é¨ã¨ãä¸çã§æãå¤ãæ°èããæ¥æ¬æ¾éåä¼ (NHK) ã¯ä¸ç第 2 ä½ã®å ¬å ±æ¾éå±ãã¨ãææããã¦ãããã©ãã ãæ¥æ¬ã®ãã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢ãä¸çã®å¤ã®å½ã®ã¡ãã£ã¢ãããè¥å¤§åãã¦ããããåããã¾ãã
ããã«ããããããæµ·å¤å ±éï¼ç¹ã«æ¦å°å ±éï¼ã¯ç¾å°ã¡ãã£ã¢ã»æ¬§ç±³ã¡ãã£ã¢ã¨ããªã¼ã©ã³ã¹ã«é ¼ãã£ãããªã®ã¯å¥å¦ã§ãããã¨ã
ããããç¶æ³ããè¨è ã¯ã©ãã®ééæ§ã«ãã¤ãªãã£ã¦ãããã ããã¨æããã¾ãã
å ±éãããªãå ±éã®èªç±åº¦ã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¨ãã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢ã«ããã©ã³ãã³ã°ä½ä¸
ããããã¡ãã£ã¢ã«ã¯ä¸é½åãªè¨è¿°å
容ã¯ãä¸åå ±éããã¦ãã¾ããã§ããã
ï¼â»ç¢ºèªããã®ã¯WEBä¸ã§å½è©²ã©ã³ãã³ã°ãåãä¸ããåªä½ã«éãï¼
大æã¡ãã£ã¢ã§ã¯ãªãã¿ããã¤ãç´çãªãããã¡ãã£ã¢ã»å人ãµã¤ãï¼ãããåªä½ã®å 容ã®æãéããªãã ããï¼ã§ãã£ã¦ããããããç¹ãããã¨ã¼ããã¦ç´¹ä»ããæãè¤æ°ã¿ã¤ããã¾ãã
2021å¹´ã¯J-CASTãã¥ã¼ã¹ã¯å ±ãã¦ãã¾ãããã
æ¨å¹´ã¯ææ¥æ°èã誤å°çãªå 容ã§å ±éã®èªç±åº¦ã©ã³ãã³ã°ãç´¹ä»ãã¦ãã¾ããã
ãè¨è ã¯ã©ãã®ééæ§ãã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯æ¨å¹´ãææããã¦ãã¾ããã
ãªããã©ã³ãã³ã°ãæ§æãã質åæã¯ä»¥ä¸
https://rsf.org/sites/default/files/medias/file/2022/04/RSF_Index_Questionnaire_2022_EN.pdf
以ä¸ï¼ã¯ã¦ãªããã¯ãã¼ã¯,ããã°,noteçã§ã®ãç´¹ä»ããé¡ããã¾ã