Karbon

Karbon, ₆C
	Grafit (kiwa) miwah berlian (tengen), kalih alotrop karbon
Karbon; kaŕbon·
Cingakan	ening (intan) & selem (grafit)
Bobot atom standar Ar, std(C)	[12.0096, 12.0116] konvénsional: 12.011
Karbon ring tabél périodik
	boron ← karbon → nitrogén
Wilangan atom (Z)	6
Watek	golongan 14 (golongan karbon)
Période	période 2
Blok	blok-p
Konpigurasi éléktron	[Hé] 2s2 2p2
Éléktron per kulit	2,4
Cecirén pisik
Pase ring STP	Padat
Titik sublimasi	3915 K (3642 °C, 6588 °F)
Kapadetan (nampek s.r.)	Amorf: 1.8–2.1 g/cm3 ; Intan: 3.515 g/cm3 ; Grafit: 2.267 g/cm3
Titik tripel	4600 K, 10800 kPa
Panes fusi	117 (grafit) kJ/mol
Kapasitas panes molar	6.155 (intan); 8.517 (grafit) J/(mol·K)
Cecirén atom
Paindikan oksidasi	−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (oksida asam tenga)
Kaéléktronégatipan	skala Pauling: 2.55
Wasa ionisasi	(malih);
Jeriji kovalén	77(sp³), 73(sp²), 69(sp) pm
Jeriji Van der Waals	170 pm
	Garis spéktral saking karbon
Cecirén liyanan
Rupa alami	primordial
Struktur kristal	kubus-rombus acuan ajeng ; (intan, bening)
Kagelisan swara pales tipis	18350 (intan) m/s (ring 20 °C)
Ékspansi térmal	0.8 (intan) µm/(m⋅K) (ring 25 °C)
Konduktivitas térmal	900-2300 (intan); 119-165 (grafit) W/(m⋅K)
bacakan magnétik	diamagnetik
Modulus Young	1050 (intan) GPa
Modulus Shear	478 (intan) GPa
Modulus Bulk	442 (intan) GPa
Rasio Poisson	0.1 (intan)
Kakatosan Mohs	10 (intan); 1-2 (grafit)
Nomor CAS	7440-44-0
Lelintihan
Panemuan	Mesir Kuna & Wong Sumeria (3750 BC)
Diketahui sebagai unsur kimia oleh	A. Lavoisier (1789)
Isotop utama karbon
	Kategori:Karbon; cingak; pabligbagan; uah; \| pustaka

Berkas:Element 6.webm

Karbon Atom

Karbon (saking kruna Latin: carbo "batu bara") silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol C miwah wilangan atom 6. Inucap ten logam miwah tétravalén ngasilang papat éléktron kasedia antuk ngawentuk paiketan kimia kovalén. Punika rumasuk seka 14 saking tabél périodik.^[14] Karbon wantah ngawentuk sawatara 0,025 persén kerak gumi.^[15]

Pustaka

↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (édisi ka-86). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon. 14 (6): 357. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.
↑ Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon. 43 (6): 1115. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.
↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Kaaksés 2007-12-06.
↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Kaaksés 2007-12-06.
↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Kaaksés 2007-12-06.
↑ ^7,0 ^7,1 ^7,2 ^7,3 ^7,4 Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
↑ "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Kaaksés 2008-09-12.
↑ Senese, Fred (200-09-09). "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Kaaksés 2007-11-24. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Kaaksés 2007-12-06.
↑ "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Kaaksés 2007-12-06.
↑ "Carbon: Binary compounds". Kaaksés 2007-12-06.
↑ "carbon | Facts, Uses, & Properties". Encyclopedia Britannica (ring Inggris). Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2017-10-24.
↑ "carbon". Britannica encyclopedia.

[CRC-1] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (édisi ka-86). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[triple2-2] Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon. 14 (6): 357. doi:10.1016/0008-6223(76)90010-5.

[triple3-3] Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon. 43 (6): 1115. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.12.027.

[4] "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Kaaksés 2007-12-06.

[5] "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Kaaksés 2007-12-06.

[6] "Carbon: Binary compounds". Kaaksés 2007-12-06.

[ioffe-7] 7,0 ^7,1 ^7,2 ^7,3 ^7,4 Properties of diamond, Ioffe Institute Database

[8] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

[9] "History of Carbon and Carbon Materials - Center for Applied Energy Research - University of Kentucky". Caer.uky.edu. Kaaksés 2008-09-12.

[10] Senese, Fred (200-09-09). "Who discovered carbon?". Frostburg State University. Kaaksés 2007-11-24. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[11] "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the System of CP" (PDF). Kaaksés 2007-12-06.

[12] "Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the Electronic Transition of the Jet-Cooled CCI Free Radical" (PDF). Kaaksés 2007-12-06.

[13] "Carbon: Binary compounds". Kaaksés 2007-12-06.

[14] "carbon | Facts, Uses, & Properties". Encyclopedia Britannica (ring Inggris). Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2017-10-24.

[15] "carbon". Britannica encyclopedia.

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