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Of those killed 2,400 (74 per cent) were killed by soldiers' violence apart from military operations.(1)
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/War_Damage_in_the_Nanking_area_Dec._1937_to_Mar._1938
There is reason to expect under-reporting of deaths and violence at the hands of the Japanese soldiers, because of the fear of retaliation from the army of occupation.
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For the period covered in the surveys, most of the looting in the entire area, and practically all of the violence against civilians, was also done by the Japanese forces - whether justifiably or unjustifiably in terms of policy, is not for us to decide.
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/War_Damage_in_the_Nanking_area_Dec._1937_to_Mar._1938
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ãThere is reason to expect under-reportingãã¨ããå¯è½æ§ã®ææã§ããããã¹ãã¤ã¹ã®æ¨æ¸¬ããªã®ã¯å½ç¶ã®è©±ã§ãããéè¦ãªã®ã¯ãã®æ¨æ¸¬ã妥å½ãã©ããã§ãã£ã¦ãå é è»ã«ããæ´å被害ã«ã¤ãã¦å é ä¸ã®ä½æ°ã訴ãåºãä¸ã§ã®å¿ççéå£ã¨ããä¸è¬çãªèªèãããã°ããã¹ãã¤ã¹ã®æ¨æ¸¬ãã妥å½ãªã®ã¯èª°ã§ãåãã話ã§ããå京äºä»¶å¦å®è«è
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The figures here reported are for civilians, with the very slight possibility of the inclusion of a few scattered soldiers.
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/War_Damage_in_the_Nanking_area_Dec._1937_to_Mar._1938
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The men taken away were often accused, at least in form, of being ex-soldiers; or were used as carriers and laborers. Hence it is not surprising to find that 55 per cent of them were between the ages of 15 and 29 years; with another 36 per cent between 30 and 44 years.
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/War_Damage_in_the_Nanking_area_Dec._1937_to_Mar._1938
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