EXPRESS is a standard data modelinglanguage for product data. EXPRESS is formalized in the ISO Standard for the Exchange of Product model STEP (ISO 10303), and standardized as ISO 10303-11.
Overview
Data models formally define data objects and relationships among data objects for a domain of interest. Some typical applications of data models include supporting the development of databases and enabling the exchange of data for a particular area of interest. Data models are specified in a data modeling language. EXPRESS is a data modeling language defined in ISO 10303-11, the EXPRESS Language Reference Manual.
An EXPRESS data model can be defined in two ways, textually and graphically. For formal verification and as input for tools such as SDAI the textual representation within an ASCII file is the most important one. The graphical representation on the other hand is often more suitable for human use such as explanation and tutorials. The graphical representation, called EXPRESS-G, is not able to represent all details that can be formulated in the textual form.
Data modeling is a process used to define and analyze data requirements needed to support the business processes within the scope of corresponding information systems in organizations. Therefore, the process of data modeling involves professional data modellers working closely with business stakeholders, as well as potential users of the information system.
There are three different types of data models produced while progressing from requirements to the actual database to be used for the information system. The data requirements are initially recorded as a conceptual data model which is essentially a set of technology independent specifications about the data and is used to discuss initial requirements with the business stakeholders. The conceptual model is then translated into a logical data model, which documents structures of the data that can be implemented in databases. Implementation of one conceptual data model may require multiple logical data models. The last step in data modeling is transforming the logical data model to a physical data model that organizes the data into tables, and accounts for access, performance and storage details. Data modeling defines not just data elements, but also their structures and the relationships between them.
Under the editorship of Yale linguist Bernard Bloch, Language was the vehicle for publication of many of the important articles of American structural linguistics during the second quarter of the 20th century, and was the journal in which many of the most important subsequent developments in linguistics played themselves out.
One of the most famous articles to appear in Language was the scathing 1959 review by the young Noam Chomsky of the book Verbal Behavior by the behavioristcognitive psychologistB. F. Skinner. This article argued that Behaviorist psychology, then a dominant paradigm in linguistics (as in psychology at large), had no hope of explaining complex phenomena like language. It followed by two years another book review that is almost as famous—the glowingly positive assessment of Chomsky's own 1957 book Syntactic Structures by Robert B. Lees that put Chomsky and his generative grammar on the intellectual map as the successor to American structuralism.
Buryat (Buriat) /ˈbʊriæt/ (Buryat Cyrillic: буряад хэлэн; buryaad khelen) is a variety of Mongolic spoken by the Buryats that is classified either as a language or as a major dialect group of Mongolian. The majority of Buryat speakers live in Russia along the northern border of Mongolia where it is an official language in the Buryat Republic, Ust-Orda Buryatia and Aga Buryatia. In the Russian census of 2002, 353,113 people out of an ethnic population of 445,175 reported speaking Buryat (72.3%). Some other 15,694 can also speak Buryat, mostly ethnic Russians. There are at least 100,000 ethnic Buryats in Mongolia and the People's Republic of China as well. Buryats in Russia have a separate literary standard, written in a Cyrillic alphabet. It is based on the Russian alphabet with three additional letters: Ү/ү, Ө/ө and Һ/һ.
Dialects
The delimitation of Buryat mostly concerns its relationship to its immediate neighbors, Mongolian proper and Khamnigan. While Khamnigan is sometimes regarded as a dialect of Buryat, this is not supported by isoglosses. The same holds for Tsongol and Sartul dialects, which rather group with Khalkha Mongolian to which they historically belong. Buryat dialects are:
Leet (or "1337"), also known as eleet or leetspeak, is an alternative alphabet for many languages that is used primarily on the Internet. It uses various combinations of ASCII characters to replace Latinate letters. For example, leet spellings of the word leet include 1337 and l33t; eleet may be spelled 31337 or 3l33t.
The term leet is derived from the word elite. The leet alphabet is a specialized form of symbolic writing. Leet may also be considered a substitution cipher, although many dialects or linguistic varieties exist in different online communities. The term leet is also used as an adjective to describe formidable prowess or accomplishment, especially in the fields of online gaming and in its original usage – computer hacking.
The Ekspress series of communication satellites (industry code 11F639) was developed by the satellite company NPO PM as a replacement for the old Gorizont series of comsats. The first satellite of the series, Ekspress 1, was launched in 1994. It had a mass of 2.5 tons, 17 channels and an operational lifetime of at 5–7 years.
Starting in the mid-1990s, NPO PM started to make significant effort to close the technology gap between Russian and Western communication satellites. Cooperation with the French company Alcatel (now Thales Alenia Space) was begun in 1995. The first satellite of a new second series, Ekspress A-1, had 12 Alcatel-built transponders. It was lost in a rocket failure in 1999, but a replacement, Ekspress A-2 was successfully launched in March, 2000.
The Express (also: EXPRESS) is a German regional tabloid based in Cologne. It is published daily by DuMont Mediengruppe. The newspaper has local sections for Cologne, Düsseldorf and Bonn. It is also available in the surrounding region (Aachen , Mönchengladbach, Duisburg) without local section. The first edition of Express was published on 29 February 1964.
The newspaper had a circulation of 132.836 in the fourth quarter of 2015. It received several media awards. Among those was the European Newspaper Award 2014 (for newspaper series "Wir leben in Köln") and 2015 (for the special edition "FC Total"). It has a staff of around 70 editors. Editor-in-chief is Carsten Fiedler.
This might sound like a lot, but the files needed are quite small if the data is expressed as templates of questions and answers. We don’t need AI, large language models, massive databases or computing ...
... the fact that every output from the OpenAI LanguageModels is an infringing derivative work, synthesized entirely from expressive information found in the training data," the OpenAI complaint said.
Predictmedix AI specializes in developing advanced AI algorithms and machine learning models that analyze diverse data sets, including facial expressions, vital signs, body language, and other biometric indicators.
She warned against the untrammeled mining of private data as well ... He expressed preference for knowledge models over language models, emphasizing, too, the need to assess the reputation of the provider.
Musk has previously expressed displeasure at artificial intelligence firms like OpenAI, the owner of ChatGPT, using Twitter’s data to train their large language models.
A second-generation language model called PaLM2 will be ...Google said the new model was trained on data in more than 100 languages, including scientific papers and webpages with mathematical expressions.
During a recent interview with CNBC, Sam Altman, the CEO of OpenAI, disclosed that his company has ceased training its large language models, such as GPT, with customer data for a considerable period ...
Currently, in testing with select commercial customers, Copilot combines the power of large language models (LLMs) with business data and the Microsoft365 apps, to unleash creativity, unlock productivity and uplevel skills.
Currently in testing with select commercial customers, Copilot combines the power of large language models (LLMs) with business data and the Microsoft365 apps, to unleash creativity, unlock productivity and uplevel skills.
Eagle-Tribune
10 Jul 2023
Eagle-Tribune
10 Jul 2023