Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols.

157-158 (2012) pp 954-959

Online available since 2012/Feb/27 at www.scientific.net
© (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.157-158.954

Dynamics Simulation of Banana-type Line Vibrating Screen and Analysis

of Applied Force of Fastenings
Xiaowei An1,a, Fugang Wang2,b,Yujie Ji3,c
1,2
College of Mechanical Engineering,Shenyang Ligong University,Shenyang 110159,China
a
email:[email protected], bemail:[email protected],cemail:[email protected]
Keywords: Vibrating screen; Dynamic Simulation; Amplitude.

Abstract：The paper adopts multi-boy dynamics software and simulates and analyzes the banana
type vibrating screen. The paper obtains the result of vibration amplitude of vibrating screen at its
working through computing；we can get the resonance by analyzing the amplitude curve , which is a
significant guidance for design, improvement and maintenance.

Introduction
Vibrating screens have been widely applied in various industries because of merits such as simple
structure, stable amplitude, reliable working, and the indispensable facilities in the mining
equipment production. Production efficiency of vibrating screen and screening level immediately
influence on its development; and the banana-type line vibrating screen (BLVS), whose dynamics
parameters directly impact the screening operations, serves as a key equipment of screening
material. Therefore, the issue to the currently designed vibrating screens, and of how to obtain
kinetics regularity of vibrating screen and to improve on the basis, is more significant. Ref. [1], by
simulation software, showed the movement and working conditions of articulatory vibrating screen
clearly, recorded and classified all sorts of simulation result curves, and contrasted and rectified the
changeable conditions to before and after main parameters values. Ref. [2] simulated the tracks of
vibrating screen, and discussed oval vibrating screen entrance, centre of mass and factors of tracks
in the exit. The analysis above two references, which analyses the steady-state vibration of vibrating
screen but ignored the transient vibration, had been less accurate and complete. Ref. [3] established
the mechanical model of biaxial exciter self-synchronization vibrating screen, and utilized virtual
prototype technology of Pro/Mechanica software to analyze its dynamic characteristics, and
simulated and analyzed each of parameters to impact on its vibration; but that paper don not solve
the force of bolt, which will affect performance of vibrating screen.
This paper utilized multi-body dynamics software ADAMS to establish vibrating screen of virtual
prototype model, calculated the transient and steady-state vibration of vibrating screens
comprehensively, analyses the relevant parameters impacted the performance of vibrating screen,
and provided the improved proposal and solved the force between the exciters and girder.

1．
．Basic components and working Principle of BLVS
BLVS is consisted of the exciters, sieve, elastic element, etc. The exciting force derived
from synchronous incongruous rotating dual imbalance exciter. The exciters consisted of eccentric
blocks of two groups of equal mass, which revolved round its axis in the synchronous reverse
rotation, and by the effects of this exciting force, the vibrating screens box went along with
the horizontal x-axis at an angle of 45° to achieve the reciprocated linear vibration, which is shown
in Fig.1. In any instant, the centrifugal force generated from the eccentric blocks, cancelled out each
other in the local coordinate y' direction, and the resultant force was always zero, and the inertial
forces in the x' direction were mutually overlapped to formulate the harmonic exciting force, one of
final synthesis was showed:

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Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 157-158 955

F (t ) = meω 2 sin ωt (1)

--m——Eight eccentric blocks' mass, Kg;

--w——Eight eccentric blocks' rotation angular velocity, rad/s;
--e——Eccentric distance, mm.

Fig.1. Sketch map of BLVS in work Fig.2.Two degrees of freedom’s BLVS

．Dynamic simplified
2． model of BLVS
The model that BLVS went along with the horizontal x-axis at an angle of 45° to achieve is
similar to vibration model of two degrees of freedom, namely, that a mass occurs in forced vibration
of harmonic exciting force. The equation of motion to the model is shown in Fig2.
[ M ]{q} + [C ]{q} + [ K ]{q} = [ F ] (2)
-- [M]——Block mass matrix, Kg;
-- [C]——Damping matrix, n·s/mm;
-- [K]——Stiffness matrix, k/mm;
-- -
--{ ,q},{ ,q},{q}——Respectively, acceleration vector mm/s2，
velocity vector mm/s and displacement vector mm；
-- [F]——Exciting force matrix, N.
Eq. (2)'s general solution includes two parts, one of which is transient vibration, and another of
which is steady-state vibration; the motion occurred in the system is composed motion of the
vibration above. Transient vibration, which only exists in limited time, will tend to disappear after
certain time due to the existence of damper. Therefore, synthetic movement of transient vibration
and of steady-state vibration also exists in limited time, after that, this mode only exists in
steady-state vibration.

3．
．Modeling and simulation of BLVS
3.1 Establishing simulation model
Three-dimensional solid model is established by the software of UG shown in Fig.3: ①girder；
②the exciters；③lug beam；④upper beam；⑤side plate；⑥back plate；⑦front spring lug；⑧
back spring lug；⑨spring；⑩lower beam.
Girder and the exciters are connected with 32 high-strength bolts, girder and side plate, back
plate and side plate, upper beam, lower beam and side plate, lug beam and side plate, front spring
lug, back spring lug and side plate are connected with rivets. The model is rather complex and the
number of rivets is huge, we could replace rivets’ function with fixed joints in ADAMS, so
956 Mechatronics and Applied Mechanics

establishing the rivets is ignored. Generally speaking, the number of the vibrating screen’s universal
shaft is four. For one thing, the number of connecting electromotor＇s shaft and vibrator＇s shaft is
two; For another, the number of connecting two vibrator＇s shaft is two, these four universal shafts＇
mass is lighter relatively to the vibrating screen, hence they are ignored. Besides, we could apply
four eccentric the same velocity to achieve universal shaft＇s simulation, so establishing universal
shaft is ignored.

Fig.3. Basic components of BLVS Fig.4.Motion simulation model of BLVS

Fig.5. Angular velocity curve of BLVS’ motor

3.2 Simulated model＇s constraint and loading force

The model has 42 Fixed Joints，1Translational Joints, 26Springs，and 4 Revolute Joints
aggregately. Restraint＇s names and function are given in Table 1. The rigidity of the spring is 214.6
N/mm, and the mass is 29506 Kg and damping ratio is 0.15 initially decided by in terms of
experience. The vibrating screen＇s intrinsic frequency is 1.5369Hz (9.6517 rad/s) by computing in
ADAMS. We exert motion on the Revolute Joints, compel eccentric blocks corresponding velocity
and exert the vibrating screen＇s exciting force. The model of dynamics simulation is shown in Fig4.
Vibrating screen＇s motor is three-phase asynchronous motor. In terms of motor＇s mechanical
character the motor needs one second from startup to specified velocity800 r/min, so 0-1s is the
motor＇s startup process; The vibrating screen＇s regular work is generally several hours even
several days, if we set several hours＇s simulating time in ADAMS, the computer will need more
memory, while adopting 9s＇simulating time can simulate the vibrating screen＇s steady-state
vibration, hence 1-10s is the vibrating screen＇s working hours; When the vibrating screen closes the
motor, it needs 30-40s to stop under the influence of air resistance and systematic damper; hence
setting 10-50s simulates that process. In a word, motor＇velocity curve is shown in Fig.5.
Table1 The explanations of vibrating screen 's constraint pair
Title Constraint joints＇function Constraint joints＇object
Fixed Joints，

Part1 is fixed relatively to girder and side plate；upper beam, lower beam and side
the Part2, and the joint plate；back plate and side plate； front spring lug，back
restricts 3 rotational and 3 spring lug and side plate；Exciter and side plate，
translational degrees of eccentric blocks and weight stack; exciter＇s shaft and
freedom eccentric blocks; lug beam and side plate etc.
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 157-158 957

Part1 is rotated relatively to Exciter＇s shaft and Exciter

the Part2 ， and the joint
Revolute

restricts 2 rotational and 3

Joints

translational degrees of
freedom.
Part1 is translational Girder and ground
Translational

relatively to the Part2，and

the joint restricts 3 rotational
Joints

and 2 translational degrees

of freedom.
3.3 Analysis of simulation curve
Vibrating screen exists vibration in vertical and horizontal direction, which is shown Fig.6（a）(b).
After superposition of two kinks of different vibrations, it is vibrating screen's total amplitude. Fig.6
（a）'s amplitude and Fig.6（b）'s amplitude are equal in size but contrary in direction in different
time points. In the stage of 0-1s, angular velocity of vibrating screen’s motor is from 0 to 800 r/min,
and excitation frequency increases gradually. Vibration process is synthetic movement of transient
vibration and steady-state vibration, transient vibration take place in a short period of time. During
0-0.34s amplitude goes from 0 to 5.4751mm. During 0.34-0.46s amplitude increased to 8.8713 mm.
After going by maximum, transient vibration disappeared gradually, the maximum of total
amplitude is 8.8713 mm corresponding that motor's revolving speed is 352 r/min; During 1-10s,
motor's revolving speed is constant, revolving speed is 800 r/min, angular velocity

w=
2πn 2π × 800
= = 83 .78( rad / s )
, so exciting frequency f = ω = 13.33( Hz ) , transient vibration disappeared,
60 60 2π
the model exist only steady-state vibration. During that process, the curve is sine, the total

amplitude of steady-state vibration is 3.50452 + 3.50452 = 4.9554 mm; During 10-50s the motor is shut
down, vibrating Screen's eccentric blocks' goes from 800 r/min to 0 under the influence of air
resistance, exciting frequency reduced to 0 step by step. In that process, the total amplitude is
28.5429mm, which is about 5.7 times the normal amplitude; motor's revolving speed of appearing
maximum is 91.5696 r/min, which is equal to 9.5896 rad/s and close to non-damping natural
frequency 9.6517 rad/s of vibrating screen.
Vibrating screen goes through resonance region in the process of starting up and shutting down the
motor. Especially in the process of downtime resonance amplitude is more than amplitude of
steady-state vibration because of long closing down, which is a huge damage to vibrating screen.
For the sake of solving that damage by the resonance, several methods could be adopted as
followed, 1) reverse connect braking power; 2）dynamic braking; 3）damping vibration suppression；
4）Machinery vibration suppression. Whichever adopting methods above, the main purposes is
shortening downtime farthest, letting vibrating screen pass the resonance region quickly and
decrease the damage to vibrating screen to the lowest, hence length and short of downtime greatly
affects performance of vibrating screen and that should be improved in structure. Table 2 shows
different downtime has different influence on resonance amplitude.
958 Mechatronics and Applied Mechanics

Fig.6（a）.The Amplitude of BLVS in the Fig.6（b）.Amplitude of the vibrating screen

Vertical direction in the horizontal direction

Tab2 Total amplitude of the BLVS

Downtime （s） The maximum amplitude in downtime (mm)
40 28.5429
30 25.0568
20 21.3382
10 15.3706

3.4 The impact of damp to BLVS

When exciting frequency of vibrating screen is equal to natural frequency, the amplitude goes
bigger suddenly, which will cause resonance, and when displacement of vibrating screen is called
resonance amplitude.
Tab3 Total amplitude of the vibrating screen in different damp
Damping ratio Steady-state Resonance
amplitude (mm) amplitude (mm)
0.08 6.363 32.5752
0.15 4.95542 28.5429
0.2 4.2882 22.9643
The numerical value of damp has great influence on steady-state amplitude and resonance
amplitude. The smaller the damp is, the larger steady-state amplitude is and the larger resonance
amplitude is. Tab3 shows different damping ratio has different influence on the situation of
vibrating. If damp of vibrating screen is too small, resonance amplitude will be very large, which is
a huge damage to vibrating screen; if damp is too large, though resonance amplitude diminishes but
steady-state amplitude will not reach requirement numerical value and not satisfy screening
efficiency sequentially. Therefore, choosing reasonable damp can not only satisfy screening
efficiency but also decrease the damage to vibrating screen in downtime via optimization design.

4. Conclusion
1) By means of dynamics simulation & analysis of banana-type line vibrating screen, we could
see transients vibration and steady-state vibration under the exciting force, and amplitude of
steady-state vibration is 4.9554 mm, which is significant guidance for subsequent optimal design.
2) Resonance has a huge influence on the life and intensity
of vibrating screen. Resonance amplitude is 28.5429mm which is about 5.7 times the normal
amplitude; therefore, the purpose is to shorten downtime ultimately, let vibrating screen pass the
resonance region quickly and decrease the damage to vibrating screen to the lowest. Damp has great
influence on steady-state amplitude and resonance amplitude; hence choosing reasonable damp can
not only satisfy screening efficiency but also decrease resonance amplitude in downtime.
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 157-158 959

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Mechatronics and Applied Mechanics
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.157-158

Dynamics Simulation of Banana-Type Line Vibrating Screen and Analysis of Applied Force of
Fastenings
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.157-158.954