Ballot Measure Scorecard, 2018
The Ballot Measure Scorecard lists statewide ballot measures certified for elections in 2018, along with indirect initiated measures that were approved by legislatures.
The Scorecard filters certified initiatives based on type of ballot measure.
See also: Overview of 2018 ballot measures
Certified for ballot
Statewide ballot measures were listed here once they had officially qualified or been scheduled to appear on the ballot. All statewide measures are listed by election date, including citizen initiatives, veto referendums, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, legislatively referred state statutes, legislatively referred bond questions, commission referrals, and automatic referrals. Measures that were certified for the ballot could still be removed from the ballot by a court ruling.
January 23
April 3
June 5
- California Proposition 71, Effective Date of Ballot Measures Amendment (June 2018)
- South Dakota Constitutional Amendment Y, Changes to Marsy's Law Crime Victim Rights Amendment (June 2018)
June 26
- Oklahoma State Question 788, Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative (June 2018)/Full article
- Oklahoma State Question 788, Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative (June 2018)
August 7
November 6
- Massachusetts Question 3, Gender Identity Anti-Discrimination Veto Referendum (2018)
- Hawaii Constitutional Convention Question (2018)
- Oregon Measure 105, Repeal Sanctuary State Law Initiative (2018)
- Missouri Amendment 3, Medical Marijuana and Biomedical Research and Drug Development Institute Initiative (2018)
- Missouri Amendment 2, Medical Marijuana and Veteran Healthcare Services Initiative (2018)
- Nevada Question 4, Medical Equipment Sales Tax Exemption Amendment (2018)
- Missouri Proposition B, $12 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
- Florida Amendment 4, Voting Rights Restoration for Felons Initiative (2018)
- Montana LR-128, Property Tax for State University System Measure (2018)
- Virginia Question 2, Remove Restriction on Residence for Surviving Spouse of Disabled Veteran Tax Exemption Amendment (2018)
- Virginia Question 1, Property Tax Exemption for Flood Abatement Amendment (2018)
- South Carolina Amendment 1, Appointed Superintendent of Education Measure (2018)
- Georgia Amendment 3, Forest Land Conservation and Timberland Properties Amendment (2018)
- Georgia Amendment 4, Marsy's Law Crime Victim Rights Amendment (2018)
- New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 2, Independent Ethics Commission Amendment (2018)
- Oklahoma State Question 793, Right of Optometrists and Opticians to Practice in Retail Establishments Initiative (2018)
- Maryland Question 2, Election-Day Voter Registration Amendment (2018)
- Missouri Amendment 4, Management and Advertisement of Bingo Games Amendment (2018)
- Florida Amendment 3, Voter Approval of Casino Gambling Initiative (2018)
- Michigan Proposal 1, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2018)
- Michigan Repeal Prevailing Wages and Fringe Benefits on State Projects Initiative (2018)
- Washington Initiative 940, Police Training and Criminal Liability in Cases of Deadly Force Measure (2018)
- South Dakota Initiated Measure 24, Ban Out-of-State Contributions to Ballot Question Committees Initiative (2018) /
- Utah Proposition 2, Medical Marijuana Initiative (2018)
- South Dakota Constitutional Amendment W, State Campaign Finance and Lobbying Laws, Government Accountability Board, and Initiative Process Amendment (2018)
- South Dakota Initiated Measure 25, Tobacco Tax Increase Initiative (2018)
- Massachusetts Question 1, Nurse-Patient Assignment Limits Initiative (2018)
- Massachusetts Question 2, Advisory Commission for Amendments to the U.S. Constitution Regarding Corporate Personhood and Political Spending Initiative (2018)
- Michigan Proposal 2, Independent Redistricting Commission Initiative (2018)
- Utah Proposition 3, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (2018)
- Missouri Proposition C, Medical Marijuana and Veterans Healthcare Services, Education, Drug Treatment, and Public Safety Initiative (2018)
- Idaho Proposition 2, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (2018)
- Maine Question 1, Payroll and Non-Wage Income Taxes for Home Care Program Initiative (2018)
- North Dakota Measure 3, Marijuana Legalization and Automatic Expungement Initiative (2018)
- Kentucky Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights Amendment (2018)
- New Mexico Bond Question A, Senior Citizen Facilities (2018)
- New Mexico Bond Question B, Public Libraries (2018)
- New Mexico Bond Question C, School Buses (2018)
- New Mexico Bond Question D, Higher Education, Special Schools, and Tribal Schools (2018)
- Michigan Proposal 3, Voting Policies in State Constitution Initiative (2018)
- Utah Constitutional Amendment B, Tax Exemption for Property Leased by a Government Entity (2018)
- Oregon Measure 102, Removes Restriction that Affordable Housing Projects Funded by Municipal Bonds be Government Owned (2018)
- Alabama Amendment 3, Board of Trustees Membership for University of Alabama Amendment (2018)
- New Hampshire Question 2, Right to Live Free from Governmental Intrusion in Private and Personal Information Amendment (2018)
- North Dakota Measure 4, Special License Plates and Free Access to State Parks for Volunteer Emergency Responders Initiative (2018)
- South Dakota Constitutional Amendment Z, Single-Subject Rule for Constitutional Amendments (2018)
- Utah Constitutional Amendment C, Changes Related to Special Legislative Sessions and State Revenue Measure (2018)
- New Hampshire Question 1, Taxpayer Standing to Bring Legal Actions Against Government Amendment (2018)
- Georgia Amendment 2, Establish a State Business Court Amendment (2018)
- Utah Nonbinding Opinion Question 1, 10 Cents per Gallon Gas Tax Increase for Education and Local Roads (2018)
- Oklahoma State Question 801, Allow Certain Voter-Approved Property Taxes to Fund School District Operations Amendment (2018)
- North Dakota Measure 1, Ethics Commission, Foreign Political Contribution Ban, and Conflicts of Interest Initiative (2018)
- Maryland Question 1, Gambling Revenue Dedicated to Education Lockbox Amendment (2018)
- Colorado Proposition 109, "Fix Our Damn Roads" Transportation Bond Initiative (2018)
- Louisiana Amendment 6, Phase-In of Tax Increases from Property Reappraisal Amendment (2018)
- Louisiana Amendment 4, No Dedication of Transportation Trust Fund Revenue to State Police Amendment (2018)
- Nebraska Initiative 427, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (2018)
- Florida Amendment 9, Ban Offshore Oil and Gas Drilling and Ban Vaping in Enclosed Indoor Workplaces Amendment (2018)
- Florida Amendment 10, State and Local Government Structure Amendment (2018)
- Florida Amendment 11, Repeal Prohibition on Aliens' Property Ownership, Delete Obsolete Provision on High-Speed Rail, and Repeal of Criminal Statutes' Effect on Prosecution Amendment (2018)
- Florida Amendment 13, Ban on Wagering on Dog Races Amendment (2018)
- New Jersey Public Question 1, School Projects Bond (2018)
- Montana I-186, Requirements for Permits and Reclamation Plans of New Hard Rock Mines Initiative (2018)
- Missouri Proposition D, Gas Tax Increase, Olympic Prize Tax Exemption, and Traffic Reduction Fund Measure (2018)
- North Dakota Measure 2, Citizen Requirement for Voting Amendment Initiative (2018)
- Rhode Island Question 2, Higher Education Facilities Bond Measure (2018)
- Maine Question 2, Wastewater Infrastructure Bond Issue (2018)
- North Carolina Legislative Appointments to Elections Board Amendment (2018)
- Maine Question 3, Transportation Bond Issue (2018)
- Maine Question 4, University of Maine System Bond Issue (2018)
- Maine Question 5, Community Colleges Bond Issue (2018)
- North Carolina Judicial Selection for Midterm Vacancies Amendment (2018)
- Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Salmon Habitat Protections and Permits Initiative (2018)
- Georgia Referendum A, Homestead Municipal Property Tax Exemption Measure (2018)
- Georgia Referendum B, Include Business-Financed Properties in Existing Non-Profit Mentally Disabled Housing Tax Exemption Measure (2018)
- Washington Advisory Vote 19, Non-Binding Question on Oil Spill Tax Repeal (2018)
- Indiana Public Question 1, Balanced Budget Amendment (2018)
- Missouri Amendment 1, Lobbying, Campaign Finance, and Redistricting Initiative (2018)
- Alabama Amendment 1, Ten Commandments Amendment (2018)
- Alabama Amendment 2, State Abortion Policy Amendment (2018)
- Alabama Amendment 4, Legislative Vacancies Amendment (2018)
- Arizona Proposition 125, Adjustments to Elected Officials' and Corrections Officer's Retirement Plans Amendment (2018)
- Arizona Proposition 126, Prohibit New or Increased Taxes on Services Initiative (2018)
- Arizona Proposition 127, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2018)
- Arizona Proposition 306, Clean Election Account Uses and Commission Rulemaking Measure (2018)
- Arkansas Issue 2, Voter ID Amendment (2018)
- Arkansas Issue 5, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2018)
- California Proposition 11, Ambulance Employees Paid On-Call Breaks, Training, and Mental Health Services Initiative (2018)
- California Proposition 12, Farm Animal Confinement Initiative (2018)
- California Proposition 4, Children's Hospital Bonds Initiative (2018)
- Florida Amendment 5, Two-Thirds Vote of Legislature to Increase Taxes or Fees Amendment (2018)
- Florida Amendment 12, Lobbying Restrictions Amendment (2018)
- Florida Amendment 7, First Responder and Military Member Survivor Benefits, Supermajority Board Votes for College Fees, and State College System Amendment (2018)
- Florida Amendment 6, Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights, Judicial Retirement Age, and Judicial Interpretation of Laws and Rules Amendment (2018)
- North Carolina Voter ID Amendment (2018)
- Ohio Issue 1, Drug and Criminal Justice Policies Initiative (2018)
- Arizona Proposition 305, Expansion of Empowerment Scholarship Accounts Referendum (2018)
- California Proposition 7, Legislative Power to Change Daylight Saving Time Measure (2018)
- North Carolina Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2018)
- Utah Proposition 4, Independent Advisory Commission on Redistricting Initiative (2018)
Signatures submitted
Proposed ballot initiatives were listed here when the initiatives' sponsors had turned in their petition signatures to election authorities, but the petitions had not been certified for the ballot. In some states, signature submission can take place over a long period of time and signatures can be submitted in multiple batches or must be submitted as they are collected. Only initiatives for which the signature submission process is complete are listed below.
The time it takes election authorities to scrutinize signatures that have been turned in so they can certify a measure for the ballot varies from state to state, averaging about 4-6 weeks.
Signatures filed, certification pending
Since the 2018 election cycle is over, no initiatives remain in this phase.
Certified to the legislature
- See also: Indirect initiative
This phase of the initiative process only applies to indirect initiatives.
Ballot initiatives in states that feature an indirect initiative process must go before the state legislature after signatures are submitted and enough of the submitted signatures are found to be valid. This presentation to the legislature is an intermediate step for successful signature petition drives between when an initiative petition is found to be sufficient and certification for the ballot. In some states with an indirect initiative process, the legislature can approve the proposed law themselves or put it before voters. In other states, the legislature has the chance to propose alternatives or amendments to the initiatives that can appear alongside the citizen initiative on the ballot.
Initiatives in this phase of the process were listed below. Since the 2018 election cycle is over, no initiatives remain in this phase.
Approved by the legislature
This phase of the initiative process only applies to indirect initiatives.
Ballot initiatives in states that feature an indirect initiative process must go before the state legislature after signatures are submitted and enough of the submitted signatures are found to be valid. This presentation to the legislature is an intermediate step for successful signature petition drives between when an initiative petition is found to be sufficient and certification for the ballot. In some states with an indirect initiative process, the legislature can approve the proposed law themselves or put it before voters. In other states, the legislature has the chance to propose alternatives or amendments to the initiatives that can appear alongside the citizen initiative on the ballot. In some states, there are certain rules, such as legislative alteration rules, that don't apply if the legislature approves the initiative rather than putting it before voters.
Successful 2018 initiative petitions that were previously certified to the legislature and that were approved by the legislature instead of being put on the ballot are listed below:
- Michigan Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2018)
- Alaska Legislator Conflicts of Interest and Per Diem Limits Initiative (2018)
- Michigan Paid Sick Leave Initiative (2018)
Amendments
All states but Delaware require voter approval of proposed changes to the state constitutions, which can be put on the ballot by state legislators, through initiative signature petitions, by constitutional convention delegates, and by the unique Florida Constitution Revision Commission. There are rare scenarios in which technical and non-substantive changes can be made to state constitutions without voter approval. All proposals to amend state constitutions that require statewide voter approval are listed here. This list includes initiated constitutional amendments (in the first section), legislatively referred constitutional amendments (in the second section), and commission referrals (in the third section). This section would also contain amendments referred to the ballot by a constitutional convention if there were any in 2018.
The list does not include proposed constitutional amendments of local applicability that only required local voter approval. It also does not include amendments that did not require voter approval.
Initiated amendments
- Florida Amendment 3, Voter Approval of Casino Gambling Initiative (2018)
- Florida Amendment 4, Voting Rights Restoration for Felons Initiative (2018)
- Nevada Question 4, Medical Equipment Sales Tax Exemption Amendment (2018)
- Missouri Amendment 2, Medical Marijuana and Veteran Healthcare Services Initiative (2018)
- Missouri Amendment 3, Medical Marijuana and Biomedical Research and Drug Development Institute Initiative (2018)
- Oklahoma State Question 793, Right of Optometrists and Opticians to Practice in Retail Establishments Initiative (2018)
- North Dakota Measure 1, Ethics Commission, Foreign Political Contribution Ban, and Conflicts of Interest Initiative (2018)
- Michigan Proposal 3, Voting Policies in State Constitution Initiative (2018)
- North Dakota Measure 2, Citizen Requirement for Voting Amendment Initiative (2018)
- South Dakota Constitutional Amendment W, State Campaign Finance and Lobbying Laws, Government Accountability Board, and Initiative Process Amendment (2018)
- Michigan Proposal 2, Independent Redistricting Commission Initiative (2018)
- Missouri Amendment 1, Lobbying, Campaign Finance, and Redistricting Initiative (2018)
- Arizona Proposition 126, Prohibit New or Increased Taxes on Services Initiative (2018)
- Arizona Proposition 127, Renewable Energy Standards Initiative (2018)
- Ohio Issue 1, Drug and Criminal Justice Policies Initiative (2018)
Legislatively referred amendments
- Wisconsin Question 1, Elimination of State Treasurer Amendment (April 2018)
- Virginia Question 1, Property Tax Exemption for Flood Abatement Amendment (2018)
- Indiana Public Question 1, Balanced Budget Amendment (2018)
- South Carolina Amendment 1, Appointed Superintendent of Education Measure (2018)
- Missouri Amendment 4, Management and Advertisement of Bingo Games Amendment (2018)
- New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 2, Independent Ethics Commission Amendment (2018)
- Georgia Amendment 3, Forest Land Conservation and Timberland Properties Amendment (2018)
- California Proposition 71, Effective Date of Ballot Measures Amendment (June 2018)
- Maryland Question 2, Election-Day Voter Registration Amendment (2018)
- Virginia Question 2, Remove Restriction on Residence for Surviving Spouse of Disabled Veteran Tax Exemption Amendment (2018)
- Oregon Measure 102, Removes Restriction that Affordable Housing Projects Funded by Municipal Bonds be Government Owned (2018)
- Maryland Question 1, Gambling Revenue Dedicated to Education Lockbox Amendment (2018)
- South Dakota Constitutional Amendment Z, Single-Subject Rule for Constitutional Amendments (2018)
- Oklahoma State Question 801, Allow Certain Voter-Approved Property Taxes to Fund School District Operations Amendment (2018)
- New Hampshire Question 1, Taxpayer Standing to Bring Legal Actions Against Government Amendment (2018)
- Alabama Amendment 3, Board of Trustees Membership for University of Alabama Amendment (2018)
- Georgia Amendment 4, Marsy's Law Crime Victim Rights Amendment (2018)
- New Hampshire Question 2, Right to Live Free from Governmental Intrusion in Private and Personal Information Amendment (2018)
- North Carolina Legislative Appointments to Elections Board Amendment (2018)
- South Dakota Constitutional Amendment Y, Changes to Marsy's Law Crime Victim Rights Amendment (June 2018)
- Georgia Amendment 2, Establish a State Business Court Amendment (2018)
- Kentucky Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights Amendment (2018)
- Louisiana Amendment 6, Phase-In of Tax Increases from Property Reappraisal Amendment (2018)
- Utah Constitutional Amendment C, Changes Related to Special Legislative Sessions and State Revenue Measure (2018)
- North Carolina Judicial Selection for Midterm Vacancies Amendment (2018)
- Utah Constitutional Amendment B, Tax Exemption for Property Leased by a Government Entity (2018)
- Louisiana Amendment 4, No Dedication of Transportation Trust Fund Revenue to State Police Amendment (2018)
- Alabama Amendment 1, Ten Commandments Amendment (2018)
- Alabama Amendment 2, State Abortion Policy Amendment (2018)
- Alabama Amendment 4, Legislative Vacancies Amendment (2018)
- Arizona Proposition 125, Adjustments to Elected Officials' and Corrections Officer's Retirement Plans Amendment (2018)
- Arkansas Issue 2, Voter ID Amendment (2018)
- Florida Amendment 5, Two-Thirds Vote of Legislature to Increase Taxes or Fees Amendment (2018)
- North Carolina Voter ID Amendment (2018)
- North Carolina Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2018)
Commission referred amendments
- Florida Amendment 13, Ban on Wagering on Dog Races Amendment (2018)
- Florida Amendment 10, State and Local Government Structure Amendment (2018)
- Florida Amendment 11, Repeal Prohibition on Aliens' Property Ownership, Delete Obsolete Provision on High-Speed Rail, and Repeal of Criminal Statutes' Effect on Prosecution Amendment (2018)
- Florida Amendment 9, Ban Offshore Oil and Gas Drilling and Ban Vaping in Enclosed Indoor Workplaces Amendment (2018)
- Florida Amendment 12, Lobbying Restrictions Amendment (2018)
- Florida Amendment 7, First Responder and Military Member Survivor Benefits, Supermajority Board Votes for College Fees, and State College System Amendment (2018)
- Florida Amendment 6, Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights, Judicial Retirement Age, and Judicial Interpretation of Laws and Rules Amendment (2018)
Changes to the length of state constitutions
In 2018, voters in 25 states approved changes to their state constitutions. Together, the 25 state constitutions increased a combined 42,696 words. The following chart illustrates changes to the length of state constitutions as a result of voter-approved amendments:
Statutes
Most statutes that go before voters are put on the ballot by a citizen initiative petition. While state legislators can refer state statutes to the voters in certain states, they generally don't have to as they do with proposed constitutional amendments. In Arizona and California, voter approval is required for statutory changes of laws previously approved through a citizen initiative. The list below includes both initiated state statutes and legislatively referred state statutes that were on ballots in 2018.
Initiated statutes
- Missouri Proposition B, $12 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)
- Oregon Measure 105, Repeal Sanctuary State Law Initiative (2018)
- Idaho Proposition 2, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (2018)
- Massachusetts Question 2, Advisory Commission for Amendments to the U.S. Constitution Regarding Corporate Personhood and Political Spending Initiative (2018)
- Massachusetts Question 1, Nurse-Patient Assignment Limits Initiative (2018)
- Utah Proposition 3, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (2018)
- Michigan Proposal 1, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2018)
- North Dakota Measure 3, Marijuana Legalization and Automatic Expungement Initiative (2018)
- Oklahoma State Question 788, Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative (June 2018)/Full article
- Colorado Proposition 109, "Fix Our Damn Roads" Transportation Bond Initiative (2018)
- Washington Initiative 940, Police Training and Criminal Liability in Cases of Deadly Force Measure (2018)
- Maine Question 1, Payroll and Non-Wage Income Taxes for Home Care Program Initiative (2018)
- Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Salmon Habitat Protections and Permits Initiative (2018)
- Utah Proposition 2, Medical Marijuana Initiative (2018)
- South Dakota Initiated Measure 25, Tobacco Tax Increase Initiative (2018)
- Missouri Proposition C, Medical Marijuana and Veterans Healthcare Services, Education, Drug Treatment, and Public Safety Initiative (2018)
- South Dakota Initiated Measure 24, Ban Out-of-State Contributions to Ballot Question Committees Initiative (2018) /
- Montana I-186, Requirements for Permits and Reclamation Plans of New Hard Rock Mines Initiative (2018)
- Nebraska Initiative 427, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (2018)
- North Dakota Measure 4, Special License Plates and Free Access to State Parks for Volunteer Emergency Responders Initiative (2018)
- Michigan Repeal Prevailing Wages and Fringe Benefits on State Projects Initiative (2018)
- Arkansas Issue 5, Minimum Wage Increase Initiative (2018)
- California Proposition 11, Ambulance Employees Paid On-Call Breaks, Training, and Mental Health Services Initiative (2018)
- California Proposition 12, Farm Animal Confinement Initiative (2018)
- California Proposition 4, Children's Hospital Bonds Initiative (2018)
- Oklahoma State Question 788, Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative (June 2018)
- Utah Proposition 4, Independent Advisory Commission on Redistricting Initiative (2018)
Referred statutes
- Georgia Referendum A, Homestead Municipal Property Tax Exemption Measure (2018)
- Missouri Proposition D, Gas Tax Increase, Olympic Prize Tax Exemption, and Traffic Reduction Fund Measure (2018)
- Georgia Referendum B, Include Business-Financed Properties in Existing Non-Profit Mentally Disabled Housing Tax Exemption Measure (2018)
- Montana LR-128, Property Tax for State University System Measure (2018)
- Arizona Proposition 306, Clean Election Account Uses and Commission Rulemaking Measure (2018)
- California Proposition 7, Legislative Power to Change Daylight Saving Time Measure (2018)
Veto referendums
A veto referendum is a type of citizen-initiated measure. But, instead of proposing a new law, a veto referendum is used by petitioners to seek the repeal of a law passed by the state legislature. The power of veto referendum is also referred to as people's veto.
- Oregon Measure 101, Healthcare Insurance Premiums Tax for Medicaid Referendum (January 2018)
- Massachusetts Question 3, Gender Identity Anti-Discrimination Veto Referendum (2018)
- Missouri Proposition A, Right to Work Referendum (August 2018)
- Maine Question 1, Ranked-Choice Voting Delayed Enactment and Automatic Repeal Referendum (June 2018)
- Arizona Proposition 305, Expansion of Empowerment Scholarship Accounts Referendum (2018)
Referred bond issues
In some states, the legislature is able to or even required to put certain proposed bond issues before voters. This section lists legislatively referred bond questions. It does not list other types of measures that happened to propose the issuance of bonds or other indebtedness. For example, initiated constitutional amendments or initiated state statutes that were put on the ballot proposing the issuance of bonds are listed under the sections of this article about initiated constitutional amendments and initiated state statutes, respectively. To see a full list of all statewide measures proposing the issuance of bonds, regardless of what type of measure was used, click here.
- New Mexico Bond Question D, Higher Education, Special Schools, and Tribal Schools (2018)
- New Mexico Bond Question B, Public Libraries (2018)
- New Mexico Bond Question C, School Buses (2018)
- New Jersey Public Question 1, School Projects Bond (2018)
- Rhode Island Question 2, Higher Education Facilities Bond Measure (2018)
- New Mexico Bond Question A, Senior Citizen Facilities (2018)
- Maine Question 3, Transportation Bond Issue (2018)
- Maine Question 4, University of Maine System Bond Issue (2018)
- Maine Question 2, Wastewater Infrastructure Bond Issue (2018)
- Maine Question 5, Community Colleges Bond Issue (2018)
Automatic referrals
Some measures are referred to the ballot automatically by a provision of a state constitution or state law. One common type of automatic referral is a constitutional convention question periodically asking voters in a state if they want a constitutional convention to be held to consider revisions to the state constitution.
