Race and ethnicity on the ballot

Race and ethnicity on the ballot: This topic refers to ballot measures that directly address race and ethnicity issues and policies.

Ballot measures lists

By state Note: The list below automatically compiles all potential and certified ballot measures being tracked by Ballotpedia. Sometimes a measure that has been abandoned by petitioners or in the legislature will still be listed until a legal deadline passes. As more deadlines pass in any given year, the list will more accurately represent which measures will actually go before voters in the current year. Alabama Alabama Interracial Marriage, Amendment 2 (2000) Alabama Segregation Reference Ban Amendment, Amendment 4 (2012) Alabama Separation of Schools, Amendment 2 (2004) Arizona Arizona Measure Nos. 318-319, Prohibit Racial Segregation in Public Schools Initiative (1950) Arkansas Arkansas Free Public Education, Proposed Amendment 51 (1962) California California Proposition 21, Elimination of Racial and Ethnic Imbalances in Schools Initiative (1972) California Proposition 1, Desegregation Busing Court Orders Amendment (1979) California Proposition 11, Equal Employment Opportunity Initiative (1946) Colorado Colorado Amendment No. 8, Prohibition of Bussing Students to Achieve Racial Balance Initiative (1974) Florida Florida Equal Opportunity Education, Straw Poll 2 (March 1972) Florida Forced Busing, Straw Poll 1 (March 1972) Hawaii Hawaii Discrimination and Hawaiian Studies, Amendment 20 (1978) Idaho Idaho Indian Right to Vote, HJR 2 (1950) Iowa Iowa Qualifications of Electors, Amendment 1 (1868) Iowa Apportionment of Representatives, Amendment 4 (1868) Louisiana Louisiana Amendment 16, Racial Segregation in Public Schools Amendment (1954) Maine Maine Suffrage for Native Americans, Proposed Constitutional Amendment No. 2 (1954) Maryland Maryland Discrimination in Public Accommodations, Amendment 5 (1964) Maryland Prohibit Housing Discrimination, Question 4 (1968) Minnesota Minnesota Right to Vote, Amendment 1 (1865) Minnesota Right to Vote, Amendment 1 (1867) Minnesota Right to Vote, Amendment 1 (1868) Mississippi Mississippi Race and Marriage, Amendment 3 (1987) Mississippi Segregation, Amendment 4 (1978) Missouri Missouri Repeal Separate Schools for White and Colored Children, Amendment 5 (August 1976) New York New York Proposal 1, Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2024) North Carolina North Carolina Education Expense Grants and Local School Suspension Votes Amendment (September 1956) North Dakota North Dakota Elective Franchise Referendum (1920) Ohio Ohio Remove "White" From Voter Qualifications Amendment (September 1912) Oregon Oregon Measure Nos. 160-161, Repeal of Ban on Black and Mixed Race Persons Residing in Oregon Amendment (June 1900) Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Question 3, Equal Rights Regardless of Race or Ethnicity Amendment (May 2021) South Dakota South Dakota Native American Suffrage (1890) Texas Texas Proposition 7, Equal Rights Amendment (1972) Washington Washington Referendum 35, Non-Discrimination by Real Estate Brokers Measure (1968) Wisconsin Wisconsin Prohibit Government Discrimination or Preferential Treatment Amendment (2026) Wisconsin Question 2, African-American Male Suffrage Amendment (April 1847) Wisconsin Question 1, African-American Male Suffrage Measure (1857) Wisconsin Question 1, African-American Male Suffrage Measure (1865) Wisconsin Question 1, African-American Male Suffrage Measure (1849) By year Note: The list below automatically compiles all potential and certified ballot measures being tracked by Ballotpedia. Sometimes a measure that has been abandoned by petitioners or in the legislature will still be listed until a legal deadline passes. As more deadlines pass in any given year, the list will more accurately represent which measures will actually go before voters in the current year. 2026 Wisconsin Prohibit Government Discrimination or Preferential Treatment Amendment (2026) 2024 New York Proposal 1, Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2024) 2021 Pennsylvania Question 3, Equal Rights Regardless of Race or Ethnicity Amendment (May 2021) 2012 Alabama Segregation Reference Ban Amendment, Amendment 4 (2012) 2004 Alabama Separation of Schools, Amendment 2 (2004) 2000 Alabama Interracial Marriage, Amendment 2 (2000) 1987 Mississippi Race and Marriage, Amendment 3 (1987) 1979 California Proposition 1, Desegregation Busing Court Orders Amendment (1979) 1978 Hawaii Discrimination and Hawaiian Studies, Amendment 20 (1978) Mississippi Segregation, Amendment 4 (1978) 1976 Missouri Repeal Separate Schools for White and Colored Children, Amendment 5 (August 1976) 1974 Colorado Amendment No. 8, Prohibition of Bussing Students to Achieve Racial Balance Initiative (1974) 1972 Texas Proposition 7, Equal Rights Amendment (1972) Florida Equal Opportunity Education, Straw Poll 2 (March 1972) Florida Forced Busing, Straw Poll 1 (March 1972) California Proposition 21, Elimination of Racial and Ethnic Imbalances in Schools Initiative (1972) 1968 Washington Referendum 35, Non-Discrimination by Real Estate Brokers Measure (1968) Maryland Prohibit Housing Discrimination, Question 4 (1968) 1964 Maryland Discrimination in Public Accommodations, Amendment 5 (1964) 1962 Arkansas Free Public Education, Proposed Amendment 51 (1962) 1956 North Carolina Education Expense Grants and Local School Suspension Votes Amendment (September 1956) 1954 Maine Suffrage for Native Americans, Proposed Constitutional Amendment No. 2 (1954) Louisiana Amendment 16, Racial Segregation in Public Schools Amendment (1954) 1950 Idaho Indian Right to Vote, HJR 2 (1950) Arizona Measure Nos. 318-319, Prohibit Racial Segregation in Public Schools Initiative (1950) 1946 California Proposition 11, Equal Employment Opportunity Initiative (1946) 1920 North Dakota Elective Franchise Referendum (1920) 1912 Ohio Remove "White" From Voter Qualifications Amendment (September 1912) 1900 Oregon Measure Nos. 160-161, Repeal of Ban on Black and Mixed Race Persons Residing in Oregon Amendment (June 1900) Before 1900 Wisconsin Question 2, African-American Male Suffrage Amendment (April 1847) Wisconsin Question 1, African-American Male Suffrage Measure (1849) Wisconsin Question 1, African-American Male Suffrage Measure (1857) Minnesota Right to Vote, Amendment 1 (1865) Wisconsin Question 1, African-American Male Suffrage Measure (1865) Minnesota Right to Vote, Amendment 1 (1867) Iowa Qualifications of Electors, Amendment 1 (1868) Minnesota Right to Vote, Amendment 1 (1868) Iowa Apportionment of Representatives, Amendment 4 (1868) South Dakota Native American Suffrage (1890) Did not make ballot Did not make ballot Arizona "Stop Critical Race Theory and Racial Discrimination in Schools and Other Public Institutions Act" Amendment (2022) Arizona Race and Ethnicity Affirmative Action, Programs, and Requirements Amendment (2024)

Voting on race and ethnicity Ballot Measures By state By year Not on ballot Local Local race and ethnicity Issues Measures by topic Measures by year Measures by state