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Quantum gravity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_...
- The main result of loop quantum gravity is the derivation of a granular structure of space at the Planck length. This is derived as follows.
- In the case of electromagnetism, the quantum operator representing the energy of each frequency of the field has discrete spectrum. Therefore the energy of each frequency is quantized, and the quanta are the photons.
- In the case of gravity, the operators representing the area and the volume of each surface or space region have discrete spectrum. Therefore area and volume of any portion of space are quantized, and the quanta are elementary quanta of space.
- It follows that spacetime has an elementary quantum granular structure at the Planck scale, which cuts-off the ultraviolet infinities ï¼ç´«å¤çºæ£ï¼of quantum field theory.
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Ultraviolet divergence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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- In physics, an ultraviolet divergence is a situation in which an integral, for example a Feynman diagram, diverges because of contributions of objects with very high energy (approaching infinity), or, equivalently, because of physical phenomena at very short distances.
Infrared divergence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared...
- In physics, an infrared divergence or infrared catastrophe is a situation in which an integral, for example a Feynman diagram, diverges because of contributions of objects with very small energy approaching zero, or, equivalently, because of physical phenomena at very long distances.
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