Hoppa till innehållet

Huthirebellernas attacker mot kommersiella fartyg i Röda havet

Från Wikipedia
Huthirebellernas attacker mot kommersiella fartyg i Röda havet
Del av Kriget mellan Hamas och Israel (2023-pågående) och inbördeskriget i Jemen (2014–nutid)

Karta över området. Det trånga Bab al-Mandab-sundet utgör en av världshandelns mest sårbara punkter.
Ägde rum 19 oktober 2023 - pågående
(1 år och 29 dagar)
Plats Röda havet, Adenviken, och Jemen
Syfte Huthirebellernas stöd för Hamas under kriget mellan Hamas och Israel
Resultat Pågående
Stridande
Deltagande i attacker mot kommersiella fartyg
Huthirebeller
Iran Iran 		Länder med patrullerande örlogsfartyg:
Operation Prosperity Guardian:
USA USA
Storbritannien Storbritannien
Danmark Danmark
Grekland Grekland
Kanada Kanada
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka
(Flera andra länder skickar enbart personal till insatsen)
Europeiska unionen:
Belgien Belgien
Frankrike Frankrike
Italien Italien
Tyskland Tyskland
Övriga:
Israel Israel
Egypten Egypten
Indien Indien
Saudiarabien Saudiarabien
Kina Kina
Befälhavare och ledare
Abdul Malik al-Huthi
Mahdi al-Mashat
Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour
Iran Ali Khamenei 		USA Joe Biden
Storbritannien Rishi Sunak
Europeiska unionen Ursula von der Leyen
Israel Benjamin Netanyahu
Förluster
32 döda
8 skadade
Iran8 tillfångatagna 		USA2 döda
USA2 drönare nedskjutna
2 kommersiella fartyg kapade, med 25 tillfångatagna besättningsmedlemmar. Åtminstone tio fartyg har skadats, och ett har sänkts.

Under kriget mellan Hamas och Israel genomförde de jemenitiska Huthirebellerna flera attacker mot kommersiella fartyg för att visa sitt stöd för Hamas. Efter att i en månad ha skickat flera missiler mot Israel genomförde man den 19 november 2023 sitt första angrepp mot ett kommersiellt fartyg då man kapade det Bahamas-flaggade fraktskeppet Galaxy leader. Sedan dess har ett tiotal fartyg skadats, varav ett har sänkts. Enligt Huthierna är det Israel-kopplade skepp man angriper, vilket i de flesta fall inte har varit sant.

De upprepade attackerna fick flera stora rederier att leda om sina rutter från Suezkanalen, där cirka 12 % av världshandeln passerar, vilket riskerade att leda till påverkan på den globala ekonomin till följd av ökade transportpriser.[1] För att skydda varutransporterna inledde USA Operation Prosperity Guardian, en USA-ledd koalition där ett tiotal länder deltar. Utöver detta har bland annat EU, Indien, och Kina inlett sina egna insatser i området.

Bakgrund

[redigera | redigera wikitext]

Huthiernas väg till makten i Nordjemen

Huthirebellerna är en Iran-stödd shiamuslimsk organisation verksam i norra Jemen. Efter Jemens enande 1990 hade de goda relationer med den sittande presidenten Ali Abdullah Saleh, men i takt med att rörelsens popularitet ökade växte även motsättningarna med den sittande regeringen. När Saleh sedan stöttade USA:s invasion av Irak, som många jemeniter motsatte sig, organiserade rörelsens ledare Hussein al-Houthi stora demonstrationer runt om i landet vilket ledde till flera månader av oroligheter, vilket slutade med att jeminitiska armén dödade al-Houthi.[2]

Rörelsen levde dock vidare och växte till sig rejält. I samband med arabiska våren 2011 tog man kontrollen över den nordliga provinsen Saada och krävde Salehs avgång. Han lämnade över makten till Abd-Rabbu Mansour Hadi, som dock inte var mycket mer populär än sin företrädare. 2014 tog man kontrollen över delar av huvudstaden Saana, och inbördeskriget var i full rullning, och året därpå stormade man presidentpalatset.[2]

Huthierna idag

Organisationen kallar sig själv för Ansar Allah (أنصار الله Anṣār Allāh, "Anhängare av Gud") och förespråkar en radikal tolkning av Shia-islam. Dess motto är "Gud är störst, död åt USA, död åt Israel, förbannelse över judarna och seger till islam".[3] Den anses beväpnas av Iran, och ingår i landets "axel av motstånd" tillsammans med bland annat Hamas och Hizbollah.[4]

Huthierna under kriget mellan Hamas och Israel

Huthirebellerna har vid upprepade tillfällen hyllat Hamas och fördömt Israel under kriget. Amerikanska stridsfartyg, som skickats till området för att förhindra en eskalering, sköt den 19 oktober ned fyra kryssningsmissiler och 15 drönare på väg från Jemen mot Israel.[5] En missil ska ha skjutits ned av Saudiarabien. Efter flera raket- och drönarattacker mot Israel fick man hela världens ögon på sig när man kapade det Bahamasflaggade fartyget Galaxy Leader, som ägs av ett bolag som kontrolleras av en israelisk affärsman.[6] Man fortsatte sedan med flera missilangrepp mot flera fartyg, vilket gjorde att flera stora rederier ledde om sin trafik från Suezkanalen, något som riskerade att leda till längre och dyrare transportkostnader.[7] Situationen kallades för "en ny Suezkris" av The Economist,[8] och angreppen på kommersiell sjöfart fick omvärlden att reagera, och USA att lansera en internationell koalition mot huthirebellerna.[9]

Deltagande länder och styrkeförhållanden

[redigera | redigera wikitext]

Huthistyrkor

Huthirebellerna, som beväpnas av Iran, har tillgång till flera avancerade Iran-tillverkade vapen. Dessa innefattar kryssningsroboten Quds och den ballistiska missilen Qadr som har en räckvidd på 1 400 respektive 1 900 km.[10] De innehar även drönarna Shahed-136 och Samad-3.[10] De uppskattas ha mellan 100 000-200 000 krigare.[11]

Anti-Huthistyrkor

I den USA-ledda Operation Prosperity Guardian har sex länder bekräftat att de skickar fartyg till Röda havet. USA skickar bland annat hangarfartyget USS Dwight D. Eisenhower, eskorterat av flera jagare av Arleigh Burke-klass.[12][13] Man har även flera drönare till sitt förfogande, däribland MQ-9 Reaper.[14] Storbritannien har skickat fregatterna HMS Diamond och HMS Lancaster samt jagaren HMS Richmond.[15] Danmark och Grekland har bidragit med varsin fregatt.[16][17] Kanada deltar med ett ospecificerat antal stridsfartyg och flygplan.[18] Sri Lanka har skickat ett stridsfartyg till området.[19] Bland de länder som deltar i insatsen med personal men inte med fartyg, återfinns bland annat Norge,[20] Nederländerna,[21] Singapore,[22] Nya Zeeland,[23] Bahrain,[24] och Seychellerna.[25]

I den EU-ledda insatsen Aspides har bland annat Frankrike, Italien, Tyskland, och Belgien aviserat att de tänker skicka fartyg till området.[26] Svenska försvarsmakten kommer att bidra med fyra stabsofficerare, varav en kommer att vara stationerad på ledningsfartyget ute till havs.[27]

Andra länder med militär närvaro i området men som inte ingår i någon internationell insats är bland annat Israel[28], Egypten,[29] Indien,[30] Kina[31] och Saudiarabien[32].

Reaktioner

[redigera | redigera wikitext]

När koalitionen lanserades sade huthirebellerna att de har "kapaciteten att sänka era skepp, era ubåtar och era stridsfartyg" och att Röda havet skulle bli koalitionens "kyrkogård".[33] Såväl Frankrike som Italien, som båda har krigsfartyg i området och som båda uppgavs ingå i operationen, sade att deras fartyg skulle förbli under deras ledning.[34]

Efter att operationen påbörjats annonserade rederiet Maersk den 24 december att de skulle återuppta sina transporter genom Röda havet, men meddelade den 2 januari att de återigen undviker rutten tillsvidare.[35][36]

Lista över attacker mot kommersiella fartyg i Röda havet

[redigera | redigera wikitext]
Fartyg Flagg Datum Attacktyp Detaljer Ref
Galaxy Leader Bahamas Bahamas 19 november 2023 Sjöröveri Kapat: Bordat, kapat och fört till al-Hudayda [37][38]
CMA CGM Symi Malta Malta 24 november 2023 Drönarattack Mindre materiella skador [39]
Unity Explorer Bahamas Bahamas 3 december 2023 Sjömålsrobot Mindre materiella skador [40][41][42][43]
Number 9 Panama Panama 3 december 2023 Sjömålsrobot Mindre materiella skador [40][44]
Sophie II Panama Panama 3 december 2023 Sjömålsrobot Liten till ingen skada [40][45]
Strinda Norge Norge 12 december 2023 Sjömålsrobot, drönarattack Brand ombord och andra skador [46][47]
Ardmore Encounter Marshallöarna Marshallöarna 13 december 2023 Sjöröveri sjömålsrobot, drönarattack Kapningsförsök avvärjt, 2 eller 3 missade robotar samt en nedskjuten drönare [48][49][50]
Maersk Gibraltar Hongkong Hong Kong 14 december 2023 Sjömålsrobot Missil missade [51][52]
Al Jasrah Liberia Liberia 15 december 2023 Drönarattack Brand [53][54][55][56]
MSC Palatium III Liberia Liberia 15 december 2023 Ballistisk missil Brand och andra skador. Vände om. [53][57]
Swan Atlantic Caymanöarna Caymanöarna 18 december 2023 Ballistisk missil, drönarattack Brand [9][58]
MSC Clara Panama Panama 18 december 2023 Drönarattack Missil missade. [59][60][9]
Blaamanen Norge Norge 23 december 2023 Drönarattack Ingen skada [61][62]
Saibaba Gabon Gabon 23 december 2023 Drönarattack Lätta materiella skador [61][63]
MSC United VIII Liberia Liberia 26 december 2023 Missil Ingen skada [64][65]
Maersk Hangzhou Singapore Singapore 30-31 december 2023 Sjömålsrobot, försök till sjöröveri Misslyckat bordningsförsök, lätta materiella skador [66]
St Nikolas Marshallöarna Marshallöarna 11 januari 2024 Sjöröveri Kapat: Bordat och kapat 50 kilometer utanför Oman. Fört mot Iran. [67][68]
Khalissa Panama Panama 11 january 2024 Sjömålsrobot Robot missade. [69][70][71][72]
Gibraltar Eagle Marshallöarna Marshallöarna 15 januari 2024 Anti-ship cruise missile Materiella skador, leddes om. [73][74][75]
Zografia Malta Malta 16 January Ballistisk robot Materiella skador, leddes om. [76][77][78][79]
Genco Picardi Marshallöarna Marshallöarna 17 januari 2024 Drönarattack Mindre materiella skador. [80][81][82][83]
Chem Ranger Marshallöarna Marshallöarna 18 januari 2024 Eventuell sjömålsrobot Oklar attack- och skadebild [84]
Maersk Detroit USA USA 24 januar 2024 Tre missiler Konvoj vänder, Maersk avbryter sina leveranser genom Röda havet tills vidare. [85][86]
Marlin Luanda Marshallöarna Marshallöarna 26 januari 2024 Ballistisk missil Brand. [87][88][89]
Star Nasia MarshallöarnaMarshallöarna 6 februari 2024 Ballistisk missil Lätta materiella skador [90][91][92][93]
Morning Tide Barbados Barbados Ballistisk missil Inga skador.
Star Iris MarshallöarnaMarshallöarna 12 februari 2024 Missil Mindre materiella skador [94][95]
Pollux Panama Panama 16 February 2024 Missil Mindre materiella skador. [96][97][98]
Rubymar Belize Belize 18 februari 2024 Missil Övergivet och sedan sänkt 2 mars. Inga personskador, personal evakuerad till Djibouti. Fartyget orsakar en större oljeläcka vilket resulterar i en miljökatastrof i Röda havet. [99][100][101]
Sea Champion Grekland Grekland 19 februari 2024 Ballistisk missil Lätta materiella skador [102][103][104][105]
Navis Fortuna MarshallöarnaMarshallöarna Drönarattack Mindre materiella skador [106][107][108][109]
MSC Silver II LiberiaLiberia 20 february 2024 Missil Inga skador. [110][111][112]
Islander PalauPalau 22 februari 2024 Ballistisk missil Brand och mindre materiella skador. [113][114][115][116]
Torm Thor USAUSA 24 februari 2024 Ballistisk missil Missil missade. [117][118][119][120]
? MarshallöarnaMarshallöarna 27 februari 2024 Raket Raket missade. [121][122]
MSC Sky II Liberia Liberia 4 mars 2024 Sjömålsrobot Brand ombord, mindre materiella skador [123][124][125]
True Confidence Barbados Barbados 6 mars 2024 Sjömålsrobot Övergiven, bärgad; tre sjömän dödade, fyra skadade [126]
Propel Fortune Singapore Singapore 8 mars 2024 Sjömålsrobot Robot missade. [127][128][129]
Pinocchio Liberia Liberia 11 mars 2024 Sjömålsrobot Robot missade. [130][131]

Se även

[redigera | redigera wikitext]

Referenser

[redigera | redigera wikitext]
  1. ^ ”Flera stora rederier fryser trafiken i Suez efter rebellattacker”. Sveriges Radio. 20 december 2023. https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/flera-stora-rederier-fryser-trafiken-i-suez-efter-rebellattacker. Läst 3 januari 2024. 
  2. ^ [a b] Christian Edwards (19 december 2023). ”Who are the Houthis and why are they attacking ships in the Red Sea?” (på engelska). CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/19/middleeast/red-sea-crisis-explainer-houthi-yemen-israel-intl/index.html. Läst 3 januari 2024. 
  3. ^ ”Who are the Houthis, and why are we at war with them?” (på amerikansk engelska). Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/who-are-the-houthis-and-why-are-we-at-war-with-them/. Läst 3 januari 2024. 
  4. ^ Sara Dorn. ”Houthis Strike Norwegian Oil Tanker In Red Sea—What To Know About The Yemen-Based Rebels Aligned With Hamas” (på engelska). Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/saradorn/2023/12/07/who-are-the-houthis-yemen-based-rebels-aligned-with-hamas-and-funded-by-iran-attack-ships-in-the-red-sea/. Läst 3 januari 2024. 
  5. ^ Oren Liebermann (20 oktober 2023). ”Incident involving US warship intercepting missiles near Yemen lasted 9 hours | CNN Politics” (på engelska). CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/20/politics/us-warship-intercept-missiles-near-yemen/index.html. Läst 3 januari 2024. 
  6. ^ Majlard, Jan (20 november 2023). ”Rebeller kapade fartyg – i solidaritet med Gaza”. Svenska Dagbladet. ISSN 1101-2412. https://www.svd.se/a/xgoeBn/huthirebeller-kapade-fartyget-galaxy-leader-i-roda-havet. Läst 3 januari 2024. 
  7. ^ ”Rederier pausar trafik genom Suez – kan påverka båtbranschen”. 17 december 2023. https://www.hamnen.se/artiklar/rederier-pausar-trafik-genom-suez-kan-paverka-batbranschen/. Läst 3 januari 2024. 
  8. ^ ”A new Suez crisis threatens the world economy”. The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. https://www.economist.com/international/2023/12/16/a-new-suez-crisis-threatens-the-world-economy. Läst 5 januari 2024. 
  9. ^ [a b c] ”Statement from Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III on Ensuring Freedom of Navigation” (på amerikansk engelska). U.S. Department of Defense. https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3621110/statement-from-secretary-of-defense-lloyd-j-austin-iii-on-ensuring-freedom-of-n/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2FNews%2FReleases%2FRelease%2FArticle%2F3621110%2Fstatement-from-secretary-of-defense-lloyd-j-austin-iii-on-ensuring-freedom-of-n%2F. Läst 3 januari 2024. 
  10. ^ [a b] ”What is the military strength of Yemen's Huthi rebels?”. The Economic Times. 12 januari 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/what-is-the-military-strength-of-yemens-huthi-rebels/articleshow/106773330.cms?from=mdr. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  11. ^ ”The Houthi Movement and the War in Yemen: Development and Significance”. The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center. 17 november 2023. https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/the-houthi-movement-and-the-war-in-yemen-development-and-significance/. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  12. ^ ”U.S Destroyer, Super Hornets Splash Red Sea Attack Drones and Missiles”. USNI News. 26 december 2023. https://news.usni.org/2023/12/26/u-s-destroyer-super-hornets-splash-red-sea-attack-drones-and-missiles. Läst 3 februari 2024. 
  13. ^ Brad Lendon (19 december 2023). ”Red Sea shipping: How US warships are shooting down Houthi drones, and what might come next” (på engelska). CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/20/middleeast/us-destroyers-houthi-drones-red-sea-intl-hnk-ml/index.html. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  14. ^ ”US military drone shot down near Yemen, US officials say”. Reuters. 20 februari 2024. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-military-drone-shot-down-near-yemen-us-officials-say-2024-02-20/. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  15. ^ ”Red Sea crisis: Which UK ships have been deployed to the area?” (på engelska). The Herald. 12 januari 2024. https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/24044453.royal-navy-uk-ships-deployed-red-sea/. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  16. ^ ”Dansk fregat er læsset med missiler på vej til Det Røde Hav: Et skud kan koste op mod 10 millioner” (på da-DK). DR. 29 januari 2024. https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/dansk-fregat-er-laesset-med-missiler-paa-vej-til-det-roede-hav-et-skud-kan-koste-op. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  17. ^ ”Greek frigate to join Prosperity Guardian | eKathimerini.com” (på english). www.ekathimerini.com. 22 december 2023. https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1227720/greek-frigate-to-join-prosperity-guardian/. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  18. ^ National Defence (19 december 2023). ”Canada to participate in United States-led Operation PROSPERITY GUARDIAN”. www.canada.ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/news/2023/12/canada-to-participate-in-united-states-led-operation-prosperity-guardian.html. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  19. ^ ”Red Sea crisis: Navy OPV heads home after maiden patrol”. Latest in the News Sphere | The Morning. 24 februari 2024. https://themorning.lk//articles/VwM3K0wBAGk7Zb8RrHxI. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  20. ^ Ministry of Defence (21 december 2023). ”Norway increases support to Combined Maritime Forces in the Red Sea” (på brittisk engelska). Government.no. https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/norway-increases-support-to-combined-maritime-forces-in-the-red-sea/id3019271/. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  21. ^ Robin Pascoe (19 december 2023). ”Dutch provide two staff officers to Red Sea protection plan” (på brittisk engelska). DutchNews.nl. https://www.dutchnews.nl/2023/12/dutch-provide-two-staff-officers-to-red-sea-protection-plan/. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  22. ^ Audrey Tng (10 januari 2024). ”Singapore to join Operation Prosperity Guardian to ensure maritime security in the Red Sea: Ng Eng Hen” (på amerikansk engelska). Singapore Matters. https://sgmatters.com/singapore-to-join-operation-prosperity-guardian-to-ensure-maritime-security-in-the-red-sea-ng-eng-hen/. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  23. ^ ”New Zealand’s Huge Shift in the Middle East” (på amerikansk engelska). thediplomat.com. https://thediplomat.com/2024/01/new-zealands-huge-shift-in-the-middle-east/. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  24. ^ Hudhaifa Ebrahim (24 december 2023). ”Bahrain Sole Gulf Country Publicly Supporting Prosperity Guardian Coalition; Others Will Benefit With Aim To Stop Houthis” (på amerikansk engelska). The Media Line. https://themedialine.org/top-stories/bahrain-sole-gulf-country-publicly-supporting-prosperty-guardian-coalition-others-will-benefit-with-aim-to-stop-houthis/. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  25. ^ ”Seychelles' participation in "Operation Prosperity Guardian" is only information exchange”. www.seychellesnewsagency.com. http://www.seychellesnewsagency.com/articles/19810/Seychelles%27+participation+in+%22Operation+Prosperity+Guardian%22+is+only+information+exchange. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  26. ^ ”EU launches Red Sea mission to protect vessels from Houthi attacks” (på engelska). euronews. 19 februari 2024. https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/02/19/eu-launches-mission-aspides-to-protect-red-sea-vessels-from-houthi-attacks. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  27. ^ Försvarsmakten. ”Försvarsmakten skickar personal till insats i Röda havet”. Försvarsmakten. https://www.forsvarsmakten.se/sv/aktuellt/2024/02/forsvarsmakten-skickar-personal-till-insats-i-roda-havet/. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  28. ^ ”Navy declares 4th advanced Sa’ar 6-class warship operational, sends one to Red Sea”. Times of Israel. 12 december 2023. https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/navy-declares-4th-advanced-saar-6-class-warship-operational-sends-one-to-red-sea/. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  29. ^ ”Egypt’s Red Sea muddle”. The Arab Weekly. 16 januari 2024. https://thearabweekly.com/egypts-red-sea-muddle. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  30. ^ ”India deploys unprecedented naval might near Red Sea to rein in piracy”. Reuters. 31 januari 2024. https://www.reuters.com/world/india-deploys-unprecedented-naval-might-near-red-sea-rein-piracy-2024-01-31/. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  31. ^ ”China dispatches 46th fleet amid Red Sea tensions, US military targets Houthi threats | International - Times of India Videos” (på engelska). The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/international/china-dispatches-46th-fleet-amid-red-sea-tensions-us-military-targets-houthi-threats/videoshow/108019949.cms. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  32. ^ ”Saudi Air Defenses Down Six Houthi Ballistic Missiles In 48 Seconds | Aviation Week Network”. aviationweek.com. https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/missile-defense-weapons/saudi-air-defenses-down-six-houthi-ballistic-missiles-48. Läst 3 mars 2024. 
  33. ^ ”Houthis Warn Maritime Coalition: Red Sea Will Be Your Graveyard” (på engelska). Iran International. 3 januari 2024. https://www.iranintl.com/en/202312199443. Läst 3 januari 2024. 
  34. ^ ”What is U.S.-led Red Sea coalition and which countries are backing it?”. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/us-red-sea-taskforce-gets-limited-backing-some-allies-2023-12-20/. Läst 3 januari 2024. 
  35. ^ ”Maersk set to resume Red Sea passage with 'Operation Prosperity Guardian' deployment”. Business line. https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/maersk-set-to-resume-red-sea-passage-with-operation-prosperity-guardian-deployment/article67673452.ece. Läst 25 december 2023. 
  36. ^ Michael Susin. ”Maersk Pauses Transit Through Red Sea Until Further Notice After Attack on Ship” (på amerikansk engelska). WSJ. https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/maersk-pauses-transit-through-red-sea-until-further-notice-after-attack-on-ship-a494ae24. Läst 3 januari 2024. 
  37. ^ Sabbagh, Dan (4 December 2023). ”Three commercial vessels attacked in Red Sea by Houthi rebels, says US”. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/03/us-warship-in-red-sea-reportedly-attacked-by-drones-from-yemen. 
  38. ^ Wells, Kane (23 November 2023). ”Hijacking of Galaxy Leader has broader implications for marine war underwriters: Skytek - Reinsurance News”. ReinsuranceNe.ws. https://www.reinsurancene.ws/hijacking-of-galaxy-leader-has-broader-implications-for-marine-war-underwriters-skytek/. 
  39. ^ Bray, Julian; Guerry, Yannick (28 November 2023). ”Second Israeli-owned ship attacked by Iran-backed forces as shadow war intensifies”. TradeWinds (London). https://www.tradewindsnews.com/containers/second-israeli-owned-ship-attacked-by-iran-backed-forces-as-shadow-war-intensifies/2-1-1560680. 
  40. ^ [a b c] ”3 commercial ships hit by missiles in Houthi attack in Red Sea, US warship downs 3 drones”. 3 commercial ships hit by missiles in Houthi attack in Red Sea, US warship downs 3 drones. Associated Press. 3 December 2023. https://apnews.com/article/red-sea-houthi-yemen-ships-attack-israel-hamas-war-gaza-strip-716770f0a780160e9abed98d3c48fbde?taid=656ca7c035aad000013d39e8. 
  41. ^ El Yaakoubi, Aziz; Ali, Idrees. ”Multiple commercial vessels attacked in Red Sea”. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/britains-maritime-agency-reports-potential-explosion-red-sea-2023-12-03/. 
  42. ^ ”Unity Explorer Ltd”. dun & bradstreet. https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.unity_explorer_ltd.ab1e7d4dac242596f01153cf7930c2e8.html#contact-anchor. 
  43. ^ ”US warship shoots down Houthi drone attacking vessels in Red Sea”. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 3 December 2023. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-12-04/us-warship-shot-down-houthi-drone-attacking-vessels-in-red-sea/103183482. 
  44. ^ ”Houthis Lied: US Can Defend Itself, and Others, from Unprovoked Attacks on Red Sea”. Voice of America. 6 December 2023. https://www.voanews.com/a/fact-check-houthis-lied-us-can-defend-itself-and-others-from-unprovoked-attacks-on-red-sea/7386940.html. 
  45. ^ ”Pentagon Says U.S. Warship Has Come Under Attack Red Sea”, Time, 3 December 2023, https://time.com/6342129/pentagon-warship-commercial-attack-red-sea-militants/, läst 29 december 2023 
  46. ^ ”CENTCOM Statement on missile attack in the Bab-el-Mandeb” (på amerikansk engelska). U.S. Central Command. https://www.centcom.mil/MEDIA/STATEMENTS/Statements-View/Article/3614265/centcom-statement-on-missile-attack-in-the-bab-el-mandeb/. 
  47. ^ ”A missile fired by Yemen's Houthi rebels strikes a Norwegian-flagged tanker in the Red Sea”. Associated Press. 12 December 2023. https://apnews.com/article/yemen-ship-attack-houthi-rebels-red-sea-946b40e6393af6216c0b6ef734311be9. 
  48. ^ ”CENTCOM Statement of the attack on the Ardmore Encounter”. U.S. Central Command. https://www.centcom.mil/MEDIA/STATEMENTS/Statements-View/Article/3617393/centcom-statement-of-the-attack-on-the-ardmore-encounter/. 
  49. ^ Coyne, Matt (22 December 2023). ”Idan Ofer sold off Ardmore Shipping shares months before Red Sea attack”. TradeWinds. https://www.tradewindsnews.com/tankers/idan-ofer-sold-off-ardmore-shipping-shares-months-before-red-sea-attack/2-1-1575990. 
  50. ^ ”Tanker in Red Sea targeted by speedboat gunfire and missiles -sources”. Reuters. 13 December 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gunmen-speadboat-approach-two-vessels-bab-al-mandab-strait-ambrey-2023-12-13/. 
  51. ^ ”Missile fired from rebel-controlled Yemen misses a container ship in Bab el-Mandeb Strait”. Associated Press. 14 December 2023. https://apnews.com/article/yemen-houthi-ship-attack-missile-israel-hamas-war-gaza-strip-b2478db9aaad81ca447e6a393480f9a8. 
  52. ^ Falconer, Alex (15 December 2023). ”Missile fired at Maersk containership entering Red Sea - Laufer Group International”. Missile fired at Maersk containership entering Red Sea - Laufer Group International. https://lgi.laufer.com/news/missile-fired-at-maersk-containership-entering-red-sea/. 
  53. ^ [a b] ”Attacks from Houthi-controlled Yemen hit two ships”. Reuters. 15 December 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/uk-maritime-agency-probing-reports-further-incident-near-bab-al-mandab-strait-2023-12-15/. Läst 20 december 2023. 
  54. ^ ”Al Jasrah”. Al Jasrah. Det Norske Veritas. https://vesselregister.dnv.com/vesselregister/details/34183. 
  55. ^ Mall:Cite ship register
  56. ^ ”Al Jasrah”. vesselfinder.com. https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/details/9732321. 
  57. ^ ”2 attacks launched by Yemen's Houthi rebels strike container ships in vital Red Sea corridor”. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/liberian-flagged-cargo-ship-hit-projectile-rebel-controlled-105682536. 
  58. ^ ”'Misinformation' led to Swan Atlantic being targeted by terrorists, owner claims”. 'Misinformation' led to Swan Atlantic being targeted by terrorists, owner claims. 19 December 2023. https://www.tradewindsnews.com/casualties/-misinformation-led-to-swan-atlantic-being-targeted-by-terrorists-owner-claims/2-1-1573303. 
  59. ^ ”MSC CLARA, IMO 9708693”. balticshipping.com. https://www.balticshipping.com/vessel/imo/9708693. 
  60. ^ ”Norwegian-Owned Tanker Hit as Red Sea Attacks on Shipping Continue to Grow”. The Maritime Executive. 18 December 2023. https://maritime-executive.com/article/norwegian-owned-tanker-hit-as-red-sea-attacks-on-shipping-continue-to-grow. 
  61. ^ [a b] ”US says Houthi drones attacked warship, tankers in Red Sea”. The Times of Israel. 24 December 2023. https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/us-says-houthi-drones-attacked-warship-tankers-in-red-sea/. 
  62. ^ Faucon, Benoit. ”Iran-Backed Forces Widen Their Attacks on Commercial Shipping”. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/iran-backed-forces-widen-their-attacks-on-commercial-shipping/ar-AA1m17ox. 
  63. ^ ”MV Sai Baba With Indian Crew, Among Other Ships Attacked By Houthi Drone In Red Sea. Here's What We Know So Far”. menafn.com. https://menafn.com/1107652681/MV-Sai-Baba-With-Indian-Crew-Among-Other-Ships-Attacked-By-Houthi-Drone-In-Red-Sea-Heres-What-We-Know-So-Far. 
  64. ^ ”Houthis Claim Responsibility for Attack Against Commercial Vessel MSC United” (på amerikansk engelska). Atlas News. 26 December 2023. https://theatlasnews.co/conflict/2023/12/26/houthis-claim-responsibility-for-attack-against-commercial-vessel-msc-united/. 
  65. ^ ”MSC Statement on MSC UNITED VIII Incident in Red Sea”. MSC Statement on MSC UNITED VIII Incident in Red Sea. https://www.msc.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2023/msc-statement-on-msc-united-viii-incident-in-red-sea. 
  66. ^ ”Houthi militants attack container ship, Maersk halts Red Sea sailing”. Reuters. 31 December 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/maersk-pauses-red-sea-sailings-after-houthi-attack-container-ship-2023-12-31/. 
  67. ^ Armstrong, Kathryn (11 January 2024). ”Iran seizes oil tanker St Nikolas near Oman”. BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-67948119. 
  68. ^ Choukeir, Jana; Elimam, Ahmed; Harvey, Robert. ”Iran seizes oil tanker involved in US-Iran dispute in Gulf of Oman - state media”. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/uk-shipping-authority-receives-report-vessel-boarded-by-armed-persons-off-oman-2024-01-11/. 
  69. ^ Cooper, Helene; Schmitt, Eric (12 January 2024). ”Israel-Hamas War: U.S. Strikes at Houthis in Yemen for a Second Day”. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/01/11/world/israel-hamas-houthi-yemen-news. 
  70. ^ Ghaddar, Ahmad (12 January 2024). ”Houthi attacks on shipping in Red Sea persist, U.S. and allies strike back”. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/houthi-attacks-shipping-red-sea-persist-us-allies-strike-back-2024-01-12/. Läst 14 januari 2024. 
  71. ^ ”Houthis mistakenly target tanker carrying Russian oil, security firm says”. Reuters. 12 January 2024. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/houthis-mistakenly-target-tanker-carrying-russian-oil-ambrey-report-2024-01-12/. Läst 26 januari 2024. 
  72. ^ Tan, Huileng. ”Russia's dark fleet of ships kept its oil exports strong. But 2 recent incidents in the Red Sea highlight the risks of that strategy.”. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/russias-dark-fleet-oil-exports-strong-red-sea-risks-strategy-2024-1. 
  73. ^ Blenkey, Nick (15 January 2024). ”Eagle Bulk's Gibraltar Eagle hit by Houthi missile”. Marine Log. https://www.marinelog.com/news/eagle-bulks-gibraltar-eagle-hit-by-houthi-missile/. 
  74. ^ ”Houthi rebels strike cargo ship owned by Connecticut company”. Hartford Courant. 16 January 2024. https://www.courant.com/2024/01/16/houthi-rebels-strike-us-owned-cargo-ship/. 
  75. ^ Blenkey, Nick (15 January 2024). ”Eagle Bulk's Gibraltar Eagle hit by Houthi missile”. Marine Log. https://www.marinelog.com/news/eagle-bulks-gibraltar-eagle-hit-by-houthi-missile/. 
  76. ^ Armstrong, Kathryn (16 January 2024). ”Red Sea attacks: Greek vessel hit by missile fired by Houthi rebels”. BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-67992600. 
  77. ^ ”Empty Malta-flagged ship hit by missile off Yemen”. Reuters. CBC. 16 January 2024. https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/red-sea-yemen-houthi-greece-malta-ship-attacked-1.7084987. 
  78. ^ ”Red Sea: Photos of the Houthi attack on the Greek-owned ship Zografia”. Greek City Times. 24 January 2024. https://greekcitytimes.com/2024/01/24/red-sea-houthi-attack-zografia/. 
  79. ^ pic.twitter.com/K2cVdo0zYX
  80. ^ Wintour, Patrick (17 January 2024). ”Houthis hit US cargo ship with drone after redesignation as global terrorists”. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/17/us-redesignates-houthis-as-global-terrorists-amid-red-sea-attacks. 
  81. ^ Jones, Isaac (18 January 2024). ”U.S.-Owned Ship Genco Picardy Targeted by Houthi Drone in Gulf of Aden Amid Regional Tensions”. MSN.com. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/us-owned-ship-genco-picardy-targeted-by-houthi-drone-in-gulf-of-aden-amid-regional-tensions/ar-AA1nb6bH. 
  82. ^ ”How Indian Navy warship rescued merchant vessel hit by drone in Gulf of Aden”. Firstpost. 18 January 2024. https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/how-indian-navy-warship-rescued-merchant-vessel-hit-by-drone-in-gulf-of-aden-13628652.html. 
  83. ^ Blenkey, Nick (18 January 2024). ”U.S. Owned bulker Genco Picardy hit by Houthi drone”. Marine Log. https://www.marinelog.com/news/u-s-owned-bulker-genco-picardy-hit-by-houthi-drone/. 
  84. ^ Tanyos, Faris (18 January 2024). ”Houthi rebels launch missile attack on yet another U.S.-owned commercial ship, Pentagon says”. CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/houthi-rebels-missile-attack-u-s-owned-commercial-ship-chem-ranger/. 
  85. ^ ”2 US-Flagged Ships with Cargo for US Defense Department Come Under Attack by Yemen's Houthi Rebels”. Military.com. 24 January 2024. https://www.military.com/daily-news/2024/01/24/2-us-flagged-ships-cargo-us-defense-department-come-under-attack-yemens-houthi-rebels.html. 
  86. ^ ”Two Maersk ships targeted near Red Sea”. mykn.kuehne-nagel.com. 24 January 2024. https://mykn.kuehne-nagel.com/news/article/two-maersk-ships-targeted-near-red-sea-24-Jan-2024. 
  87. ^ Alashray, Enas; Tolba, Ahmed; Ghobari, Mohammed Ghobari (26 January 2024). ”Yemen's Houthis say they targeted oil tanker Marlin Luanda in Gulf of Aden”. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/yemens-houthis-say-they-targeted-oil-tanker-marlin-luanda-gulf-aden-2024-01-26/. 
  88. ^ ”Oil tanker Marlin Luanda catches fire in Red Sea after missile attack by Yemen's Houthi fighters”. Sky News. 27 January 2024. https://news.sky.com/story/oil-tanker-on-fire-in-red-sea-after-missile-attack-by-houthi-fighters-13057225. 
  89. ^ Gambrell, Jon (27 January 2024). ”Crew Extinguish Fire on Tanker Hit by Houthi Missile off Yemen After US Targets Rebels in Airstrike”. Military.com. https://www.military.com/daily-news/2024/01/27/crew-extinguish-fire-tanker-hit-houthi-missile-off-yemen-after-us-targets-rebels-airstrike.html. 
  90. ^ ”Middle East crisis: Houthi rebels target two more vessels in Red Sea, including one carrying coal to India” (på amerikansk engelska). WION. https://www.wionews.com/world/middle-east-crisis-houthi-rebels-target-two-more-vessels-in-red-sea-including-one-carrying-coal-to-india-687759. 
  91. ^ ”Houthis Target British, Greek Ships in Red Sea”. USNI News. 6 February 2024. https://news.usni.org/2024/02/06/houthis-target-british-greek-ships-in-red-sea. 
  92. ^ ”Houthis Fire 6 More Anti-Ship Missiles Into Red Sea”. www.voanews.com. https://www.voanews.com/amp/houthis-fire-6-more-anti-ship-missiles-into-red-sea/7476673.html. 
  93. ^ ”Houthis claim fresh attacks on British and US ships in Red Sea”. The Guardian. https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/06/houthis-claim-fresh-attacks-british-us-ships-red-sea. 
  94. ^ ”Yemen's Houthi rebels target carrier ship bound for Iran, their main supporter” (på amerikansk engelska). CBS News. 2024-02-12. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/yemen-houthi-rebels-target-carrier-ship-star-iris-bound-for-iran/. 
  95. ^ ”Yemen's Houthis target cargo ship bound for Iran, shipping analysts say”. Reuters. 12 February 2024. https://www.reuters.com/world/ambrey-says-bulker-was-targeted-by-missiles-bab-al-mandab-2024-02-12/. 
  96. ^ ”Red Sea attack: Houthi missile strikes India-bound oil tanker - World News”. www.wionews.com. https://www.wionews.com/world/red-sea-attack-houthi-missile-strikes-india-bound-oil-tanker-691146/amp. 
  97. ^ ”Yemen's Houthis fire missiles at British oil tanker bound for India” (på engelska). Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/17/yemens-houthis-fire-missiles-at-british-oil-tanker-bound-for-india. 
  98. ^ ”Yemen's Houthis say they targeted oil tanker Pollux” (på engelska). CNBC. 2024-02-17. https://www.cnbc.com/2024/02/17/yemens-houthis-say-they-targeted-oil-tanker-pollux.html. 
  99. ^ ”Houthi rebels' attack severely damages a Belize-flagged ship in key strait leading to the Red Sea” (på engelska). AP News. 2024-02-19. https://apnews.com/article/yemen-houthi-rebels-attack-israel-hamas-war-gaza-67cf1acc17f4e17d04075a99688e4da8. 
  100. ^ ”US warns of ‘disaster’ amid oil slick in Red Sea from ship hit by Houthis” (på engelska). Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/24/us-warns-of-disaster-amid-oil-slick-in-red-sea-from-ship-hit-by-houthis. 
  101. ^ ”UK-owned ship hit by Houthis sinks off Yemen coast” (på brittisk engelska). BBC News. 2024-03-02. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68457445. 
  102. ^ ”Houthi rebels' attack severely damages a Belize-flagged ship in key strait leading to the Red Sea” (på engelska). ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/houthi-rebels-suspected-attack-damaged-belize-flagged-ship-107333051. 
  103. ^ ”Yemen's Houthis Attack Cargo Ship”. Voice of America. https://www.voanews.com/amp/yemen-s-houthis-attack-cargo-ship/7493165.html. 
  104. ^ ”Another Greek Ship Attacked by Houthi Rebels in Red Sea off Yemen”. The National Herald. 19 February 2024. https://www.thenationalherald.com/houthi-rebels-attack-severely-damages-a-belize-flagged-ship-in-key-strait-leading-to-the-red-sea/. 
  105. ^ ”Greek-flagged M/V Sea Champion sustains minor damage in Houthi missile attack”. FOX News. https://www.foxnews.com/world/greek-flagged-mv-sea-champion-sustains-minor-damage-houthi-missile-attack.amp. 
  106. ^ ”Yemen's Houthi group says attacking 2 U.S. ships in Gulf of Aden”. Xinhua. https://english.news.cn/20240220/8f594719eb494e81801675f2784ffa78/c.html. 
  107. ^ ”Houthis Step Up Attacks Hitting Second Ship and Possibly Downing US Drone” (på engelska). The Maritime Executive. https://maritime-executive.com/index.php/article/houthis-steup-attacks-as-eu-moves-to-launch-its-defensive-effort. 
  108. ^ ”NAVIS FORTUNA, Bulk Carrier - Details and current position - IMO 9404455”. Vessel Finder. https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/details/9404455. 
  109. ^ ”Attacks on ships and US drones show Yemen's Houthis can still fight despite US-led airstrikes” (på engelska). ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/ship-attacks-downing-us-drones-yemens-houthis-put-107358670. 
  110. ^ ”Houthis Target MSC Cargo Ship and US Warship as Launches Increase” (på engelska). The Maritime Executive. https://maritime-executive.com/article/houthis-target-msc-cargo-ship-and-us-warship-as-launches-increase. 
  111. ^ ”'Israeli' ship targeted by Houthis is Liberia-flagged, says Ambrey”. Reuters. 20 February 2024. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/yemens-houthis-say-they-targeted-israeli-us-ships-red-sea-region-2024-02-20/. 
  112. ^ ”Yemen's Houthis claim attacks on Israeli, US ships” (på engelska). Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/20/yemens-houthis-claim-attacks-on-israeli-us-ships. 
  113. ^ ”Ship on fire in Gulf of Aden after missile attack” (på brittisk engelska). BBC. 22 February 2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68367495. 
  114. ^ ”Suspected Houthi rebel missile sets cargo ship ablaze. Israel intercepts separate attack near Eilat” (på engelska). Associated Press. 22 February 2024. https://apnews.com/article/israel-yemen-houthi-hamas-war-gaza-strip-216c0bde5f79ed857f1f5ef7f157a66b. 
  115. ^ ”Houthi missile hits ship in Gulf of Aden as Yemeni rebels continue attacks over Israel-Hamas war” (på amerikansk engelska). CBS News. 22 February 2024. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/houthi-ship-attack-gulf-of-aden-red-sea-iran-yemen-rebels-israel-hamas-war/. 
  116. ^ ”UK-owned ship damaged by missiles off Yemen - US” (på brittisk engelska). BBC. 22 February 2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68367495. 
  117. ^ ”US says Houthis fired ballistic missile at tanker in Gulf of Aden, but missed”. The Times of Israel. 26 February 2024. https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-says-houthis-fired-ballistic-missile-at-tanker-in-gulf-of-aden-but-missed/amp/. 
  118. ^ ”Yemen's Houthis target fuel tanker Torm Thor in Gulf of Aden”. Reuters. 25 February 2024. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/yemens-houthis-target-fuel-tanker-torm-thor-gulf-aden-2024-02-24/. 
  119. ^ ”Yemen's Houthis keep up pressure with near miss on US-flagged tanker”. Reuters. 26 February 2024. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-says-yemens-houthis-ballistic-missile-misses-us-tanker-torm-thor-2024-02-26/. 
  120. ^ Guzman, Alyssa (2024-02-24). ”US Navy shoots down Houthi missile fired at US-owned tanker in Red Sea”. New York Post. https://nypost.com/2024/02/24/world-news/us-shoots-down-houthi-missile-fired-at-oil-tanker-in-red-sea/. 
  121. ^ ”Rocket fire reported off Yemen in Red Sea in a new suspected attack by Houthi rebels” (på engelska). AP News. 2024-02-28. https://apnews.com/article/yemen-red-sea-houthi-rebel-ship-attack-israel-gaza-hamas-d87d95c9da2bf695fed858af9eecacad. 
  122. ^ ”Ambrey reports incident west of Yemen's Red Sea port Hodeidah” (på engelska). The Jerusalem Post. 2024-02-27. https://www.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/article-789260. 
  123. ^ Betz, Bradford (4 March 2024). ”Houthi missile attack sets ship ablaze in Gulf of Aden as assaults escalate”. FOX News. https://www.foxnews.com/world/houthi-missile-attack-sets-ship-ablaze-gulf-aden-assaults-escalate.amp. 
  124. ^ Longley, Alex; Hatem, Mohammed; Moon, Louise (4 March 2024). ”Container Ship Tackles Fire After Suffering Explosion Off Yemen”. Bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-03-04/container-ship-tackles-fire-after-suffering-explosion-off-yemen. 
  125. ^ ”Video: Indian Navy Assists MSC Ship with Fire After Houthi Attack”. The Maritime Executive. 5 March 2024. https://maritime-executive.com/article/video-indian-navy-assists-msc-ship-with-fire-after-houthi-attack. 
  126. ^ Bertrand, Natasha (6 March 2024). ”Crew members killed for first time in Houthi attack on commercial ship in Red Sea, US official says”. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/06/politics/crew-members-killed-houthi-attack/index.html. 
  127. ^ Gambrell, Jon (8 March 2024). ”Attack by Yemen's Houthi rebels sees explosions ahead of Singapore-flagged ship in the Gulf of Aden”. Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/yemen-houthi-rebels-sea-attacks-gaza-208f99c5cebfbb9e3ce9328b795c1e03. 
  128. ^ ”Houthis Shoot at Another “American” Ship Saying Attacks are Escalating”. The Maritime Executive. https://maritime-executive.com/article/houthis-shoot-at-another-american-ship-saying-attacks-are-escalating. 
  129. ^ ”US strikes against Houthi missiles in Yemen, CENTCOM says”. The Jerusalem Post. Reuters. 9 March 2024. https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-791022. 
  130. ^ ”Attack by Yemen's Houthi rebels sees an explosion detonate near Liberian-flagged ship in Red Sea” (på engelska). ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/suspected-attack-yemens-houthi-rebels-sees-explosion-ship-108003401. 
  131. ^ ”Yemen's Houthis target 'US ship Pinocchio' in Red Sea”. Reuters. 11 March 2024. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/yemens-houthis-target-us-ship-pinocchio-red-sea-2024-03-12/. 
Hämtad från ”https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huthirebellernas_attacker_mot_kommersiella_fartyg_i_Röda_havet&oldid=56264617”