The presumption of innocence is fundamental to Islamic law where the principle that the onus of proof is on the accuser or claimant is strongly held, based on a hadith documented by Imam Nawawi.[14] "Suspicion" is also highly condemned, this also from a hadith documented by Imam Nawawi[15] as well as Imam Bukhari[16] and Imam Muslim.[17] After the time of Muhammad, the fourth Caliph Ali ibn Abi Ta
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