Timah

Timah, ₅₀Sn
Timah; timaḥ
Bobot atom standar Ar, std(Sn)	118.710(7)
Timah ring tabél périodik
	indium ← timah → antimoni
Wilangan atom (Z)	50
Watek	golongan 14 (golongan karbon)
Période	période 5
Blok	blok-p
Konpigurasi éléktron	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Éléktron per kulit	2, 8, 18, 18, 4
Cecirén pisik
Pase ring STP	padet
Titik lebur	505.08 K (231.93 °C, 449.47 °F)
Titik didih	2875 K (2602 °C, 4716 °F)
Kapadetan (nampek s.r.)	putih, β: 7.265 g/cm3 ; klau, α: 5.769 g/cm3
ri kala éncéh (ring t.l.)	6.99 g/cm3
Panes fusi	putih, β: 7.03 kJ/mol
Panes panguapan	putih, β: 296.1 kJ/mol
Kapasitas panes molar	putih, β: 27.112 J/(mol·K)
Cecirén atom
Paindikan oksidasi	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (oksida ampotér)
Kaéléktronégatipan	skala Pauling: 1.96
Wasa ionisasi	ka-1: 708.6 kJ/mol ; ka-2: 1411.8 kJ/mol ; ka-3: 2943.0 kJ/mol ; ;
Jeriji atom	émpiris: 140 pm
Jeriji kovalén	139±4 pm
Jeriji Van der Waals	217 pm
	Garis spéktral saking timah
Cecirén liyanan
Rupa alami	primordial
Struktur kristal	tétragon acuan dasar ; putih (β)
Struktur kristal	kubus-rombus acuan ajeng ; klau (α)
Kagelisan swara pales tipis	2730 m/s (ring r.t.) (rolled)
Ékspansi térmal	22.0 µm/(m⋅K) (ring 25 °C)
Konduktivitas térmal	66.8 W/(m⋅K)
Resistivitas listrik	115 nΩ⋅m (ring 0 °C)
bacakan magnétik	klau: diamagnétik; putih (β): paramagnétik
Karentanan magnétik molar	(putih) +3.1×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Modulus Young	50 GPa
Modulus Shear	18 GPa
Modulus Bulk	58 GPa
Rasio Poisson	0.36
Kakatosan Mohs	1.5
Kakatosan Brinell	50–440 MPa
Nomor CAS	7440-31-5
Lelintihan
Panemuan	lelintihanproto, sawatara abad ka-35 SM
Isotop utama timah
	Kategori:Timah; cingak; pabligbagan; uah; \| pustaka

Timah^[7] silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol Sn (saking Latin: stannum) miwah wilangan atom 50. Timah punika logam mawarna pérak sané medué ceciren khas corak masawang kuning. Timah, sekadi indium, punika bélék antuk kagetep tan pawasa.^[8] Rikala abongkol timah kaléngkongang, napi kanikayang “elingan timah” prasida kapirengang manados asil saking kembaran ring kristal timah; cecirén puniki kagelahang olih indium, kadmium, séng, miwah rasa beku. Timah murni sesampun ngatosang ngajaga cingakan sekadi meka sané ketah ring akéhan logam. Menawi, makéhan paduan timah (sekadi péwtér), logam ngatosang antuk warna klau daki. Timah punika logam pasca transisi ring golongan 14 saking tabél datu périodik. Puniki kapolihang kautama saking mineral kasitérit, sané madaging oksida stannik, SnO₂. Timah ngenahang kapatehan kimiawi sareng kalih pisaga ipun ring seka 14, gérmanium miwah timbal, miwah ngelah paindikan oksidasi utama, +2 miwah +4 sané akedik langkung stabil. Timah punika datu pinih akéh ka-49 ring Gumi miwah madué, antuk 10 isotop stabil, akéh isotop stabil pinih ageng ring tabel periodik, mawinan proton nyané wilangan ajaib. Puniki madué kalih alotrop utama: ring suhu ruangan, alotrop stabilnya punika β-timah, logam mawarna putih masawang pérak, bélék, menawi ring suhu éndép, punika manadi timah klau sané nénten pekat, sané medué struktur berlian kubik. Timah logam tan aluh kaoksidasi ring udara.

Pustaka

↑ Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.
↑ "HSn". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Kaaksés 23 January 2013.
↑ "SnH3". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institure of Standards and Technology. Kaaksés 23 January 2013.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (édisi ka-86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
↑ Partami, Ni Luh; Sudiana, I Madé; Sukayana, I Nengah; Purwiati, Ida Ayu Mirah (2016), Kamus Bali-Indonésia Edisi ke-3, Balai Bahasa Bali, p. 726
↑ Gray, Theodore (2007). "Tin images". The Elements. Black Dog & Leventhal.

[CIAAW2013-1] Méija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[ZeroValentTin3-2] "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound". Chemistry Europe. 27 August 2016.

[3] "HSn". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Kaaksés 23 January 2013.

[4] "SnH3". NIST Chemistry WebBook. National Institure of Standards and Technology. Kaaksés 23 January 2013.

[5] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (édisi ka-86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[6] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[7] Partami, Ni Luh; Sudiana, I Madé; Sukayana, I Nengah; Purwiati, Ida Ayu Mirah (2016), Kamus Bali-Indonésia Edisi ke-3, Balai Bahasa Bali, p. 726

[8] Gray, Theodore (2007). "Tin images". The Elements. Black Dog & Leventhal.

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