Ballot measure campaign finance, 2018

2018 U.S. state ballot measures
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This page summarizes the campaign finance data for statewide ballot measures certified to go before voters in 2018.

Overview

Ballotpedia tracked $1.186 billion in contributions to the ballot measure campaigns supporting and opposing the 148 certified 2018 measures and $1.16 billion in expenditures by those campaigns. These figures included both cash contributions and expenditures as well as in-kind goods and services. Support campaigns raised about 51 percent of the campaign funds. The 68 citizen-initiated measures featured about 83 percent of the campaign finance activity.

Note: This page contains information about the campaign finance for measures certified for 2018 ballots. It does not list information for measures that were proposed for the 2018 ballot but were not put on the ballot. To read articles about 2018 measures that did not make the ballot—some of which do cover campaign finance activity—click here.

This total of $1.185 billion includes contributions to campaigns supporting or opposing the 12 pre-November ballot measures. Contributions for pre-November ballot measure campaigns amounted to about $38 million.

In 2016, Ballotpedia tracked $1.01 billion in ballot measure campaign contributions for the 162 statewide ballot measures.

Contributions for individual measures

The five measures that featured the most in campaign contributions tracked by Ballotpedia were California Proposition 8, an initiative to limit the revenue of dialysis clinics and require refunds; Nevada Question 3, an initiative on it's second and final round at the ballot to require deregulation of energy markets and the elimination of energy monopolies; California Proposition 10, an initiative to allow local rent control; Arizona Proposition 127, an initiative to increase the state's renewable portfolio standards requirement; and California Proposition 6, an initiative to repeal fuel tax increases and vehicle fees that were enacted in 2017 and require voter approval for future gas taxes.

Three of the top 10 measures on November ballots featuring the most campaign contributions in support and opposition were in California, and two were in Florida. The following table illustrates the outcomes of the top ten measures:

Measure	Status	Support	Opposition
California Proposition 8: Limits on Dialysis Clinics' Revenue	d	$18,943,227.65	$111,482,980.16
Nevada Question 3: Energy Market	d	$33,432,598.21	$63,960,356.43
California Proposition 10: Local Rent Control	d	$25,295,590.67	$71,366,691.31
Arizona Proposition 127: Renewable Energy Standards	d	$	$
California Proposition 6: Voter Approval for Future Gas and Vehicle Taxes and 2017 Tax Repeal	d	$5,161,188.80	$46,719,587.54
Washington Initiative 1631: Carbon Emissions Fee	d	$16,398,381.52	$31,591,364.54
Florida Amendment 3: Voter Approval of Casino Gambling	a	$46,151,662.59	$1,769,842.00
Florida Amendment 6: Marsy's Law, Judicial Retirement Age, and Judicial Interpretation	a	$37,252,863.00	$0.00
Massachusetts Question 1: Nurse-Patient Assignment Limits	d	$12,044,919.81	$24,808,566.78
Colorado Proposition 112: Minimum Distance Requirements for New Oil, Gas, and Fracking Projects	d	$1,685,374.63	$31,873,580.51

Summaries of the top ten November measures with most contributions to the support and opposition campaigns are listed below:

Click on each link to see what the measure was designed to do, arguments and endorsements in support and opposition, a list of top donors, and more. California Proposition 8: Limits on Dialysis Clinics' Revenue and Requirement Refunds Initiative d - The support campaign raised $18.9 million—95 percent of which was from the labor organization SEIU-UHW West. The opposition campaign raised $111.5 million—98 percent of which came from dialysis companies DaVita, Fresenius Medical Care North America, and U.S. Renal Care. Nevada Question 3: Legislature to Minimize Regulations on the Energy Market and Eliminate Legal Energy Monopolies Initiative d - The support campaign raised $33.4 million, and the opposition raised $64.0 million. Las Vegas Sands Corporation and Switch were the two largest contributors to the support campaign. NV Energy was the largest contributor to the opposition campaign providing 99.9 percent of the funds. In Nevada, initiated constitutional amendments need to be approved in two even-numbered election years. On the ballot as Question 3 in 2016, this amendment was approved once. The totals reported here applied only to the committees active following January 2017. For Question 3 of 2016, a combined total of $4.35 million was raised between supporters and opponents. The support committee, Nevadans for Affordable, Clean Energy Choices, raised $3.44 million. The opposition committee, No Handouts to Billionaires Committee, received $910,000. California Proposition 10: Local Rent Control Initaitive d - This initiative would have allowed local governments to adopt laws and regulations to govern how much landlords can charge tenants for renting apartments and houses. The support campaign raised $25.3 million—with 91 percent of funds received from the AIDS Healthcare Foundation. The opposition campaign raised $71.4 million. The largest opposition contributions of $8.0 million, $6.6 million, and $5.8 million, respectively, were from (a) the California Association of Realtors Issues Mobilization PAC; (b) Essex Property Trust, Inc., and Affiliated Entities; and (c) Blackstone Property Partners, L.P.; Breit MF Holdings LLC; Blackstone Real Estate Partners (VI Through VIII), L.P.; and their Holdings. Arizona Proposition 127: Renewable Energy Standards Initiative d - This initiative would have required electric utilities in Arizona to acquire a certain percentage of electricity from renewable resources each year, with the percentage increasing annually from 12 percent in 2020 to 50 percent in 2030. The support campaign raised $24.1 million, and the opposition campaign raised $40.9 million. The largest donor to the support campaign was NextGen Climate Action, founded by Tom Steyer. NextGen Climate Action contributed 95 percent of support contributions. The largest donor to the opposition campaign was the Pinnacle West Capital Corporation, which provided $40 million. California Proposition 6: Voter Approval for Future Gas and Vehicle Taxes and 2017 Tax Repeal Initiative d - This initiative would have repealed fuel tax increases and vehicle fees that were enacted in 2017—including the Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017 (RRAA)—and required voter approval (via ballot propositions) for the California State Legislature to impose, increase, or extend fuel taxes or vehicle fees in the future. The ballot measure committee Repeal the Gas Tax - Give Voters A Voice led the campaign in support of Proposition 6. The Repeal the Gas Tax and allied committees raised $5.1 million, including $467,143 from the California Republican Party; $300,000 from Kevin McCarthy's campaign committee; $250,000 from John Cox's campaign committee; and $250,000 from Protect Prop. 13, A Project of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association. On July 3, 2018, The Coalition to Protect Local Transportation Improvements, which supported Proposition 69, reorganized as No on Prop 6. No on Prop 6 and allied committees raised $46.7 million. Around $1.2 million was spent on Proposition 69 and local ballot measures, leaving the opposing campaign with about $45.5 million for opposition to Proposition 6. The largest contributors to the opposition committees included the California Alliance for Jobs - Rebuild California Committee ($5.0 million), the Laborers Pacific Southwest Regional Organizing Coalition Issues PAC ($1.9 million), Southern California District Council of Laborers Issues PAC ($1.7 million), Members' Voice of the State Building and Construction Trades Council of California ($1.6 million), and International Union of Operating Engineers ($1.5 million). Washington Initiative 1631: Carbon Emissions Fee Measure d - This initiative was designed to establish a carbon fee applied to large sources of carbon emissions. The support committees Clean Air Clean Energy WA and Fuse Voters raised $16.4 million. The top donors to the support campaign were The Nature Conservancy, the League of Conservation Voters, and Bill and Melinda Gates. The opposition campaign was funded by two different committees: No on 1631 (Sponsored by Western States Petroleum Association) and I-1631 Sponsored by the Association of Washington Business. Together the two committees raised $31.6 million. The top donors in opposition to the measure were BP America, Phillips 66, and Andeavor. Florida Amendment 3: Voter Approval of Casino Gambling Initiative a - The support campaign raised $46.2 million. The support campaign received its largest contributions from the Seminole Tribe of Florida ($24.3 million) and Disney Worldwide Services, Inc. ($20.6 million). The opposition campaign raised $1.8 million. West Flagler Associates, LTD, contributed $1.5 to the opposition campaign. Florida Amendment 6: Marsy's Law, Judicial Retirement Age, and Judicial Interpretation of Laws and Rules a - This amendment was put on the ballot by the Florida Constitution Revision Commission and was designed to do three things: (1) add a Marsy's Law crime victim bill of rights to the constitution, (2) increase the judicial retirement age from 70 to 75 years of age, and (3) prohibit state courts from deferring to an administrative agency’s interpretation of a state statute or rule in lawsuits. The committee registered in support of the measure is Marsy's Law for Florida. The committee received a total of $46.2 million in contributions. Marsy's Law for All Foundation and Henry Nicholas, the founder of Marsy's Law for All, provided all of the committee's contributions. In Florida, a 60 percent supermajority is required for approval of a constitutional amendment. Massachusetts Question 1: Nurse-Patient Assignment Limits Initiative d - This initiative was designed to establish patient assignment limits for registered nurses working in hospitals. The support committee, the Committee to Ensure Safe Patient Care, raised $12.0 million. The Massachusetts Nurses Association provided 96 percent of the support contributions. The opposition committee, the Coalition to Protect Patient Safety, raised $24.9 million. The Massachusetts Health & Hospital Association provided 95 percent of the opposition contributions. Colorado Proposition 112: Minimum Distance Requirements for New Oil, Gas, and Fracking Projects d - This initiative would have mandated that new oil and gas development projects, including fracking, be a minimum distance of 2,500 feet from occupied buildings and other areas designated as vulnerable. Colorado Rising for Health and Safety and allied support committees raised $1.7 million. The top donor was the Food and Water Watch Action Fund, which provided $445,984.00 to the support campaign. Protecting Colorado's Environment, Economy, and Energy Independence—also known as Protect Colorado—was registered to oppose Proposition 112. The committee raised a net of $31.9 million, with the largest amounts from the Anadarko Petroleum Corp. ($6.9 million), Noble Energy Inc. ($6.2 million), and PDC Energy ($5.6 million). The Protect Colorado committee provided an additional $10.8 million in contributions to the Committee for Colorado's Shared Heritage, a committee which supported Amendment 74. Amendment 74 was designed to require property owners to be compensated for any reduction in property value caused by state laws or regulations.

Contributions by state

The states with the most ballot measure campaign finance activity reported in support of or opposition to all 2018 measures certified for the ballot were as follows:

1. California - $369,313,672.27 in contributions
2. Nevada - $127,633,657.23 in contributions
3. Florida - $126,176,280.94 in contributions
4. Washington - $79,942,232.45 in contributions
5. Arizona - $76,149,621.83 in contributions
6. Colorado - $70,409,321.18 in contributions
7. Missouri - $47,843,819.55 in contributions
8. Massachusetts - $46,420,966.99 in contributions

9. Montana - $35,463,345.66 in contributions
10. Oregon - $34,836,571.08 in contributions
11. Michigan - $32,164,577.74 in contributions
12. Ohio - $19,604,630.89 in contributions
13. North Carolina - $17,987,402.46 in contributions
14. Idaho - $15,042,549.32 in contributions
15. Alaska - $13,480,926.45 in contributions

2018 ballot measure contributions

The charts below list all of the measures certified to appear on the ballot in 2018, along with the supporting and opposing contributions for each measure, the outcome of each measure—when available—and the date on which the campaign finance information was last updated. Blank cells in the charts below indicate that campaign finance information is unavailable or not yet compiled.

Click on the arrows at the top of each column to sort the data according to that column. Measures put on the ballot through citizen petitions generally attract more spending than measures put before voters by the legislature. The measures listed below are broken out into one chart for citizen initiatives and veto referendums and another chart for legislative referrals and automatic ballot referrals.

Initiatives and veto referendums

The measures listed in this section were put on the ballot through citizen signature petition campaigns to propose a new law through initiatives or to seek the repeal of a law passed by the legislature through a veto referendum.

Ballot Measure:	Support contributions:	Opposition contributions:	Outcome:
Florida Amendment 3, Voter Approval of Casino Gambling Initiative (2018)	$46,151,662.59	$1,769,842.00	a
Florida Amendment 4, Voting Rights Restoration for Felons Initiative (2018)	$26,252,067.01	$0.00	a
Nevada Question 4, Medical Equipment Sales Tax Exemption Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Missouri Amendment 2, Medical Marijuana and Veteran Healthcare Services Initiative (2018)	$	$	a
Missouri Amendment 3, Medical Marijuana and Biomedical Research and Drug Development Institute Initiative (2018)	$	$	d
Oklahoma State Question 793, Right of Optometrists and Opticians to Practice in Retail Establishments Initiative (2018)	$	$	d
North Dakota Measure 1, Ethics Commission, Foreign Political Contribution Ban, and Conflicts of Interest Initiative (2018)	$	$	a
Michigan Proposal 3, Voting Policies in State Constitution Initiative (2018)	$	$	a
North Dakota Measure 2, Citizen Requirement for Voting Amendment Initiative (2018)	$	$	a
South Dakota Constitutional Amendment W, State Campaign Finance and Lobbying Laws, Government Accountability Board, and Initiative Process Amendment (2018)	$	$	d
Michigan Proposal 2, Independent Redistricting Commission Initiative (2018)	$	$	a
Missouri Amendment 1, Lobbying, Campaign Finance, and Redistricting Initiative (2018)	$	$	a
Arizona Proposition 126, Prohibit New or Increased Taxes on Services Initiative (2018)	$	$	a
Arizona Proposition 127, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2018)	$	$	d
Ohio Issue 1, Drug and Criminal Justice Policies Initiative (2018)	$	$	d
Colorado Amendment 74, Compensation to Owners for Decreased Property Value Due to State Regulation Initiative (2018)	$11,234,317.72	$8,025,521.11	d
Colorado Amendment 73, Establish Income Tax Brackets and Raise Taxes for Education Initiative (2018)	$1,386,701.60	$2,595,173.74	d
Oregon Measure 104, Definition of Raising Revenue for Three-Fifths Vote Requirement Initiative (2018)	$3,449,301.30	$10,222,329.62	d
California Proposition 5, Property Tax Transfer Initiative (2018)	$13,224,875.08	$3,324,418.89	d
Oregon Measure 106, Ban Public Funds for Abortions Initiative (2018)	$439,098.79	$13,854,495.45	d
Nevada Question 6, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2018)	$10,740,223.29	$0.00	a
Nevada Question 3, Changes to Energy Market and Prohibit State-Sanctioned Electric-Generation Monopolies Amendment (2018)	$33,432,598.21	$63,960,356.43	d
California Proposition 6, Voter Approval for Future Gas and Vehicle Taxes and 2017 Tax Repeal Initiative (2018)	$5,161,188.80	$46,719,587.54	d
Oregon Measure 103, Ban Tax on Groceries Initiative (2018)	$8,176,515.66	$11,390,008.73	d
Arkansas Issue 4, Casinos Authorized in Crittenden, Garland, Pope, and Jefferson Counties Initiative (2018)	$10,209,129.15	$154,432.00	a
Missouri Proposition B, $12 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)	$	$	a
Oregon Measure 105, Repeal Sanctuary State Law Initiative (2018)	$477,388.06	$12,048,521.34	d
Idaho Proposition 2, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (2018)	$	$
Massachusetts Question 2, Advisory Commission for Amendments to the U.S. Constitution Regarding Corporate Personhood and Political Spending Initiative (2018)	$330,771.65	$0.00	a
Massachusetts Question 1, Nurse-Patient Assignment Limits Initiative (2018)	$12,044,919.81	$24,808,566.78	d
Michigan Proposal 1, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2018)	$	$	a
North Dakota Measure 3, Marijuana Legalization and Automatic Expungement Initiative (2018)	$	$	d
Oklahoma State Question 788, Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative (June 2018)/Full article	$280,116.55	$1,261,436.02	a
Colorado Proposition 109, "Fix Our Damn Roads" Transportation Bond Initiative (2018)	$778,595.30	$7,407,939.11	d
Washington Initiative 940, Police Training and Criminal Liability in Cases of Deadly Force Measure (2018)	$3,291,215.61	$288,720.57	a
Maine Question 1, Payroll and Non-Wage Income Taxes for Home Care Program Initiative (2018)	$	$	d
Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Salmon Habitat Protections and Permits Initiative (2018)	$	$	d
Utah Proposition 2, Medical Marijuana Initiative (2018)	$	$
South Dakota Initiated Measure 25, Tobacco Tax Increase Initiative (2018)	$	$	d
Missouri Proposition C, Medical Marijuana and Veterans Healthcare Services, Education, Drug Treatment, and Public Safety Initiative (2018)	$	$	d
South Dakota Initiated Measure 24, Ban Out-of-State Contributions to Ballot Question Committees Initiative (2018)	$	$	a/ot
Montana I-186, Requirements for Permits and Reclamation Plans of New Hard Rock Mines Initiative (2018)	$	$	d
Nebraska Initiative 427, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (2018)	$	$	a
North Dakota Measure 4, Special License Plates and Free Access to State Parks for Volunteer Emergency Responders Initiative (2018)	$	$	a
Michigan Repeal Prevailing Wages and Fringe Benefits on State Projects Initiative (2018)	$1,553,820.57	$782,027.62
Arkansas Issue 5, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2018)	$1,501,310.80	$151,100.00	a
California Proposition 11, Ambulance Employees Paid On-Call Breaks, Training, and Mental Health Services Initiative (2018)	$29,887,769.96	$0.00	a
California Proposition 12, Farm Animal Confinement Initiative (2018)	$13,312,539.22	$689,278.60	a
California Proposition 4, Children's Hospital Bonds Initiative (2018)	$11,465,759.35	$0.00	a
Oklahoma State Question 788, Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative (June 2018)	$	$	a
Utah Proposition 4, Independent Advisory Commission on Redistricting Initiative (2018)	$	$
Colorado Proposition 112, Minimum Distance Requirements for New Oil, Gas, and Fracking Projects Initiative (2018)	$1,685,374.63	$31,873,580.51	d
Colorado Proposition 110, "Let's Go Colorado" Transportation Bond and Sales Tax Increase Initiative (2018)	$7,405,307.11	$30,000.00	d
Idaho Proposition 1, Authorize Betting on Historical Horse Races Initiative (2018)	$	$	d
Montana I-185, Extend Medicaid Expansion and Increase Tobacco Taxes Initiative (2018)	$	$	d
Colorado Proposition 111, Limits on Payday Loan Charges Initiative (2018)	$2,192,819.68	$0.00	a
California Proposition 8, Limits on Dialysis Clinics' Revenue and Required Refunds Initiative (2018)	$18,943,227.65	$111,482,980.16	d
Washington Initiative 1639, Changes to Gun Ownership and Purchase Requirements Measure (2018)	$5,548,232.39	$764,337.06	a
Nevada Question 5, Automatic Voter Registration via DMV Initiative (2018)	$10,216,225.11	$0.00	a
Washington Initiative 1631, Carbon Emissions Fee Measure (2018)	$16,398,381.52	$31,591,364.54	d
California Proposition 10, Local Rent Control Initiative (2018)	$25,295,590.67	$71,366,691.31	d
Washington Initiative 1634, Prohibit Local Taxes on Groceries Measure (2018)	$20,214,513.97	$33,126.85	a
California Proposition 3, Water Infrastructure and Watershed Conservation Bond Initiative (2018)	$4,936,583.46	$0.00	d
Oregon Measure 101, Healthcare Insurance Premiums Tax for Medicaid Referendum (January 2018)	$3,825,025.25	$404,271.99	a
Massachusetts Question 3, Gender Identity Anti-Discrimination Veto Referendum (2018)	$6,084,831.59	$663,421.76	a
Missouri Proposition A, Right to Work Referendum (August 2018)	$	$	d
Maine Question 1, Ranked-Choice Voting Delayed Enactment and Automatic Repeal Referendum (June 2018)	$	$	a
Arizona Proposition 305, Expansion of Empowerment Scholarship Accounts Referendum (2018)	$	$	d

Legislative and automatic referrals

The measures listed below were put on the ballot by the state legislature or automatically required by a state law or the state constitution. These types of measures usually generate less campaign spending than initiatives and veto referendums.

Ballot Measure:	Support contributions:	Opposition contributions:	Outcome:
Washington Advisory Vote 19, Non-Binding Question on Oil Spill Tax Repeal (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	d
Utah Nonbinding Opinion Question 1, 10 Cents per Gallon Gas Tax Increase for Education and Local Roads (2018)	$	$	d
Hawaii Constitutional Convention Question (2018)	$0.00	$740,000.00	d
New Mexico Bond Question D, Higher Education, Special Schools, and Tribal Schools (2018)	$331,188.09	$0.00	a
New Mexico Bond Question B, Public Libraries (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
New Mexico Bond Question C, School Buses (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
New Jersey Public Question 1, School Projects Bond (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Rhode Island Question 2, Higher Education Facilities Bond Measure (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
New Mexico Bond Question A, Senior Citizen Facilities (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Maine Question 3, Transportation Bond Issue (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Maine Question 4, University of Maine System Bond Issue (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Maine Question 2, Wastewater Infrastructure Bond Issue (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Maine Question 5, Community Colleges Bond Issue (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
California Proposition 68, Parks, Environment, and Water Bond (June 2018)	$6,631,682.28	$0.00	a
California Proposition 1, Housing Programs and Veterans' Loans Bond (2018)	$7,239,732.07	$0.00	a
Florida Amendment 13, Ban on Wagering on Dog Races Amendment (2018)	$3,382,554.34	$142,443.50	a
Florida Amendment 10, State and Local Government Structure Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Florida Amendment 11, Repeal Prohibition on Aliens' Property Ownership, Delete Obsolete Provision on High-Speed Rail, and Repeal of Criminal Statutes' Effect on Prosecution Amendment (2018)	$64,062.00	$0.00	a
Florida Amendment 9, Ban Offshore Oil and Gas Drilling and Ban Vaping in Enclosed Indoor Workplaces Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Florida Amendment 12, Lobbying Restrictions Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Florida Amendment 7, First Responder and Military Member Survivor Benefits, Supermajority Board Votes for College Fees, and State College System Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Florida Amendment 6, Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights, Judicial Retirement Age, and Judicial Interpretation of Laws and Rules Amendment (2018)	$37,252,863.00	$0.00	a
Wisconsin Question 1, Elimination of State Treasurer Amendment (April 2018)	$	$	d
Virginia Question 1, Property Tax Exemption for Flood Abatement Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Indiana Public Question 1, Balanced Budget Amendment (2018)	$0	$0	a
South Carolina Amendment 1, Appointed Superintendent of Education Measure (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	d
Missouri Amendment 4, Management and Advertisement of Bingo Games Amendment (2018)	$	$	a
New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 2, Independent Ethics Commission Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Georgia Amendment 3, Forest Land Conservation and Timberland Properties Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
California Proposition 71, Effective Date of Ballot Measures Amendment (June 2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Maryland Question 2, Election-Day Voter Registration Amendment (2018)	$13,175.64	$0.00	a
Virginia Question 2, Remove Restriction on Residence for Surviving Spouse of Disabled Veteran Tax Exemption Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Oregon Measure 102, Removes Restriction that Affordable Housing Projects Funded by Municipal Bonds be Government Owned (2018)	$10,317,746.07	$0.00	a
Maryland Question 1, Gambling Revenue Dedicated to Education Lockbox Amendment (2018)	$1,192,520.34	$0.00	a
South Dakota Constitutional Amendment Z, Single-Subject Rule for Constitutional Amendments (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Oklahoma State Question 801, Allow Certain Voter-Approved Property Taxes to Fund School District Operations Amendment (2018)	$	$	d
New Hampshire Question 1, Taxpayer Standing to Bring Legal Actions Against Government Amendment (2018)	$17,564.39	$0.00	a
Alabama Amendment 3, Board of Trustees Membership for University of Alabama Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Georgia Amendment 4, Marsy's Law Crime Victim Rights Amendment (2018)	$8,730,000.00	$0.00	a
New Hampshire Question 2, Right to Live Free from Governmental Intrusion in Private and Personal Information Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
North Carolina Legislative Appointments to Elections Board Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$9,266,902.46	d
South Dakota Constitutional Amendment Y, Changes to Marsy's Law Crime Victim Rights Amendment (June 2018)	$	$	a
Georgia Amendment 2, Establish a State Business Court Amendment (2018)	$	$	a
Kentucky Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights Amendment (2018)	$5,095,000.00	$0.00	ot
Louisiana Amendment 6, Phase-In of Tax Increases from Property Reappraisal Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Utah Constitutional Amendment C, Changes Related to Special Legislative Sessions and State Revenue Measure (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
North Carolina Judicial Selection for Midterm Vacancies Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$9,266,902.46	d
Utah Constitutional Amendment B, Tax Exemption for Property Leased by a Government Entity (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	d
Louisiana Amendment 4, No Dedication of Transportation Trust Fund Revenue to State Police Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Alabama Amendment 1, Ten Commandments Amendment (2018)	$36,378.14	$0.00	a
Alabama Amendment 2, State Abortion Policy Amendment (2018)	$7,993.00	$1,564,749.97	a
Alabama Amendment 4, Legislative Vacancies Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Arizona Proposition 125, Adjustments to Elected Officials' and Corrections Officer's Retirement Plans Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Arkansas Issue 2, Voter ID Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
Florida Amendment 5, Two-Thirds Vote of Legislature to Increase Taxes or Fees Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a
North Carolina Voter ID Amendment (2018)	$673,500.00	$9,266,902.46	a
North Carolina Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2018)	$0.00	$9,266,902.46	a
California Proposition 69, Transportation Taxes and Fees Lockbox and Appropriations Limit Exemption Amendment (June 2018)	$11,196,378.59	$0.00	a
California Proposition 72, Rainwater Capture Systems Excluded from Property Tax Assessments Amendment (June 2018)	$84,745.28	$0.00	a
Nevada Question 1, Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights Amendment (2018)	$9,284,254.19	$0.00	a
Florida Amendment 2, Permanent Cap on Nonhomestead Parcel Assessment Increases Amendment (2018)	$11,040,786.50	$120,000.00	a
West Virginia Amendment 1, No Right to Abortion in Constitution Measure (2018)	$9,298.50	$0.00	a
Georgia Amendment 1, Portion of Revenue from Outdoor Recreation Equipment Sales Tax Dedicated to Land Conservation Fund Amendment (2018)	$610,268.34	$0.00	a
Louisiana Amendment 2, Unanimous Jury Verdict for Felony Trials Amendment (2018)	$2,151,940.07	$0.00	a
Colorado Amendment Z, Independent Commission for State Legislative Redistricting Amendment (2018)	$5,807,761.61	$0.00	a
North Carolina Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights Amendment (2018)	$8,047,000.00	$9,266,902.46	a
Ohio Issue 1, Congressional Redistricting Procedures Amendment (May 2018)	$	$	a
Colorado Amendment A, Removal of Exception to Slavery Prohibition for Criminals Amendment (2018)	$60,006.07	$0.00	a
Oklahoma State Question 794, Marsy's Law Crime Victim Rights Amendment (2018)	$	$	a
California Proposition 70, Vote Requirement to Use Cap-and-Trade Revenue Amendment (June 2018)	$0.00	$55,544.09	d
Colorado Amendment Y, Independent Commission for Congressional Redistricting Amendment (2018)	$5,807,761.61	$0.00	a
Oklahoma State Question 798, Governor and Lieutenant Governor Joint Ticket Amendment (2018)	$	$	d
Oklahoma State Question 800, Oil and Gas Development Tax Revenue Investment Fund Amendment (2018)	$	$	d
Utah Constitutional Amendment A, Active Military Property Tax Exemption Measure (2018)	$	$	a
Georgia Referendum A, Homestead Municipal Property Tax Exemption Measure (2018)	$	$	a
Missouri Proposition D, Gas Tax Increase, Olympic Prize Tax Exemption, and Traffic Reduction Fund Measure (2018)	$	$	d
Georgia Referendum B, Include Business-Financed Properties in Existing Non-Profit Mentally Disabled Housing Tax Exemption Measure (2018)	$	$	a
Montana LR-128, Property Tax for State University System Measure (2018)	$	$	a
Arizona Proposition 306, Clean Election Account Uses and Commission Rulemaking Measure (2018)	$	$	a
California Proposition 7, Legislative Power to Change Daylight Saving Time Measure (2018)	$0.00	$0.00	a

Comparison to prior years

In 2016, contributions to ballot measure campaigns exceeded a combined total of $1 billion. The average amount spent on a ballot measure was $6.2 million, with $12.3 million as the average for the 76 citizen-initiated measures and $881,907 as the average for the 86 legislative and automatic referrals.

The table below provides the data for the charts above covering the total and average contributions to ballot measure campaigns from 2016 through 2022:

Note: The following table sums contributions for each measure. Some PACs supported multiple measures.

Contributions and average contributions by year
Year		Initiatives	Referrals	Total
Average per measure	$4,302,856.94	$460,083.16	$1,146,292.76
2016	Total	$936,000,000.00	$76,000,000.00	$1,012,000,000.00
	Average per measure	$12,318,977.91	$881,907.49	$6,246,913.58
2017	Total	$101,243,242.47	$7,520,734.80	$108,763,977.27
	Average per measure	$25,310,810.62	$326,988.47	$4,028,295.45
2018	Total	$984,133,527.91	$201,569,517.77	$1,185,703,045.68
	Average per measure	$14,472,551.88	$2,036,055.74	$7,100,018.24
2019	Total	$9,317,974.94	$18,722,299.14	$28,040,274.08
	Average per measure	$4,658,987.47	$550,655.86	$778,896.50
2020	Total	$988,404,738.19	$281,531,292.72	$1,269,936,030.91
	Average per measure	$23,533,446.15	$3,235,991.87	$9,844,465.36
2021	Total	$105,470,164.28	$1,626,754.58	$107,004,044.04
	Average per measure	$26,367,541.07	$46,478.70	$2,743,693.44
2022	Total	$1,075,470,522.80	$138,543,927.22	$1,214,014,450.02
	Average per measure	$35,849,017.43	$4,198,300.82	$19,272,448.82

See also

• 2018 ballot measures
• Ballot measure signature costs, 2018
• Ballot Measure Scorecard, 2018