- published: 18 Feb 2018
- views: 573733
GABAA receptor
The GABAA receptor (GABAAR) is an ionotropic receptor and ligand-gated ion channel. Its endogenous ligand is γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Upon activation, the GABAA receptor selectively conducts Cl− through its pore, resulting in hyperpolarization of the neuron. This causes an inhibitory effect on neurotransmission by diminishing the chance of a successful action potential occurring. The reversal potential of the GABAA-mediated IPSP in normal solution is −70 mV, contrasting the GABAB IPSP.
The active site of the GABAA receptor is the binding site for GABA and several drugs such as muscimol, gaboxadol, and bicuculline. The protein also contains a number of different allosteric binding sites which modulate the activity of the receptor indirectly. These allosteric sites are the targets of various other drugs, including the benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepines, neuroactive steroids, barbiturates, ethanol,inhaled anaesthetics, and picrotoxin, among others.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/GABAA_receptor
Podcasts:
-
2-Minute Neuroscience: GABA
In this video I discuss the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human nervous system; its effects generally involve making neurons less likely to fire action potentials or release neurotransmitters. GABA acts at both ionotropic (GABAa) and metabotropic (GABAb) receptors, and its action is terminated by a transporter called the GABA transporter. Several drugs like alcohol and benzodiazepines cause increased GABA activity, which is associated with sedative effects. TRANSCRIPT: Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. Although GABA’s primary functions are as a neurotransmitter, it has the...
published: 18 Feb 2018 -
Neuroscience Basics: GABA Receptors and GABA Drugs, Animation
Mechanism of action of GABA-A, GABA-B and GABA-C. Allosteric modulators. Action of Benzodiazepines (benzos) and Flumazenil. Purchase a license to download a non-watermarked version of this video on AlilaMedicalMedia(dot)com Check out our new Alila Academy - AlilaAcademy(dot)com - complete video courses with quizzes, PDFs, and downloadable images. Voice by: Sue Stern ©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved. Gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA, is the primary INHIBITORY neurotransmitter in the mature brain. It REDUCES neuronal activity of target cells through its binding to GABA receptors present on the cell surface. Nearly half of all synapses of the brain express some kind of GABA receptor and are thus responsive to GABA. There are at least 3 types of GABA receptors: GABA-A, GABA-B and...
published: 24 Apr 2017 -
GABA Receptor( BZD) - Structure and Mechanism of Action
GET LECTURE HANDOUTS FROM THIS VIDEO SUPPORT US ON PATREON OR JOIN HERE ON YOUTUBE. https://www.patreon.com/medsimplified LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : fb.me/Medsimplified BUY USING AFFILIATE LINKS : AMAZON US--- https://goo.gl/XSJtTx AMAZON India http://goo.gl/QsUhku FLIPKART http://fkrt.it/Wiv8RNNNNN FLIPKART MOBILE APP http://fkrt.it/Wiv8RNNNNN -~-~~-~~~-~~-~- CHECK OUT NEWEST VIDEO: "Nucleic acids - DNA and RNA structure " https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lZRAShqft0 -~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
published: 21 Jun 2015 -
GABA Transmitter System & Synaptic Inhibition Explained (Shunting Inhibition, GABAa, GABAb) | Clip
Welcome to Science With Tal! In this video, we will cover the neurotransmitter: GABA. More precisely, we will cover its synthesis pathway, its ionotropic receptor (GABAa) & metabotropic receptor (GABAb). GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS so it is important to understand its properties. Throughout this discussion, we will discuss how GABA inhibits cells including the process of shunting inhibition. This conversation on neurons in the CNS derives from important concepts that are described in two previous full discussions: 1- To watch the first part (Signal propagation in the Neuron), make sure to go to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2gma7gsq6g&feature=youtu.be&themeRefresh=1 2- To watch the second (The Neuromuscular Junction as the model of the chemical syn...
published: 05 Apr 2023 -
Pharmacology - BENZODIAZEPINES, BARBITURATES, HYPNOTICS (MADE EASY)
👉📖 READY TO ACE YOUR EXAM? 📚 GET STUDY NOTES ON PATREON! https://www.patreon.com/speedpharmacology Benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and sedative-hypnotics are central nervous system depressants that work by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), resulting in anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. This pharmacology lecture covers topics such as pathophysiology of anxiety and insomnia, role of GABA in the central nervous system, structure and function of GABA-A receptor, limbic system, mechanism of action and side effects of benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics. Drugs mentioned include; Alprazolam, Chlordiazepoxide, Clonazepam, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Temazepa...
published: 17 Sep 2018 -
The GABAa Receptor & Positive Allosteric Modulation
⚡ Welcome to Catalyst University! I am Kevin Tokoph, PT, DPT. I hope you enjoy the video! Please leave a like and subscribe! 🙏 INSTAGRAM | @thecatalystuniversity Follow me on Instagram @thecatalystuniversity for additional helpful content and for my more fun side: Pets, Workouts, Dragon Ball Z SleepPhones® | Need to Relax? Ocean waves, ASMR, Rainstorms, and Theta Waves while you sleep with SleepPhones® at this link: https://www.sleepphones.com/?aff=394 - Use the Coupon Code, “CatalystRelax”, at the checkout for some awesome savings. More details here in my new video: https://youtu.be/qcVFzpO-xC8 MERCHANDISE Be sure to check out custom Catalyst University merchandise! LINK | https://teespring.com/stores/catalyst-university-store-2 PATREON LINK | https://www.patreon.com/catalystunivers...
published: 11 Oct 2017 -
Drugs Acting on GABA-A Receptor (Mechanisms)
Explore our entire animation video library at: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/ All videos from central nervous system pharmacology: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/post/pharmacology-central-nervous-system In this video, I am briefing mechanisms of various drugs acting on GABA-A receptor. Main drug groups are benzodiazepines and barbiturates. ● Follow me at: • Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NonstopNeuron • Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/NonstopNeuron/
published: 22 Dec 2017 -
Neuroscience Basics: GABA and Glutamate, Animation
Basics of inhibitory and excitatory networks of the brain. Purchase a license to download a non-watermarked version of this video on AlilaMedicalMedia(dot)com Check out our new Alila Academy - AlilaAcademy(dot)com - complete video courses with quizzes, PDFs, and downloadable images. Voice by: Sue Stern ©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved. The brain is a complex network of billions of neurons. Neurons can be excitatory or inhibitory. Excitatory neurons stimulate others to respond and transmit electrical messages, while inhibitory neurons SUPPRESS responsiveness, preventing excessive firing. Responsiveness or excitability of a neuron is determined by the value of electrical voltage across its membrane. Basically, a neuron is MORE responsive when it has more POSITIVE charges inside...
published: 24 Apr 2017 -
GABAA receptor membrane dynamics and the tuning of inhibitory synapses
Josef Kittler (University College London, UK) delivers The Physiological Society's GSK Prize Lecture 2010
published: 14 Mar 2014 -
2-Minute Neuroscience: Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders and sleep disorders. They are thought to exert their effects in the brain by acting at receptors for the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. In this video, I cover the the mechanism of action for benzodiazepines. TRANSCRIPT: Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs named for their chemical structure that are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders and sleep-related disorders. They include well-known drugs like valium, xanax, and klonopin. There are dozens of drugs in the benzodiazepine class, but the mechanism by which they all exert their effects is thought to be similar....
published: 10 Nov 2017
developed with YouTube
1:59
2-Minute Neuroscience: GABA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:59
- Uploaded Date: 18 Feb 2018
- views: 573733
In this video I discuss the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human nervous system; its ...
In this video I discuss the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human nervous system; its effects generally involve making neurons less likely to fire action potentials or release neurotransmitters. GABA acts at both ionotropic (GABAa) and metabotropic (GABAb) receptors, and its action is terminated by a transporter called the GABA transporter. Several drugs like alcohol and benzodiazepines cause increased GABA activity, which is associated with sedative effects.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA.
Although GABA’s primary functions are as a neurotransmitter, it has the structure of an amino acid and thus is referred to as an amino acid neurotransmitter. It is synthesized from another amino acid neurotransmitter, glutamate, in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase.
The function of GABA changes over the course of neural development, but in the mature brain it acts primarily as an inhibitory neurotransmitter; in other words when GABA interacts with the receptors of a neuron, it generally makes the neuron less likely to fire an action potential or release neurotransmitters.
There are two types of receptors GABA interacts with, GABAa and GABAb receptors. GABAa receptors are ionotropic receptors. When GABA binds to the GABAa receptor, it causes the opening of an associated ion channel that is permeable to the negatively charged ion chloride. When negative chloride ions flow into the neuron, they hyperpolarize the membrane potential of the neuron and make it less likely the neuron will fire an action potential. GABAb receptors are metabotropic (or g-protein coupled) receptors; when activated they frequently cause the opening of potassium channels. These channels allow positively charged potassium ions to flow out of the neuron, again making the neuron hyperpolarized and less likely to fire an action potential.
The actions of GABA are terminated by proteins called GABA transporters, which transport GABA from the synaptic cleft into neurons or glial cells where it is degraded primarily by mitochondrial enzymes.
Because GABA can reduce neural transmission, increased GABA activity can have sedative effects. Accordingly, a number of drugs that have such effects, like alcohol and benzodiazepines, increase activity at the GABA receptor.
REFERENCE:
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, Lamantia AS, McNamara JO, White LE. Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sunderland, MA. Sinauer Associates; 2008.
https://wn.com/2_Minute_Neuroscience_Gaba
In this video I discuss the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human nervous system; its effects generally involve making neurons less likely to fire action potentials or release neurotransmitters. GABA acts at both ionotropic (GABAa) and metabotropic (GABAb) receptors, and its action is terminated by a transporter called the GABA transporter. Several drugs like alcohol and benzodiazepines cause increased GABA activity, which is associated with sedative effects.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA.
Although GABA’s primary functions are as a neurotransmitter, it has the structure of an amino acid and thus is referred to as an amino acid neurotransmitter. It is synthesized from another amino acid neurotransmitter, glutamate, in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase.
The function of GABA changes over the course of neural development, but in the mature brain it acts primarily as an inhibitory neurotransmitter; in other words when GABA interacts with the receptors of a neuron, it generally makes the neuron less likely to fire an action potential or release neurotransmitters.
There are two types of receptors GABA interacts with, GABAa and GABAb receptors. GABAa receptors are ionotropic receptors. When GABA binds to the GABAa receptor, it causes the opening of an associated ion channel that is permeable to the negatively charged ion chloride. When negative chloride ions flow into the neuron, they hyperpolarize the membrane potential of the neuron and make it less likely the neuron will fire an action potential. GABAb receptors are metabotropic (or g-protein coupled) receptors; when activated they frequently cause the opening of potassium channels. These channels allow positively charged potassium ions to flow out of the neuron, again making the neuron hyperpolarized and less likely to fire an action potential.
The actions of GABA are terminated by proteins called GABA transporters, which transport GABA from the synaptic cleft into neurons or glial cells where it is degraded primarily by mitochondrial enzymes.
Because GABA can reduce neural transmission, increased GABA activity can have sedative effects. Accordingly, a number of drugs that have such effects, like alcohol and benzodiazepines, increase activity at the GABA receptor.
REFERENCE:
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, Lamantia AS, McNamara JO, White LE. Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sunderland, MA. Sinauer Associates; 2008.
2:20
Neuroscience Basics: GABA Receptors and GABA Drugs, Animation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:20
- Uploaded Date: 24 Apr 2017
- views: 371909
Mechanism of action of GABA-A, GABA-B and GABA-C. Allosteric modulators. Action of Benzodiazepines (benzos) and Flumazenil.
Purchase a license to download a n...
Mechanism of action of GABA-A, GABA-B and GABA-C. Allosteric modulators. Action of Benzodiazepines (benzos) and Flumazenil.
Purchase a license to download a non-watermarked version of this video on AlilaMedicalMedia(dot)com
Check out our new Alila Academy - AlilaAcademy(dot)com - complete video courses with quizzes, PDFs, and downloadable images.
Voice by: Sue Stern
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA, is the primary INHIBITORY neurotransmitter in the mature brain. It REDUCES neuronal activity of target cells through its binding to GABA receptors present on the cell surface. Nearly half of all synapses of the brain express some kind of GABA receptor and are thus responsive to GABA. There are at least 3 types of GABA receptors: GABA-A, GABA-B and GABA-C. GABA-A and GABA-C are ligand-gated chloride channels. Upon transmitter binding, they open and allow chloride ions to flow into the neuron, making it more NEGATIVE, or HYPER-polarized, and thus LESS likely to generate action potentials. GABA-B acts through a G-protein to activate potassium channels, which allow positively-charged potassium to flow OUT of the cell, again resulting in membrane HYPER-polarization and a subsequent decrease in neuron responsiveness.
GABA is believed to play a major role in controlling neuronal hyperactivity associated with fear, anxiety and convulsions.
GABA-A receptor is composed of 5 protein subunits. In addition to binding sites for GABA, it has allosteric binding sites for other substances known as GABA modulators. These are molecules that can INCREASE or DECREASE the action of GABA, but have no effect in the absence of GABA.
For example, benzodiazepines, a class of drugs used to treat anxiety, bind to GABA-A receptor and facilitate its binding to GABA, thus potentiating GABA inhibitory effect. Other positive modulators include barbiturates, alcohol, propofol, among others.
Examples of negative modulators are convulsants, such as Flumazenil. Flumazenil reverses the effects of benzodiazepines by competing with them at the same binding site on GABA-A.
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
https://wn.com/Neuroscience_Basics_Gaba_Receptors_And_Gaba_Drugs,_Animation
Mechanism of action of GABA-A, GABA-B and GABA-C. Allosteric modulators. Action of Benzodiazepines (benzos) and Flumazenil.
Purchase a license to download a non-watermarked version of this video on AlilaMedicalMedia(dot)com
Check out our new Alila Academy - AlilaAcademy(dot)com - complete video courses with quizzes, PDFs, and downloadable images.
Voice by: Sue Stern
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA, is the primary INHIBITORY neurotransmitter in the mature brain. It REDUCES neuronal activity of target cells through its binding to GABA receptors present on the cell surface. Nearly half of all synapses of the brain express some kind of GABA receptor and are thus responsive to GABA. There are at least 3 types of GABA receptors: GABA-A, GABA-B and GABA-C. GABA-A and GABA-C are ligand-gated chloride channels. Upon transmitter binding, they open and allow chloride ions to flow into the neuron, making it more NEGATIVE, or HYPER-polarized, and thus LESS likely to generate action potentials. GABA-B acts through a G-protein to activate potassium channels, which allow positively-charged potassium to flow OUT of the cell, again resulting in membrane HYPER-polarization and a subsequent decrease in neuron responsiveness.
GABA is believed to play a major role in controlling neuronal hyperactivity associated with fear, anxiety and convulsions.
GABA-A receptor is composed of 5 protein subunits. In addition to binding sites for GABA, it has allosteric binding sites for other substances known as GABA modulators. These are molecules that can INCREASE or DECREASE the action of GABA, but have no effect in the absence of GABA.
For example, benzodiazepines, a class of drugs used to treat anxiety, bind to GABA-A receptor and facilitate its binding to GABA, thus potentiating GABA inhibitory effect. Other positive modulators include barbiturates, alcohol, propofol, among others.
Examples of negative modulators are convulsants, such as Flumazenil. Flumazenil reverses the effects of benzodiazepines by competing with them at the same binding site on GABA-A.
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
- published: 24 Apr 2017
- views: 371909
6:11
GABA Receptor( BZD) - Structure and Mechanism of Action
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:11
- Uploaded Date: 21 Jun 2015
- views: 385785
GET LECTURE HANDOUTS FROM THIS VIDEO
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GET LECTURE HANDOUTS FROM THIS VIDEO
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CHECK OUT NEWEST VIDEO: "Nucleic acids - DNA and RNA structure "
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https://wn.com/Gaba_Receptor(_Bzd)_Structure_And_Mechanism_Of_Action
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SUPPORT US ON PATREON OR JOIN HERE ON YOUTUBE.
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CHECK OUT NEWEST VIDEO: "Nucleic acids - DNA and RNA structure "
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-~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
- published: 21 Jun 2015
- views: 385785
15:01
GABA Transmitter System & Synaptic Inhibition Explained (Shunting Inhibition, GABAa, GABAb) | Clip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:01
- Uploaded Date: 05 Apr 2023
- views: 13297
Welcome to Science With Tal!
In this video, we will cover the neurotransmitter: GABA. More precisely, we will cover its synthesis pathway, its ionotropic recep...
Welcome to Science With Tal!
In this video, we will cover the neurotransmitter: GABA. More precisely, we will cover its synthesis pathway, its ionotropic receptor (GABAa) & metabotropic receptor (GABAb). GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS so it is important to understand its properties. Throughout this discussion, we will discuss how GABA inhibits cells including the process of shunting inhibition.
This conversation on neurons in the CNS derives from important concepts that are described in two previous full discussions:
1- To watch the first part (Signal propagation in the Neuron), make sure to go to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2gma7gsq6g&feature=youtu.be&themeRefresh=1
2- To watch the second (The Neuromuscular Junction as the model of the chemical synapse) make sure to go to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpSVGwID7ck
To improve the quality of my content, I highly value the feedback from the viewer so do not hesitate to give any feedback in the comment section.
TIMESTAMPS
0:00 Introduction
0:15 Synthesis & reuptake
3:18 Ionotropic channel structure & mechanism (GABAa)
11:17 Metabotropic channel (GABAb)
12:50 3 forms of inhibition
13:33 Word on glycine
14:18 Conclusion
RESOURCES
Here is a list of the resources that I’ve used to produce this video. (Author(s): title resource)
- Dale Purves: Neuroscience (6th edition)
- Eric Kandel: Principles of neural science (6th edition)
- Lodish: Molecular Cell Biology (9th edition)
- Niswender, Colleen M, and P Jeffrey Conn: Metabotropic glutamate Receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease
- Bünemann, M et al: Activation and deactivation kinetics of alpha 2A- and alpha 2C-adrenergic receptor-activated G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ channel currents
- Howlett, Allyn C et al: CB(1) cannabinoid receptors and their associated proteins
- Morris, R G: D.O. Hebb: The Organization of Behavior, Wiley: New York; 1949
- Stent, G S: A physiological mechanism fo Hebb’s postulate of learning
To have more information on these resources, you can refer to the conclusion section where a more formal citation is provided.
CREDITS
Writing: Tal Klimenko
Voice: Tal Klimenko
Animations: Tal Klimenko
Drawings: Tal Klimenko
Editing: Tal Klimenko
Introductory jingle: Thierry Du Sablond
Conclusion music: lukrembo - sunflower (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoL_cSU1Xtw)
https://wn.com/Gaba_Transmitter_System_Synaptic_Inhibition_Explained_(Shunting_Inhibition,_Gabaa,_Gabab)_|_Clip
Welcome to Science With Tal!
In this video, we will cover the neurotransmitter: GABA. More precisely, we will cover its synthesis pathway, its ionotropic receptor (GABAa) & metabotropic receptor (GABAb). GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS so it is important to understand its properties. Throughout this discussion, we will discuss how GABA inhibits cells including the process of shunting inhibition.
This conversation on neurons in the CNS derives from important concepts that are described in two previous full discussions:
1- To watch the first part (Signal propagation in the Neuron), make sure to go to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2gma7gsq6g&feature=youtu.be&themeRefresh=1
2- To watch the second (The Neuromuscular Junction as the model of the chemical synapse) make sure to go to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpSVGwID7ck
To improve the quality of my content, I highly value the feedback from the viewer so do not hesitate to give any feedback in the comment section.
TIMESTAMPS
0:00 Introduction
0:15 Synthesis & reuptake
3:18 Ionotropic channel structure & mechanism (GABAa)
11:17 Metabotropic channel (GABAb)
12:50 3 forms of inhibition
13:33 Word on glycine
14:18 Conclusion
RESOURCES
Here is a list of the resources that I’ve used to produce this video. (Author(s): title resource)
- Dale Purves: Neuroscience (6th edition)
- Eric Kandel: Principles of neural science (6th edition)
- Lodish: Molecular Cell Biology (9th edition)
- Niswender, Colleen M, and P Jeffrey Conn: Metabotropic glutamate Receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease
- Bünemann, M et al: Activation and deactivation kinetics of alpha 2A- and alpha 2C-adrenergic receptor-activated G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ channel currents
- Howlett, Allyn C et al: CB(1) cannabinoid receptors and their associated proteins
- Morris, R G: D.O. Hebb: The Organization of Behavior, Wiley: New York; 1949
- Stent, G S: A physiological mechanism fo Hebb’s postulate of learning
To have more information on these resources, you can refer to the conclusion section where a more formal citation is provided.
CREDITS
Writing: Tal Klimenko
Voice: Tal Klimenko
Animations: Tal Klimenko
Drawings: Tal Klimenko
Editing: Tal Klimenko
Introductory jingle: Thierry Du Sablond
Conclusion music: lukrembo - sunflower (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoL_cSU1Xtw)
- published: 05 Apr 2023
- views: 13297
8:21
Pharmacology - BENZODIAZEPINES, BARBITURATES, HYPNOTICS (MADE EASY)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:21
- Uploaded Date: 17 Sep 2018
- views: 935720
👉📖 READY TO ACE YOUR EXAM? 📚 GET STUDY NOTES ON PATREON!
https://www.patreon.com/speedpharmacology
Benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and sedative-hypnotics are ce...
👉📖 READY TO ACE YOUR EXAM? 📚 GET STUDY NOTES ON PATREON!
https://www.patreon.com/speedpharmacology
Benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and sedative-hypnotics are central nervous system depressants that work by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), resulting in anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. This pharmacology lecture covers topics such as pathophysiology of anxiety and insomnia, role of GABA in the central nervous system, structure and function of GABA-A receptor, limbic system, mechanism of action and side effects of benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics. Drugs mentioned include; Alprazolam, Chlordiazepoxide, Clonazepam, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Temazepam, Pentobarbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital, Zolpidem, Zaleplon, and Eszopiclone.
Thanks for watching and don't forget to SUBSCRIBE, hit the LIKE button👍 and click the BELL button🔔 for future notifications!!!
0:00 Intro
0:28 GABA and its receptors
2:18 Limbic system
3:34 Benzodiazepines
5:18 Barbiturates
6:57 Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics
https://wn.com/Pharmacology_Benzodiazepines,_Barbiturates,_Hypnotics_(Made_Easy)
👉📖 READY TO ACE YOUR EXAM? 📚 GET STUDY NOTES ON PATREON!
https://www.patreon.com/speedpharmacology
Benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and sedative-hypnotics are central nervous system depressants that work by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), resulting in anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. This pharmacology lecture covers topics such as pathophysiology of anxiety and insomnia, role of GABA in the central nervous system, structure and function of GABA-A receptor, limbic system, mechanism of action and side effects of benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics. Drugs mentioned include; Alprazolam, Chlordiazepoxide, Clonazepam, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Temazepam, Pentobarbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital, Zolpidem, Zaleplon, and Eszopiclone.
Thanks for watching and don't forget to SUBSCRIBE, hit the LIKE button👍 and click the BELL button🔔 for future notifications!!!
0:00 Intro
0:28 GABA and its receptors
2:18 Limbic system
3:34 Benzodiazepines
5:18 Barbiturates
6:57 Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics
- published: 17 Sep 2018
- views: 935720
9:24
The GABAa Receptor & Positive Allosteric Modulation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:24
- Uploaded Date: 11 Oct 2017
- views: 9150
⚡ Welcome to Catalyst University! I am Kevin Tokoph, PT, DPT.
I hope you enjoy the video! Please leave a like and subscribe! 🙏
INSTAGRAM | @thecatalystunivers...
⚡ Welcome to Catalyst University! I am Kevin Tokoph, PT, DPT.
I hope you enjoy the video! Please leave a like and subscribe! 🙏
INSTAGRAM | @thecatalystuniversity
Follow me on Instagram @thecatalystuniversity for additional helpful content and for my more fun side: Pets, Workouts, Dragon Ball Z
SleepPhones® | Need to Relax? Ocean waves, ASMR, Rainstorms, and Theta Waves while you sleep with SleepPhones® at this link: https://www.sleepphones.com/?aff=394 - Use the Coupon Code, “CatalystRelax”, at the checkout for some awesome savings.
More details here in my new video: https://youtu.be/qcVFzpO-xC8
MERCHANDISE
Be sure to check out custom Catalyst University merchandise!
LINK | https://teespring.com/stores/catalyst-university-store-2
PATREON
LINK | https://www.patreon.com/catalystuniversity
https://wn.com/The_Gabaa_Receptor_Positive_Allosteric_Modulation
⚡ Welcome to Catalyst University! I am Kevin Tokoph, PT, DPT.
I hope you enjoy the video! Please leave a like and subscribe! 🙏
INSTAGRAM | @thecatalystuniversity
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- published: 11 Oct 2017
- views: 9150
4:04
Drugs Acting on GABA-A Receptor (Mechanisms)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Uploaded Date: 22 Dec 2017
- views: 18485
Explore our entire animation video library at: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/
All videos from central nervous system pharmacology: https://www.nonstopneuron.com...
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All videos from central nervous system pharmacology: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/post/pharmacology-central-nervous-system
In this video, I am briefing mechanisms of various drugs acting on GABA-A receptor. Main drug groups are benzodiazepines and barbiturates.
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Explore our entire animation video library at: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/
All videos from central nervous system pharmacology: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/post/pharmacology-central-nervous-system
In this video, I am briefing mechanisms of various drugs acting on GABA-A receptor. Main drug groups are benzodiazepines and barbiturates.
● Follow me at:
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• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/NonstopNeuron/
- published: 22 Dec 2017
- views: 18485
1:29
Neuroscience Basics: GABA and Glutamate, Animation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:29
- Uploaded Date: 24 Apr 2017
- views: 259072
Basics of inhibitory and excitatory networks of the brain.
Purchase a license to download a non-watermarked version of this video on AlilaMedicalMedia(dot)com...
Basics of inhibitory and excitatory networks of the brain.
Purchase a license to download a non-watermarked version of this video on AlilaMedicalMedia(dot)com
Check out our new Alila Academy - AlilaAcademy(dot)com - complete video courses with quizzes, PDFs, and downloadable images.
Voice by: Sue Stern
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
The brain is a complex network of billions of neurons. Neurons can be excitatory or inhibitory. Excitatory neurons stimulate others to respond and transmit electrical messages, while inhibitory neurons SUPPRESS responsiveness, preventing excessive firing. Responsiveness or excitability of a neuron is determined by the value of electrical voltage across its membrane. Basically, a neuron is MORE responsive when it has more POSITIVE charges inside; and is LESS responsive when it becomes more NEGATIVE.
GABA is a major INHIBITORY neurotransmitter. Upon binding, it triggers GABA receptors, ligand-gated chloride channels, to open and allow chloride ions to flow into the neuron, making it more NEGATIVE and LESS likely to respond to new stimuli.
Glutamate receptors, another type of ion channel, upon binding by glutamate, open to allow POSITIVELY-charged ions into the cell, making it more POSITIVE and MORE likely to generate electrical signals.
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
https://wn.com/Neuroscience_Basics_Gaba_And_Glutamate,_Animation
Basics of inhibitory and excitatory networks of the brain.
Purchase a license to download a non-watermarked version of this video on AlilaMedicalMedia(dot)com
Check out our new Alila Academy - AlilaAcademy(dot)com - complete video courses with quizzes, PDFs, and downloadable images.
Voice by: Sue Stern
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
The brain is a complex network of billions of neurons. Neurons can be excitatory or inhibitory. Excitatory neurons stimulate others to respond and transmit electrical messages, while inhibitory neurons SUPPRESS responsiveness, preventing excessive firing. Responsiveness or excitability of a neuron is determined by the value of electrical voltage across its membrane. Basically, a neuron is MORE responsive when it has more POSITIVE charges inside; and is LESS responsive when it becomes more NEGATIVE.
GABA is a major INHIBITORY neurotransmitter. Upon binding, it triggers GABA receptors, ligand-gated chloride channels, to open and allow chloride ions to flow into the neuron, making it more NEGATIVE and LESS likely to respond to new stimuli.
Glutamate receptors, another type of ion channel, upon binding by glutamate, open to allow POSITIVELY-charged ions into the cell, making it more POSITIVE and MORE likely to generate electrical signals.
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
- published: 24 Apr 2017
- views: 259072
58:51
GABAA receptor membrane dynamics and the tuning of inhibitory synapses
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:51
- Uploaded Date: 14 Mar 2014
- views: 1563
Josef Kittler (University College London, UK) delivers The Physiological Society's GSK Prize Lecture 2010
Josef Kittler (University College London, UK) delivers The Physiological Society's GSK Prize Lecture 2010
https://wn.com/Gabaa_Receptor_Membrane_Dynamics_And_The_Tuning_Of_Inhibitory_Synapses
Josef Kittler (University College London, UK) delivers The Physiological Society's GSK Prize Lecture 2010
- published: 14 Mar 2014
- views: 1563
2:00
2-Minute Neuroscience: Benzodiazepines
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:00
- Uploaded Date: 10 Nov 2017
- views: 566811
Benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders and sleep disorders. They are thought to exert their effects in the brain by acting at receptors fo...
Benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders and sleep disorders. They are thought to exert their effects in the brain by acting at receptors for the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. In this video, I cover the the mechanism of action for benzodiazepines.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss benzodiazepines.
Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs named for their chemical structure that are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders and sleep-related disorders. They include well-known drugs like valium, xanax, and klonopin. There are dozens of drugs in the benzodiazepine class, but the mechanism by which they all exert their effects is thought to be similar.
The sedating and anxiety-reducing effects of benzodiazepines are believed to be attributable to the drugs’ actions at receptors for the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyic acid, or GABA. In particular, benzodiazepines act at a subtype of GABA receptors called the GABAa receptor; GABAa receptors that also bind benzodiazepines are sometimes called benzodiazepine receptors.
When benzodiazepines bind, or attach, to the GABA receptor, they bind at a location separate from where GABA itself binds, and exert an influence over GABA binding. This type of action is called an allosteric effect, and in the case of benzodiazepines it results in increased action at the GABA receptor. There is not complete consensus on exactly how benzodiazepine binding affects activity at the GABA receptor but there is evidence to suggest that it increases the likelihood that GABA binding will activate the receptor and/or increases the effect that GABA has when it binds to the receptor.
That effect is to open an ion channel and allow the passage of negatively charged chloride ions into the neuron. This influx of negatively charged ions pushes the membrane potential further from zero, or hyperpolarizes it, and makes it less likely the neuron will fire an action potential. This type of neural inhibition is the basis for the effects of benzodiazepines, for by inhibiting the activity of neurons that make up networks involved with anxiety and arousal, the drugs are able to produce calming effects.
REFERENCES:
Gielen MC, Lumb MJ, Smart TG. Benzodiazepines modulate GABAA receptors by regulating the preactivation step after GABA binding. J Neurosci. 2012 Apr 25;32(17):5707-15. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5663-11.2012.
Möhler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U. A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jan;300(1):2-8.
https://wn.com/2_Minute_Neuroscience_Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders and sleep disorders. They are thought to exert their effects in the brain by acting at receptors for the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. In this video, I cover the the mechanism of action for benzodiazepines.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss benzodiazepines.
Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs named for their chemical structure that are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders and sleep-related disorders. They include well-known drugs like valium, xanax, and klonopin. There are dozens of drugs in the benzodiazepine class, but the mechanism by which they all exert their effects is thought to be similar.
The sedating and anxiety-reducing effects of benzodiazepines are believed to be attributable to the drugs’ actions at receptors for the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyic acid, or GABA. In particular, benzodiazepines act at a subtype of GABA receptors called the GABAa receptor; GABAa receptors that also bind benzodiazepines are sometimes called benzodiazepine receptors.
When benzodiazepines bind, or attach, to the GABA receptor, they bind at a location separate from where GABA itself binds, and exert an influence over GABA binding. This type of action is called an allosteric effect, and in the case of benzodiazepines it results in increased action at the GABA receptor. There is not complete consensus on exactly how benzodiazepine binding affects activity at the GABA receptor but there is evidence to suggest that it increases the likelihood that GABA binding will activate the receptor and/or increases the effect that GABA has when it binds to the receptor.
That effect is to open an ion channel and allow the passage of negatively charged chloride ions into the neuron. This influx of negatively charged ions pushes the membrane potential further from zero, or hyperpolarizes it, and makes it less likely the neuron will fire an action potential. This type of neural inhibition is the basis for the effects of benzodiazepines, for by inhibiting the activity of neurons that make up networks involved with anxiety and arousal, the drugs are able to produce calming effects.
REFERENCES:
Gielen MC, Lumb MJ, Smart TG. Benzodiazepines modulate GABAA receptors by regulating the preactivation step after GABA binding. J Neurosci. 2012 Apr 25;32(17):5707-15. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5663-11.2012.
Möhler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U. A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jan;300(1):2-8.
- published: 10 Nov 2017
- views: 566811
1:59
2-Minute Neuroscience: GABA
In this video I discuss the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. GABA is the...
published: 18 Feb 2018
2-Minute Neuroscience: GABA
2-Minute Neuroscience: GABA
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- published: 18 Feb 2018
- views: 573733
In this video I discuss the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human nervous system; its effects generally involve making neurons less likely to fire action potentials or release neurotransmitters. GABA acts at both ionotropic (GABAa) and metabotropic (GABAb) receptors, and its action is terminated by a transporter called the GABA transporter. Several drugs like alcohol and benzodiazepines cause increased GABA activity, which is associated with sedative effects.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA.
Although GABA’s primary functions are as a neurotransmitter, it has the structure of an amino acid and thus is referred to as an amino acid neurotransmitter. It is synthesized from another amino acid neurotransmitter, glutamate, in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase.
The function of GABA changes over the course of neural development, but in the mature brain it acts primarily as an inhibitory neurotransmitter; in other words when GABA interacts with the receptors of a neuron, it generally makes the neuron less likely to fire an action potential or release neurotransmitters.
There are two types of receptors GABA interacts with, GABAa and GABAb receptors. GABAa receptors are ionotropic receptors. When GABA binds to the GABAa receptor, it causes the opening of an associated ion channel that is permeable to the negatively charged ion chloride. When negative chloride ions flow into the neuron, they hyperpolarize the membrane potential of the neuron and make it less likely the neuron will fire an action potential. GABAb receptors are metabotropic (or g-protein coupled) receptors; when activated they frequently cause the opening of potassium channels. These channels allow positively charged potassium ions to flow out of the neuron, again making the neuron hyperpolarized and less likely to fire an action potential.
The actions of GABA are terminated by proteins called GABA transporters, which transport GABA from the synaptic cleft into neurons or glial cells where it is degraded primarily by mitochondrial enzymes.
Because GABA can reduce neural transmission, increased GABA activity can have sedative effects. Accordingly, a number of drugs that have such effects, like alcohol and benzodiazepines, increase activity at the GABA receptor.
REFERENCE:
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, Lamantia AS, McNamara JO, White LE. Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sunderland, MA. Sinauer Associates; 2008.
2:20
Neuroscience Basics: GABA Receptors and GABA Drugs, Animation
Mechanism of action of GABA-A, GABA-B and GABA-C. Allosteric modulators. Action of Benzodi...
published: 24 Apr 2017
Neuroscience Basics: GABA Receptors and GABA Drugs, Animation
Neuroscience Basics: GABA Receptors and GABA Drugs, Animation
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- published: 24 Apr 2017
- views: 371909
Mechanism of action of GABA-A, GABA-B and GABA-C. Allosteric modulators. Action of Benzodiazepines (benzos) and Flumazenil.
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Voice by: Sue Stern
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA, is the primary INHIBITORY neurotransmitter in the mature brain. It REDUCES neuronal activity of target cells through its binding to GABA receptors present on the cell surface. Nearly half of all synapses of the brain express some kind of GABA receptor and are thus responsive to GABA. There are at least 3 types of GABA receptors: GABA-A, GABA-B and GABA-C. GABA-A and GABA-C are ligand-gated chloride channels. Upon transmitter binding, they open and allow chloride ions to flow into the neuron, making it more NEGATIVE, or HYPER-polarized, and thus LESS likely to generate action potentials. GABA-B acts through a G-protein to activate potassium channels, which allow positively-charged potassium to flow OUT of the cell, again resulting in membrane HYPER-polarization and a subsequent decrease in neuron responsiveness.
GABA is believed to play a major role in controlling neuronal hyperactivity associated with fear, anxiety and convulsions.
GABA-A receptor is composed of 5 protein subunits. In addition to binding sites for GABA, it has allosteric binding sites for other substances known as GABA modulators. These are molecules that can INCREASE or DECREASE the action of GABA, but have no effect in the absence of GABA.
For example, benzodiazepines, a class of drugs used to treat anxiety, bind to GABA-A receptor and facilitate its binding to GABA, thus potentiating GABA inhibitory effect. Other positive modulators include barbiturates, alcohol, propofol, among others.
Examples of negative modulators are convulsants, such as Flumazenil. Flumazenil reverses the effects of benzodiazepines by competing with them at the same binding site on GABA-A.
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
6:11
GABA Receptor( BZD) - Structure and Mechanism of Action
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published: 21 Jun 2015
GABA Receptor( BZD) - Structure and Mechanism of Action
GABA Receptor( BZD) - Structure and Mechanism of Action
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15:01
GABA Transmitter System & Synaptic Inhibition Explained (Shunting Inhibition, GABAa, GABAb) | Clip
Welcome to Science With Tal!
In this video, we will cover the neurotransmitter: GABA. Mor...
published: 05 Apr 2023
GABA Transmitter System & Synaptic Inhibition Explained (Shunting Inhibition, GABAa, GABAb) | Clip
GABA Transmitter System & Synaptic Inhibition Explained (Shunting Inhibition, GABAa, GABAb) | Clip
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- published: 05 Apr 2023
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Welcome to Science With Tal!
In this video, we will cover the neurotransmitter: GABA. More precisely, we will cover its synthesis pathway, its ionotropic receptor (GABAa) & metabotropic receptor (GABAb). GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS so it is important to understand its properties. Throughout this discussion, we will discuss how GABA inhibits cells including the process of shunting inhibition.
This conversation on neurons in the CNS derives from important concepts that are described in two previous full discussions:
1- To watch the first part (Signal propagation in the Neuron), make sure to go to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2gma7gsq6g&feature=youtu.be&themeRefresh=1
2- To watch the second (The Neuromuscular Junction as the model of the chemical synapse) make sure to go to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpSVGwID7ck
To improve the quality of my content, I highly value the feedback from the viewer so do not hesitate to give any feedback in the comment section.
TIMESTAMPS
0:00 Introduction
0:15 Synthesis & reuptake
3:18 Ionotropic channel structure & mechanism (GABAa)
11:17 Metabotropic channel (GABAb)
12:50 3 forms of inhibition
13:33 Word on glycine
14:18 Conclusion
RESOURCES
Here is a list of the resources that I’ve used to produce this video. (Author(s): title resource)
- Dale Purves: Neuroscience (6th edition)
- Eric Kandel: Principles of neural science (6th edition)
- Lodish: Molecular Cell Biology (9th edition)
- Niswender, Colleen M, and P Jeffrey Conn: Metabotropic glutamate Receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease
- Bünemann, M et al: Activation and deactivation kinetics of alpha 2A- and alpha 2C-adrenergic receptor-activated G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ channel currents
- Howlett, Allyn C et al: CB(1) cannabinoid receptors and their associated proteins
- Morris, R G: D.O. Hebb: The Organization of Behavior, Wiley: New York; 1949
- Stent, G S: A physiological mechanism fo Hebb’s postulate of learning
To have more information on these resources, you can refer to the conclusion section where a more formal citation is provided.
CREDITS
Writing: Tal Klimenko
Voice: Tal Klimenko
Animations: Tal Klimenko
Drawings: Tal Klimenko
Editing: Tal Klimenko
Introductory jingle: Thierry Du Sablond
Conclusion music: lukrembo - sunflower (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoL_cSU1Xtw)
8:21
Pharmacology - BENZODIAZEPINES, BARBITURATES, HYPNOTICS (MADE EASY)
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published: 17 Sep 2018
Pharmacology - BENZODIAZEPINES, BARBITURATES, HYPNOTICS (MADE EASY)
Pharmacology - BENZODIAZEPINES, BARBITURATES, HYPNOTICS (MADE EASY)
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Benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and sedative-hypnotics are central nervous system depressants that work by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), resulting in anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. This pharmacology lecture covers topics such as pathophysiology of anxiety and insomnia, role of GABA in the central nervous system, structure and function of GABA-A receptor, limbic system, mechanism of action and side effects of benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics. Drugs mentioned include; Alprazolam, Chlordiazepoxide, Clonazepam, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Temazepam, Pentobarbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital, Zolpidem, Zaleplon, and Eszopiclone.
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0:00 Intro
0:28 GABA and its receptors
2:18 Limbic system
3:34 Benzodiazepines
5:18 Barbiturates
6:57 Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics
9:24
The GABAa Receptor & Positive Allosteric Modulation
⚡ Welcome to Catalyst University! I am Kevin Tokoph, PT, DPT.
I hope you enjoy the video!...
published: 11 Oct 2017
The GABAa Receptor & Positive Allosteric Modulation
The GABAa Receptor & Positive Allosteric Modulation
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- published: 11 Oct 2017
- views: 9150
⚡ Welcome to Catalyst University! I am Kevin Tokoph, PT, DPT.
I hope you enjoy the video! Please leave a like and subscribe! 🙏
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Follow me on Instagram @thecatalystuniversity for additional helpful content and for my more fun side: Pets, Workouts, Dragon Ball Z
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4:04
Drugs Acting on GABA-A Receptor (Mechanisms)
Explore our entire animation video library at: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/
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published: 22 Dec 2017
Drugs Acting on GABA-A Receptor (Mechanisms)
Drugs Acting on GABA-A Receptor (Mechanisms)
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- published: 22 Dec 2017
- views: 18485
Explore our entire animation video library at: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/
All videos from central nervous system pharmacology: https://www.nonstopneuron.com/post/pharmacology-central-nervous-system
In this video, I am briefing mechanisms of various drugs acting on GABA-A receptor. Main drug groups are benzodiazepines and barbiturates.
● Follow me at:
• Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NonstopNeuron
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1:29
Neuroscience Basics: GABA and Glutamate, Animation
Basics of inhibitory and excitatory networks of the brain.
Purchase a license to downloa...
published: 24 Apr 2017
Neuroscience Basics: GABA and Glutamate, Animation
Neuroscience Basics: GABA and Glutamate, Animation
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- published: 24 Apr 2017
- views: 259072
Basics of inhibitory and excitatory networks of the brain.
Purchase a license to download a non-watermarked version of this video on AlilaMedicalMedia(dot)com
Check out our new Alila Academy - AlilaAcademy(dot)com - complete video courses with quizzes, PDFs, and downloadable images.
Voice by: Sue Stern
©Alila Medical Media. All rights reserved.
The brain is a complex network of billions of neurons. Neurons can be excitatory or inhibitory. Excitatory neurons stimulate others to respond and transmit electrical messages, while inhibitory neurons SUPPRESS responsiveness, preventing excessive firing. Responsiveness or excitability of a neuron is determined by the value of electrical voltage across its membrane. Basically, a neuron is MORE responsive when it has more POSITIVE charges inside; and is LESS responsive when it becomes more NEGATIVE.
GABA is a major INHIBITORY neurotransmitter. Upon binding, it triggers GABA receptors, ligand-gated chloride channels, to open and allow chloride ions to flow into the neuron, making it more NEGATIVE and LESS likely to respond to new stimuli.
Glutamate receptors, another type of ion channel, upon binding by glutamate, open to allow POSITIVELY-charged ions into the cell, making it more POSITIVE and MORE likely to generate electrical signals.
All images/videos by Alila Medical Media are for information purposes ONLY and are NOT intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
58:51
GABAA receptor membrane dynamics and the tuning of inhibitory synapses
Josef Kittler (University College London, UK) delivers The Physiological Society's GSK Pri...
published: 14 Mar 2014
GABAA receptor membrane dynamics and the tuning of inhibitory synapses
GABAA receptor membrane dynamics and the tuning of inhibitory synapses
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- published: 14 Mar 2014
- views: 1563
Josef Kittler (University College London, UK) delivers The Physiological Society's GSK Prize Lecture 2010
2:00
2-Minute Neuroscience: Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders and sleep disorders. They are...
published: 10 Nov 2017
2-Minute Neuroscience: Benzodiazepines
2-Minute Neuroscience: Benzodiazepines
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- published: 10 Nov 2017
- views: 566811
Benzodiazepines are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders and sleep disorders. They are thought to exert their effects in the brain by acting at receptors for the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. In this video, I cover the the mechanism of action for benzodiazepines.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss benzodiazepines.
Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs named for their chemical structure that are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders and sleep-related disorders. They include well-known drugs like valium, xanax, and klonopin. There are dozens of drugs in the benzodiazepine class, but the mechanism by which they all exert their effects is thought to be similar.
The sedating and anxiety-reducing effects of benzodiazepines are believed to be attributable to the drugs’ actions at receptors for the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyic acid, or GABA. In particular, benzodiazepines act at a subtype of GABA receptors called the GABAa receptor; GABAa receptors that also bind benzodiazepines are sometimes called benzodiazepine receptors.
When benzodiazepines bind, or attach, to the GABA receptor, they bind at a location separate from where GABA itself binds, and exert an influence over GABA binding. This type of action is called an allosteric effect, and in the case of benzodiazepines it results in increased action at the GABA receptor. There is not complete consensus on exactly how benzodiazepine binding affects activity at the GABA receptor but there is evidence to suggest that it increases the likelihood that GABA binding will activate the receptor and/or increases the effect that GABA has when it binds to the receptor.
That effect is to open an ion channel and allow the passage of negatively charged chloride ions into the neuron. This influx of negatively charged ions pushes the membrane potential further from zero, or hyperpolarizes it, and makes it less likely the neuron will fire an action potential. This type of neural inhibition is the basis for the effects of benzodiazepines, for by inhibiting the activity of neurons that make up networks involved with anxiety and arousal, the drugs are able to produce calming effects.
REFERENCES:
Gielen MC, Lumb MJ, Smart TG. Benzodiazepines modulate GABAA receptors by regulating the preactivation step after GABA binding. J Neurosci. 2012 Apr 25;32(17):5707-15. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5663-11.2012.
Möhler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U. A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jan;300(1):2-8.
GABAA receptor
The GABAA receptor (GABAAR) is an ionotropic receptor and ligand-gated ion channel. Its endogenous ligand is γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Upon activation, the GABAA receptor selectively conducts Cl− through its pore, resulting in hyperpolarization of the neuron. This causes an inhibitory effect on neurotransmission by diminishing the chance of a successful action potential occurring. The reversal potential of the GABAA-mediated IPSP in normal solution is −70 mV, contrasting the GABAB IPSP.
The active site of the GABAA receptor is the binding site for GABA and several drugs such as muscimol, gaboxadol, and bicuculline. The protein also contains a number of different allosteric binding sites which modulate the activity of the receptor indirectly. These allosteric sites are the targets of various other drugs, including the benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepines, neuroactive steroids, barbiturates, ethanol,inhaled anaesthetics, and picrotoxin, among others.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/GABAA_receptor
2-Minute Neuroscience: GABA...
Neuroscience Basics: GABA Receptors and GABA Drugs...
GABA Receptor( BZD) - Structure and Mechanism of A...
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Latest News for: gabaa receptor
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Postpartum Depression Therapeutics Market Size in the 7MM was ~USD 260 Million in 2023, is ...
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Seaport Therapeutics Presents Additional Data from Phase 1 Study of SPT-300 at ACNP Annual Meeting 2024
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Understanding paralogous epilepsy–associated GABAA receptor variants: Clinical implications, mechanisms, and potential pitfalls
SignificancePathogenic variants in γ-aminobutyric acid type A ...
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Hepatic Encephalopathy Market Report 2034: Epidemiology Data, Pipeline Therapies, Latest FDA, EMA, PDMA Approvals by ...
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One-step nanoscale expansion microscopy: From molecule to 3D structure with a conventional microscope
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Epilepsy Pipeline Insights, Clinical Trials, Treatment Drugs, and Companies 2024
Darigabat, formerly CVL-865, is a subtype selective positive allosteric modulator that targets GABAA receptors containing α2/3/5 subunits.
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Major Depressive Disorder Pipeline Drugs, FDA Approvals, Companies 2024 | GH Research, Praxis Precision Medicines, ...
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Postpartum Depression Drugs Market Size Report 2034 | Pfizer, Sage Therapeutics, Lipocine Inc, Eli Lilly ...
SAGE-217 has been optimized for selectivity to synaptic and extrasynaptic type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA ) receptors and a pharmacokinetic profile that is intended for daily oral dosing.
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GABAA receptor subunit composition regulates circadian rhythms in rest–wake and synchrony among cells in the ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 31, July 2024 ... .
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Essential Tremor Pipeline Analysis 2024 | Clinical Trials, Latest Approvals, Treatment Outlook, Therapies, Key Companies ...
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Postpartum Depression Market Size was estimated to be USD 260 million in 2023, estimated DelveInsight
SAGE-217 has been optimized for selectivity to synaptic and extrasynaptic type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA ) receptors and a pharmacokinetic profile that is intended for daily oral dosing.
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PureTech Founded Entity Seaport Therapeutics Presents Data from Multiple SPT-300 Trials at Society of Biological Psychiatry (SOBP) Annual Meeting
SPT-300 also demonstrated oral bioavailability, tolerability and γ-aminobutyric-acid type A (GABAA) receptor target engagement in healthy volunteers in a Phase 1 clinical trial.
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Major Depressive Disorder Market Size in the 7MM is expected to Grow by 2034, estimates DelveInsight
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Ayahuasca reduces pain in mice without detectable toxic effects
The antinociceptive effects of ayahuasca seem to be at least partially mediated by descending pain inhibitory pathways and involve serotonergic and GABAA receptors.
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