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Digmaang Apgano–Sobyetiko

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Digmaang Apgano–Sobyetiko
Bahagi ng Digmaang Malamig and the Afghan conflict


Petsa24 December 1979 – 15 February 1989
(9 taon, 1 buwan, 3 linggo at 1 araw)
Lookasyon
Apganistan
Resulta Tagumpay ng Apganong Mujahideen
Mga nakipagdigma
Unyong Sobyet Unyong Sobyetiko
Demokratikong Republika ng Apganistan		 Afghan Mujahideen
Afghan Interim Government (from 1988)
Mga kumander at pinuno
Soviet Union:
Afghanistan:
Sunni Mujahideen:
Shia Mujahideen:
Mga sangkot na yunit
Padron:Flagd Soviet Armed Forces
Padron:Flagd KGB
 Sunni MujahideenShia Mujahideen
Lakas
Soviet Union:
  • 620,000 total personnel[7] 115,000 (1986 estimate)[8] 120,000 (1987 estimate)[9]
Afghanistan:
  • 250,000 total personnel (1989, including Sarandoy and Khad)[10]
 Mujahideen:
Mga nasawi at pinsala
Total: 86,470–98,017
Soviet Union:
  • 14,453[14]–26,000 killed
    • 9,500 killed in combat[14]
    • 4,000 died from wounds[14]
    • 1,000 died from disease and accidents[14]
  • 53,753 wounded[14]
  • 264 missing
  • 451 aircraft lost (including 333 helicopters)
  • 147 tanks lost
  • 1,314 IFVs/APCs lost
  • 433 artillery guns and mortars lost
  • 11,369 cargo and fuel tanker trucks lost
Afghanistan:
 Total: 162,579–192,579+
Mujahideen:
  • 150,000–180,000 casualties (tentative estimate)[21]
    • 75,000–90,000 killed
Pakistan:

Total killed: 80,775–95,775+
Civilian casualties (Afghan):
1,500,000–2,000,000 killed[24][25]
3+ million wounded[26]
5+ million externally displaced
2+ million internally displaced
Combatant deaths:
More than 562,995 killed[27]
Total deaths:
Approximately 3 million killed

Ang Digmaang Apgano–Sobyetiko ay sandekadang hidwaang militar na kinasangkutan ng Unyong Sobyetiko na sumuporta sa rehimeng papet nito na Demokratikong Republika ng Apganistan laban sa radikal na Islamikong Mujahdeen. Isa itong digmaang sa pagitan ng mga puwersa ng Unyong Sobyet at ng Islamikong mga tribo ng Apganistan na laban sa pamahalaang Komunistang itinakda ng mga Sobyet. Nakatagpo ng ibang tumatangkilik ang mga mujahideen mula sa samu't saring mga bansa katulad ng Estados Unidos, Nagkakaisang Kaharian, Arabyang Saudi, Pakistan, Ehipto, at iba pang mga nasyong Muslim sa pamamagitan ng konteksto ng Digmaang Malamig. Ang mga puwersang Apgano na antikomunista (laban sa Komunista) ay pangunahing nakakuha ng suporta mula sa Estados Unidos at Pakistan.

Ang unang pagpapadala ng mga sundalong Sobyet (ika-40 Hukbong-Katihan) sa Apganistan ay nagsimula noong 24 Disyembre 1979 sa ilalim ng pinunong Sobyet na si Leonid Brezhnev. Ang panghuling pagtatanggal ng mga tropa ng sundalong Sobyet ay nagsimula noong 15 Mayo 1988, at nagwakas noong 15 Pebrero 1989 sa ilalim ng huling pinunong Sobyet na si Mikhail Gorbachev. Dahil sa napakatagal na kalikasan ng digmaan, ang hidwaan sa Apgranistan ay kadalasang tinutukoy bilang Biyetnam ng mga Sobyet ;[28] ang analohiya ay naghahambing sa gampanin ng Amerika sa Digmaan ng Biyetnam. Maraming mga tao ang napatay o nasugatan sa matagal na digmaang ito. Nasa bandang mga sundalong Sobyet ang namatay, at nasa bandang 35,000 ang sugatan. Nasa bandang 1 milyong mga Apgano ang napaslang.

Sanggunian

[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
  1. ↑ "The top leader is believed to be Maulvi Mohammad Umar Amir, who was born in the village of Nodeh in Kandhar, and is now settled in Singesar. He was wounded four times in the battles against the Soviets and his right eye was permanently damaged. He took part in the "Jehad" under the late Hizb-e-Islami Khalis Commander Nek Mohammad". Indian Defence Review. 10: 33. 1995.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Goodson 2011, p. 190.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Goodson 2011, p. 61.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Goodson 2011, p. 189.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Goodson 2011, p. 62.
  6. ↑ Goodson 2011, p. 63.
  7. ↑ Krivosheev, p. 365
  8. ↑ Nyrop, Richard F.; Seekins, Donald M. (January 1986). Afghanistan: A Country Study (PDF). Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. pp. xviii–xxv. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal (PDF) noong 3 November 2001.
  9. ↑ Borshchevskaya, Anna (2022). "2: The Soviet Union in the Middle East and the Afghanistan Intervention". Putin's War in Syria. 50 Bedford Square, London, WC1B 3DP, UK: I. B. Tauris. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-7556-3463-7. By 1987, the number of Soviet troops reached 120,000.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  10. ↑ Katz, Mark N. (9 March 2011). "Middle East Policy Council | Lessons of the Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan". Mepc.org. Nakuha noong 28 July 2011.
  11. ↑ Rischard, Maxime. "Al Qa'ida's American Connection". Global-Politics.co.uk. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 21 November 2011. Nakuha noong 28 July 2011.
  12. ↑ Kamalian ng Lua na sa Module:Citation/CS1 na nasa linyang 1703: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  13. ↑ "Afghanistan hits Soviet milestone – Army News". Armytimes.com. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 25 May 2012. Nakuha noong 15 February 2012.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Maling banggit (Hindi tamang <ref> tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalang vfw.org); $2
  15. ↑ "Reid, Ogden, (16 May 1882–4 Jan. 1947), Owner and Editor of the New York Herald Tribune", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u230900, nakuha noong 2024-03-02
  16. ↑ SIPRI Yearbook 1989 World Armaments and Disarmament. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 1989. p. 166.
  17. ↑ "Reid, Ogden, (16 May 1882–4 Jan. 1947), Owner and Editor of the New York Herald Tribune", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u230900, nakuha noong 2024-03-02
  18. ↑ SIPRI Yearbook 1989 World Armaments and Disarmament. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 1989. p. 166.
  19. ↑ "Reid, Ogden, (16 May 1882–4 Jan. 1947), Owner and Editor of the New York Herald Tribune", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u230900, nakuha noong 2024-03-02
  20. ↑ SIPRI Yearbook 1989 World Armaments and Disarmament. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 1989. p. 166.
  21. ↑ Giustozzi, Antonio (2000). War, politics and society in Afghanistan, 1978–1992. Hurst. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-85065-396-7. A tentative estimate for total mujahideen losses in 1980–92 may be in the 150–180,000 range, with maybe half of them killed.
  22. ↑ Markovskiy, Victor (1997). "Жаркое небо Афганистана: Часть IX" [Hot Sky of Afghanistan: Part IX]. Авиация и время [Aviation and Time] (in Russian) p.28
  23. ↑ Weisman, Steven R. (2 May 1987). "AFGHANS DOWN A PAKISTANI F-16, SAYING FIGHTER JET CROSSED BORDER". The New York Times. Nakuha noong 2 October 2014.
  24. ↑ Klass 2018, p. 129.
  25. ↑ Goodson 2011, p. 5.
  26. ↑ Hilali, A. (2005). US–Pakistan relationship: Soviet Intervention in Afghanistan. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Co. (p. 198)ISBN 0-7546-4220-8
  27. ↑ Maling banggit (Hindi tamang <ref> tag; walang binigay na teksto para sa refs na may pangalang 562k); $2
  28. ↑ "Archive copy". Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2013-05-11. Nakuha noong 2010-06-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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