å¤çºãããã£ã³ãã¹ã»ã¬ã¤ãããã¬ã¤ãã®é¦é½ãã¨å¼ã°ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®å¤§å¦è¡ã§èµ·ããæ®éçãªæ§æ´åãå·¡ãåé¡
ï¼ååºï¼wezzyï¼æ ªå¼ä¼ç¤¾ãµã¤ã¾ã¼ï¼2016å¹´12æ17æ¥ï¼
Â
Â
ã¢ã³ã¿ãå·ç¬¬äºã®é½å¸ã人å£7ä¸äººã®è¡ããºã¼ã©ãããã«ããã¢ã³ã¿ã大å¦ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã³ã»ããããã¼ã«ï¼ã¢ã¡ããï¼ãã¼ã ã®é¸æããå¼ãèµ·ãããè¤æ°ã®ã¬ã¤ãäºä»¶ãå°å ç´ã«å ±éããã大å¦ã¯ã¬ã¤ãã»ã¹ãã£ã³ãã«ã§å¤§é¨ãã¨ãªã£ãã2012å¹´ã«ã¯ãæ°å件ã®ã¬ã¤ãäºä»¶å¯¾å¿ã«ä¸æéããã£ãã¨ããçãã§ç±³å¸æ³å±ã«ãããã¢ã³ã¿ã大å¦ãããºã¼ã©å¸è¦ãããºã¼ã©é¡æ¤äºå±ã¸ã®ææ»ãå ¥ã£ããã¨ã§ããã大ããªæ³¨ç®ãéããããºã¼ã©ã¯ãã¬ã¤ãã®é¦é½ããªã©ã¨å¼ã°ããããã«ããªã£ãã
ã9æã«ç¿»è¨³åºçããããããºã¼ã©ãï¼äºç´æ¸æ¿ï¼ã¯ãããºã¼ã©ã§èµ·ããã¬ã¤ãäºä»¶ã®è¢«å®³è ãé¢ä¿è ãè£å¤ã®å±éããè¦ãã¦ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ãããã¬ã¤ãç¥è©±ã対å¿ãã大å¦ãè¦å¯ãå¸æ³ã®åé¡ãããã¹ãã»ã©ã¼ä½å®¶ã®ã¸ã§ã³ã»ã¯ã©ã«ã¯ã¼ã詳細ãã¤ä¸¹å¿µãªåæã«åºã¥ãã¦æããã³ãã£ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯ãã5å¹´ã»ã©ãããºã¼ã©ãªã©ã§ã®ã¬ã¤ãäºä»¶ããã£ããã¨ãªãããã£ã³ãã¹ã»ã¬ã¤ããæ·±å»ãªåé¡ã¨ãã¦èªèãããããã«ãªã£ã¦ãããæ¬æ¸ã2015å¹´ã«åºçãããã¨å¤§ããªè©±é¡ãå¼ã³ããã¹ãã»ã©ã¼ã¨ãªã£ãã
ãç§ã¯åãå·å ã®ãããºã¼ã©ããè»ã§3æéã»ã©é¢ãããã¼ãºãã³ã«ããã¢ã³ã¿ãå·ç«å¤§å¦ã®æå¡ã§ãããããºã¼ã©ã®ã¢ã³ã¿ã大å¦ã¨ããã¼ãºãã³ã®ã¢ã³ã¿ãå·ç«å¤§å¦ã¯åãã¢ã³ã¿ãå·ç«ã®å¤§å¦ã·ã¹ãã ã«å±ãã¦ãããããããå·å ã§éä¸ã®è¦æ¨¡ãèªãç·å大å¦ã ãã¢ã«ãããã¯ãªæå³ã§ããã¢ã¡ãããªã©ã®ã¹ãã¼ãã«ããã¦ããããºã¼ã©ã®ã¢ã³ã¿ã大å¦ã®æ大ã®ã©ã¤ãã«ããã¼ãºãã³ã®ã¢ã³ã¿ãå·ç«å¤§å¦ã¨ããé¢ä¿æ§ã«ãããããããæå³ã§ä¼¼ã大å¦ã§ãããæ¬æ¸ã«æããããã£ã³ãã¹ã»ã¬ã¤ãããããåé¡ã¯ãç§èªèº«ã®å¤§å¦ã§ãèµ·ããããã¨ã ãã ãã¢ã³ã¿ãå·ã§ç¹æãªåºæ¥äºã§ããªããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã©ã®å¤§å¦ãè¡ã§ãããããã¯æ¥æ¬ã§ãèµ·ãã¦ãããæ®éçãªæ§æ´åããããåé¡ããããåºãã¦ããã
ããºã¼ã©ã§ã®ã¬ã¤ãäºä»¶ã®æ®éæ§
ãæ¬æ¸ã®è±èªçã®ã¿ã¤ãã«ã¯ãMissoula: Rape and Justice System in a College Townããç´è¨³ããã°ããããºã¼ã©ï¼ãã大å¦è¡ã§èµ·ããã¬ã¤ãäºä»¶ã¨å¸æ³å¶åº¦ãã¨ãªãããæ¥æ¬èªçã®å¯é¡ã¯ãåé大å¦ãæºããããã¬ã¤ãäºä»¶ã¨å¸æ³å¶åº¦ãã¨ãªã£ã¦ãããããã§ä»ãå ãããããåé大å¦ãã¨ããè¨èã¯å ¨ãä¸å¿ è¦ã ããããããºã¼ã©ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã©ãã«ã§ããã大å¦è¡ã§ãã¢ã³ã¿ã大å¦ãããæ®éã®å·ç«å¤§å¦ã§ããªããç¹æ®ãªãã¨ã¯ãªãã¨ããã®ãéè¦ãªæå³ãæã¤ããã ã
ããã¬ã¤ãã®é¦é½ãã¨ã¾ã§å¼ã°ããããºã¼ã©ã ããå®éã«ã¯ãããºã¼ã©ã¯ãã®å½ã®ã¬ã¤ãã®é¦é½ã§ã¯ãªãããããå®éã«ã¯ãæ§çæ´è¡ã®çºççãå ¨å½å¹³åãããããã«ä½ããï¼475-6)ã¨ãããæ¬æ¸ãèªãã¨ãããã§ããããã§ããã¨ããã»ã©ã«ã次ã ã«æªè³ªãªæ§çæ´è¡äºä»¶ãèµ·ãã¦ããã¨ããå°è±¡ãåããããå®éããã§ãå¹³åããå°ãªãããããªã®ã ã
ããã¡ãããããºã¼ã©ã¨ããåå°æãé¢é£ã¯ãããä¾ãã°ã人å£7ä¸äººã®å°ããªå¤§å¦è¡ã§ãããã¨ãããã¬ã¤ããã§ã£ã¡ä¸ãããªã©ã®è¢«å®³è éé£ã®å話ãåºãããããããä»ã®èª°ããäºæ ãç¥ã£ã¦ããå°ããªè¡ã¨æããããã(240) ã¨è¢«å®³è ã®ä¸äººãããããã«ã被害è ããªãããã«è¾ãç¶æ³ã«ç½®ãããã¨ããé¢ã¯ããã ããã
ãã¾ã大å¦ã®ã¢ã¡ããã®ãã¼ã ï¼ã°ãªãºï¼ã®æã¤æå³åããé常ã«å¤§ããã¨ããé¢ãç¡è¦ã§ããªããé¸æã¯è¡ã®ãã¼ãã¼ã§ããã大å¦ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ããå¸ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ãã人æ°ã®ã¢ã¡ãããã¼ã ãããããçµæ¸å¹æã¯çµ¶å¤§ã ãçµæãé¸æãã¯å¤§å¦ãå¸æ°ããå®ãããç¹æ¨©æèãæã¤ããã«ããªããããã«ã¯ã©ã«ã¯ã¼ã¯è§¦ãã¦ããªãããã¢ã³ã¿ãå·å ã§æ³ç§å¤§å¦é¢ãæã¤ã®ãããºã¼ã©ã®ã¢ã³ã¿ã大å¦ã ãã§ãããçµæã¨ãã¦æ³æ¹é¢ä¿è ãã¢ã³ã¿ã大å¦åºèº«è ã§å ãããã¦ãã¾ãå¾åãå½±é¿ãã¦ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããã¨ãæããå¤ãã®å¸æ°ã大å¦ãã¢ã¡ãããã¼ã ãå®ãããã®ã ããã®ãããªå¤§å¦è¡ã¯å ¨ç±³ã®ã©ãã«ã§ãããã大å¦ããã®ã¹ãã¼ããã¼ã ããã®è¡ãå¸ã®ä¸»è¦ãªåå ¥æºã¨ãã¦çµæ¸å¹æãããããã¨ããã®ããããããã¨ã ã
ãããã¦ã¢ã³ã¿ã大å¦ã¯ãçªåºãã¦ã¬ã¤ãäºä»¶ã®å¯¾å¿ã«åé¡ããã£ã大å¦ã§ããããªããæ§çæ´è¡ãã»ã¯ã·ã¥ã¢ã«ãã©ã¹ã¡ã³ããªã©ã«é¢ãã¦ãæè²æ¹æ£æ³ç¬¬9ç·¨ï¼Title IX)ã®è¦å®ã«åºã¥ããé£é¦æ¿åºã大å¦ã®åãæ±ãã«ä¸æéããã£ãã¨ãã¦ææ»ãè¡ãªã£ãã±ã¼ã¹ã¯349ã«ãã®ã¼ã£ã¦ããããã®ãã¡è§£æ±ºããã®ã¯57件ã«ãããªãããã®èª¿æ»å¯¾è±¡ã«ãªã£ã¦ãã大å¦ã¯ãã¢ã¤ãã¼ãªã¼ã°ãªã©ã®ç§ç«å¤§å¦ãè¦æ¨¡ã®å°ãããªãã©ã«ã¢ã¼ã大å¦ãå·ç«å¤§å¦ããã³ãã¥ããã£ã«ã¬ãã¸ã«è³ãã¾ã§ãããã大å¦ãå«ã¾ãã¦ãããæ¬æ¸ã«æ¸ããã¦ãããã¨ã¯ããºã¼ã©ã®ã¢ã³ã¿ã大å¦ã ããèµ·ãããã¨ã§ã¯ãªãã®ã ã
å®ãããå 害è ã¨è²¬ãããã被害è
ã2010å¹´ãã2012å¹´ã«ããºã¼ã©ã§èµ·ããè¤æ°ã®ã¬ã¤ãäºä»¶ã詳細ã«èª¬æãããä¸ã§ãæ¬æ¸ã¯ãã¬ã¤ãç¥è©±ãã®åå¨ã¨ç¾å®ã¨ã®ä¹é¢ãé®®ããã«æµ®ã彫ãã«ãããè¦ç¥ãã¬äººãæéãã襲ã£ã¦ããã¨ããããããã¤ã¡ã¼ã¸ã¨ã¯å¯¾ç §çã«ãã¬ã¤ãã¯é¡è¦ç¥ãã«ãããã®ã80ï¼ ä»¥ä¸ãå ãããããã¦é¡è¦ç¥ãã«ããã¬ã¤ããç¹ã«è¨´è¿½ãããå¯è½æ§ãä½ããããã«é£ç¶ç¯ãå¤ããã ããããããã¬ã¤ãç¯ã¯åé¡ãã人ãã¡ã¨ã¯æããããæ¬äººãããã¬ã¤ããããã¨ããèªè¦ããªããç¸æ女æ§ã®ãã¨ãæ°ã«ãããå¿ è¦ãããããæãã¦ããªããããèªååæã«åæããã¨æãè¾¼ãã§ããããåæãæ¤åããã¦ãå¹³æ°ã§ç¡è¦ããããã¦ãããã¾ãã被çè ã®å¨ãã®äººãã¡ãããã¬ã¤ãã¹ãã«ãªãã«ã¯å½¼ã¯æããããããããããå°æ¥ã®ããéå¹´ããªã©ã¨ãã¦ã¬ã¤ãã®äºå®ãå¦å®ãããã¨ãããã
ãæ¬æ¸ã§è©³è¿°ããããã¢ã³ã¿ã大å¦ã®ã¢ã¡ãããã¼ã ã®é¸æããããè¤æ°ã®äºä¾ã§ã¯ãå 害è ã¯å人ãã¡ãããã大å¦ããããããã«ã¯å¸æ°ããããå®ããããä¾ãã°2012å¹´ãã¢ã³ã¿ã大å¦ã®ã¢ã¡ãããã¼ã ã®ã¯ãªã¼ã¿ã¼ããã¯ï¼ã¢ã¡ããã®ã¹ã¿ã¼ãã¸ã·ã§ã³ï¼ã®é¸æãã¬ã¤ãã®çãã§é®æãããã®ã¡ã«æ³å»·ã§ç¡ç½ªå¤æ±ºã«ãªãã大å¦ããã®é¤ç±ããããªãã£ãäºä»¶ã§ã¯ãã¢ã³ã¿ã大å¦ã®ã¢ã¡ãããã¼ã ãä½è²å±ãã¢ã³ã¿ãå·ã¨ãã«è¢«çè ãå¿ æ»ã§å®ããã¨ãããã¢ã¡ãããã¼ã ã«è³ã£ã¦ã¯ãæ§çæ´è¡ã®åé¡ãã¢ã¡ããããã°ã©ã ã¨èªåãã¡ã®ãã£ãªã¢ã«æªå½±é¿ãåã¼ãã¦ããã¨ãã被害è æèãåé¢ã«æã¡åºããã被害è ãå¿é ããè¨èãå®å ¨ã«æ¬ è½ãã声æã¾ã§ãçºè¡¨ããã
ãå 害è ãå¿ æ»ã§å®ãããåé¢ã被害è ã¯ãåçºããé端ã«ãå人ã大å¦ãè¦å¯ãæ¤å¯ãæ³å»·ããå°åã§ã®å話ããããä¸ãªã©ãããããã¨ããã§çãããæ»æã«ãããããããªãéããªãã£ãã®ãã声ããããªãã£ãã®ããåã声ãããã¦ãããã楽ããã§ãããã ããããªã被害ãåãã¦ããè¦å¯ã«è¨ããªãã®ãã証è¨ã«çç¾ãããã§ã¯ãªãããéãã§ããããä»æ¹ãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããå½¼æ°ãè£åã£ãããã¬ã¤ãã ã¨åãã¤ãã¦ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããâ¦â¦æ§ã ãªçããåããããã®ã
ãã¯ã©ã«ã¯ã¼ã¯å½äºè ãå¨ãã®äººã ã®è¨¼è¨ãæ¸é¡ãè£å¤ã®å±éããã¢ã«ãããã¯ãªæç®ãªã©ããããã½ã¼ã¹ã使ã£ã¦ãçç¸ã解ãã»ããã¦ããã
ã被害è ã®è¨æ¶ãç´ç·çã§ãªãæ¼ ç¶ã¨ãã¦ããããçç¾ããããã¨ãæ®éã§ãæ§æ´åã®è¢«å®³ã«ãã£ã¦ããæä¸ã«å«ã¹ãªãã£ãããéããããªãã®ããããããã¨ã ãã¾ããã·ã§ãã¯ããã©ã¦ãããã¾ãã«å¤§ããããã証æ ã¨ãªãã·ã¼ããç ´æ£ããã¨ãã£ãä¸å¯è§£ãªè¡åãåã£ã¦ãã¾ã£ãããã¬ã¤ãç´å¾ã¯ãã¾ãã³ã³ããã¼ã«ã§ãã¦ããã¨æãè¾¼ããã¨ãã¦ã空ç½ææãçããããããã
ãä¸æ¹ã§ãåæã®æç¡ããåé¡ã¨ãããå ´åãå 害è ãµã¤ãã®ã¹ãã¼ãªã¼ãæ¡ç¨ãããã¡ã¨ããåé¡ããããä¾ãã°å ±ã«é ©é ç¶æ ã«ããå ´åã¯è¨´è¿½ãå°é£ã¨ãããããéä¸ã§å¥³æ§ãæ絶ããå ´åããåæããªãæ§äº¤ã ã¨ååã«ç¤ºããã¨ãã§ããªãã£ããã¨ãã¦è¨´è¿½ãããªãã£ãããããé ©é ç¶æ ã«ãã£ã女æ§ãéä¸ã§å¤å°ã®æèãåãæ»ãã¦ããå ´åããåæããªãã¨ã¯è¨ãåããªãã¨ãããã被害è ã®å¥³æ§ã¯å¾¹åºçã«çãã«æãããã®ã«ãå 害è ç·æ§ã¯çãããã¯ç½°ãããã¨ãªãã®ã ã
ãæ¬æ¸ã¯ããããè¾ãäºæ ã«é¥ããã¨ãè¦æãã¦ãããã§ãåçºãã人ãã¡ã®æããä¸å¯§ã«æãåºããè¤æ°ã®è¢«å®³è ãã¡ãè¿°ã¹ã¦ããã®ãããèªåãåçºãã¦ãããããã以ä¸ã®ã¬ã¤ããé²ããã»é²ãããããããªããã¨ããæãã ãæ§çæ´è¡ã®è¢«å®³ãåãããã¨ã«ã¨ã¦ã¤ããªãèªè²¬ã®ææ ãæã£ã¦ãã¾ã£ããããã£ã¨èªåã¯ä¹ãè¶ãã¦å¿ããããã¨ãæãããã ããã§ããã¯ã許ããªããã¨ãã£ã被害è ã®æºããæ³ããæããããããã¦ãããã¾ã§ã®åæ°ãæã£ã¦åçºãã被害è ãã®ããã è£å¤ã®å±éãã¯ã©ã«ã¯ã¼ã¯è©³ç´°ã«è¨è¿°ããã®ã ãã被害ã«ã¤ãã¦å ·ä½çã詳細ãªè³ªåã®é£ç¶ã§ããã¤è¢«åå´å¼è·å£«ããã¯è¢«å®³è ã®äººæ ¼ããæ¹å¤ãããèªãã®ãè¾ãå ´é¢ãç¶ããã ãããã«ãããæ¬æ¸ã§ã¯ã©ã«ã¯ã¼ãç®æããããã»ã©å¤ãã®ã¬ã¤ã被害è ãè¦å¯ã«è¡ãã®ãããããåå ã¯ä½ãªã®ããç解ãããã¨ãããã¦è¢«å®³ãåãã人ã ã®è¦³ç¹ããæ§çæ´è¡ã®å½±é¿ãèªèãããã¨ã(10)ãã²ãã²ãã¨ä¼ãã£ã¦ããã被害è ã¯è¦å¯ãæ³å»·ã大å¦ãã³ãã¥ããã£ã«ã¨ããããå ´ã§PTSDã«ãæ©ã¾ãããªãããå³ããæ¦ããå¼·ããããç¶æ³ã«ãªãã®ã ã
Â
æ©è½ããªãå¶åº¦
ãã¯ã©ã«ã¯ã¼ã¯ãããºã¼ã©ã®ã¬ã¤ãã»ã¹ãã£ã³ãã«ã®æ ¹åºã«ããåå ã«ã¤ãã¦ãã¢ã³ã¿ã大å¦ãããºã¼ã©å¸è¦ãããºã¼ã©é¡æ¤äºå±ãããããã«è²¬ä»»ã®ä¸æ¦ãæ ã£ã¦ãããã¨ããï¼471ï¼ã
ãã¢ã³ã¿ã大å¦ã¯ã¬ã¤ãäºä»¶ãã¡ãã£ã¢ãã注ç®ãæµ´ã³ãã¾ã§ãæ§çæ´è¡ã«é¢ãã¦åé¡ãããæ¹éããå®ãã¦ãªãã£ããã大å¦å½å±ã¯äºä»¶ãããºã¼ã©å¸è¦ã«å±ãåºãªããã¨ããã£ããããããå¶åº¦ä¸ã®åé¡ã¯èªèãããã¨ããã«æ¹åããã¨ã¯ã©ã«ã¯ã¼ã¯è¿°ã¹ããã ãããã大ããªåé¡ã¯ãåè¿°ããããã«ãå大å¦ã®ã¢ã¡ãã人æ°ã¨ããããå°åã«ããããå¤å¤§ãªçµæ¸å¹æã ã¨ããããè¥å¤§ããç¹æ¨©æèã®ãããç¯ç½ªã¯é è½ãããå 害è ã¯å®ãããã
ãããºã¼ã©å¸è¦ã¯ã¬ã¤ãã¹ãã責任ãéããããç¶æ³ãä½ã£ã¦ãããåäºãè¦å®ã«ææ°ã®æè²ãæ½ããåºå®è¦³å¿µã誤解ãæ¾ç½®ãããã¨ã§ãææ»ã®å¹æãå¼±ãããã ãåæã«ãåé¡ãèªèãããã¨ã¯ãè¦å®ã¯è¢«å®³è ã®ä¸»å¼µãã¾ãã¯ä¿¡ãã¦æ§çæ´è¡ã®èª¿æ»ãéå§ããã¨ãããæ°ããªæ¹éãå¶å®ããããå¸æ³çã«ãååããã
ãã¯ã©ã«ã¯ã¼ããã£ã¨ã責任ãããã¨ãã¦æ¹å¤ããã®ã¯ãããºã¼ã©é¡æ¤äºå±ã§ãããç¹ã«ãæ¤å¯å±ã®ãããã®ä½ç½®ã«ããããã¬ããã»ã´ã¡ã«ã±ã³ãã¼ã°ã¨ããã³ãã¼2ã¨ãã¦æ§çæ´è¡äºä»¶ã®è¨´è¿½ãä»»ããã¦ãããã«ã¹ãã³ã»ããã¹ãã¨ããäºäººã®æ¤äºãæå³ããæ¬æ¸ã¯æ¹å¤ãã¦ãããæ¤äºå±ã¯ãã¬ã¤ãäºä»¶ã®è¨´è¿½ã«éãã¦ååãªæ¤å¯å®ã®æè²ãå¿ è¦ã«ãããããããããæ ã£ããããºã¼ã©ã§ã¯2008å¹´ãã2012å¹´ã®éã«æ§çæ´è¡ã«é¢ãã¦ãæ¤äºå±ã«ç³ãç«ã¦ããã£ãã®ã114件ããã®ä¸ã§æ¤äºå±ã起訴ãããã®ã¯14件ã ãã ã£ãã¨ããï¼318ï¼ã
ãæ¬æ¸ã§æ±ãããæ§çæ´è¡äºä»¶ã®ä¸ã§ãã起訴ãæ罪ãèªãããããã¨ãã§ããã®ã¯ãåäºã被çè ã®èªç½ãå¼ãåºãããã±ã¼ã¹ã«æ¢ã¾ã£ã¦ãããæ¤å¯ã¯ç¢ºå®ã«åã¦ãã¨ä¿¡ããäºä»¶ä»¥å¤ã¯ãã証æ ä¸ååããªã©ã¨ãã¦ææ¸ã«ããååãªèª¬æããªãã¾ã¾ã«ã訴追ããªãã£ããåäºãã¡ãæºãããªãã¨æãã±ã¼ã¹ã§ãæ¤äºå±ã¯è¨´è¿½ããªããã¨ãç©ã¿éãªã£ããããè¦å¯ã®ä»äºã«ãå½±é¿ããã¨ãããç±³å½ã«ããã¦ã¯ãé®æããããã©ãã決ããã®ã¯è¦å¯ãæ罪å¤æ±ºãæ±ããããã¹ãã決ããã®ã¯æ¤å¯ã(119)ã¨ããç¶æ³ã§ãããããã«è¢«å®³è ã®å£°ãå ¥ãä½å°ããªãåé¡ãã¯ã©ã«ã¯ã¼ã¯ææããã
ãé常ã«è¤éãªæãã«ããããã®ã¯ãæ¤äºã«ãé¢ããããææ»ã®æ®µéã§å 害è ã®å´ã«ç«ã¤ã ãã§ãªããå 害è ã«å¯¾ãã大å¦ã§ã®è£å¤ã§ã¯æè·ããç«å ´ã®è¨¼äººã«ãªãããã®å¾å¼è·å£«ã¨ãã¦æ³å»·ã§å 害è ãå¼è·ãããªã©ãããªããã次å¸ããºã¼ã©é¡æ¤äºã«ä¸ãè©°ããããã¹ãã¯ã·ã³ã°ã«ãã¶ã¼ã¨ãã¦è¦å´ããã¦ãã女æ§ã ã£ããã¨ã ã女æ§ãå¿ ãããæ§çæ´è¡ã®è¢«å®³è å´ã«ç«ã¤ã¨ã¯éãããããããã®å ´åãå ¨åã§å 害è å´ãæè·ããç«å ´ã«åã£ãã
ãæ³å»·ã§ã¯å 害è å´ã®å¼è·å£«ããé常ã«æ»æçãªæ¦è¡ãã¨ã£ããçµæã¨ãã¦ãæ¬æ¸ã«æãããäºä¾ã®ä¸ã§å 害è ãæ罪ã¨ãªã被害è ãæãéåãå¾ãã®ã¯ä¸ä»¶ã ãã§ãã£ããã¯ã©ã«ã¯ã¼ã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®å¸æ³å¶åº¦ã¯ãå ¨ã¦ã®çå®ãèªããªãã¨ããåºç¤ã®ä¸ã«æãç«ã£ã¦ãããã¨ããå¼è·äººã®ä»äºã¯ãããããåæ³çãªæ段ãç¨ãã¦ããå ¨ã¦ã®çå®ããæããã«ãªããªãããã«ãããã¨ã(477) ãªã®ã ã¨éãææãããããªãã¡ãå¸æ³å¶åº¦ãã®ãã®ããç¹ã«å¯å®¤ã§èµ·ããã¡ãªæ§æ´åäºä»¶ãæ±ãéã«æ ¹æ¬çãªéçãæ±ãã¦ããã¨ãããã¨ã§ããã
ã¸ã£ã¼ããªãºã ã®å½¹å²ã¨ãã®æ¬ã®æ義
ãããä¸ç¹ãæ¬æ¸ã§ç¹çãããã¹ããã¨ã¯ãã¸ã£ã¼ããªã¹ãã®å½¹å²ã ãããç¹ã«å°å ç´ã®ãããºã¼ãªã¢ã³ãã®ã°ã¦ã§ã³ã»ãããªãªè¨è ããããºã¼ã©ã®ã¬ã¤ãã»ã¹ãã£ã³ãã«ã«ã¤ãã¦100æ¬ä»¥ä¸ã®è¨äºã被害è ã®ç«å ´ã«ç«ã¡ã¤ã¤æ¸ãç¶ãããã¨ã¯ã被害è ãã¡ã®æ¦ãããç±³å¸æ³å±ã®ä»å ¥ãããºã¼ã©ã§å¶åº¦ããã®å¾æ¹é©ããããã¨ãªã©ã«ã大ããªå½±é¿ãä¸ãããã¨ãè¨ããã¦ãããæ§æ´åã«é¢ããè¨äºãåºããã¨ã§ããããªãªè¨è ããåæãåãã被害è ãããã°ãªãºãã¡ã³ã®ããºã¼ã©å¸æ°ããããã¹ããæ¤äºå±ããã®ççãªããã·ã³ã°ã®å¯¾è±¡ã«ããªã£ããã ããã©ãã ãå©ããã¦ãããããªãªè¨è ã¯è¨äºãåºãç¶ããã
ãããã¦ãæ¬æ¸ã®èè ãã¯ã©ã«ã¯ã¼ã®ã¸ã£ã¼ããªã¹ãã¨ãã¦ã®ä»äºã¶ããç¹çãããã¹ããã¨ã ãããæçµç« ã§ãã¯ã©ã«ã¯ã¼ãæ§çæ´è¡ããã¼ãã«æ¬ãæ¸ããã¨æãç«ã£ãã®ã¯ãç¥äººã®å¥³æ§ãæ´è¡ãåãã¦ãããã¨ããããããã®è©±ãèãã¦ãèªåããã¾ãã«ãä½ãç¥ããªãã£ããã¨ã«è ¹ãç«ã£ãã(486)ããã ã¨æããã«ãã¦ãããæ¬æ¸ã§ãã¯ã©ã«ã¯ã¼ã®è¢«å®³è ã家æãç¥äººãå¯è½ãªå ´åã¯è¢«çè ã¾ã§å«ããã¤ã³ã¿ãã¥ã¼åæãè¡ãã®ã¿ãªããããã ã§ããçªã£è¾¼ã¾ãæ¹å¤ãããã¡ãªãã¼ãã§ãããããããã¨ããããé¢é£ææ¸ãå¦è¡æç®ããæ´»ç¨ããã¸ã£ã¼ããªã¹ãã¨ãã¦è¦äºãªã¾ã§ã®æè ãçºæ®ãã¦ãããããã¦ãå½¼ãã¬ã¤ãã»ã¹ãã£ã³ãã«ãè¨è¿°ããä¸ã§ã被害è å´ã®è¦ç¹ããã£ã¨å¿ãã¦ããªããã¨ã¯éè¦ã ã
ãããºã¼ã©ã§ã¯ãã®æ¬ã®åºçã«é¢ããæ¹å¤ãå·»ãèµ·ãã£ãã¨ãããããã§ãã¯ã©ã«ã¯ã¼ãæ¬æ¸ãåºãããã¨ã¯é常ã«éè¦ãªæ義ãæã¤ãæ¸ç±ã¨ãã¦åºçãããããã«ããã¼ã«ã«ãªæ°èå ±éããé£é¦æ¿åºã®å ±åæ¸ã®æ ãè¶ ãã¦ãæ¬æ¸ã®åé¡æèµ·ããµãã¤ãã¼ã®å£°ãããã«åºãç¯å²ã®äººãã¡ã«èªã¾ãããã¹ãã»ã©ã¼ã¨ãªããããã«ã¯æµ·å¤ã§ç¿»è¨³ããããããå¤ãã®äººãã¡ã«ã¤ã³ãã¯ããä¸ãããã¨ã«ãªãã
ãã¯ã©ã«ã¯ã¼ã¯çµè«ã§ã大å¦ã«é¢ãã¦ãçµç¹ã¨ãã¦ã®è²¬ä»»ãæ¾æ£ãããæ§çæ´è¡äºä»¶ããã£ããã¨æ³å·è¡æ©é¢ã«å§ãããããªããã¨ãã強調ãããåäºææ»ã¯åããé ããæ§ã ãªéçãããããã確å®ã«ã¬ã¤ãã¹ãã®å¦çãç½°ãã大å¦ã³ãã¥ããã£ãã追æ¾ã§ããªããã¨ããããã¨ã«ãã被害è ãå 害è ã®è¿ãã§çæ´»ãåå¼·ããªããã°ãªããªãã¨ããç¶æ³ãé¿ããªãã¦ã¯ãªããã大å¦ã¯ãæ§çæ´è¡ã®è¨´ãã審çãããä¸æ§ã§åçåããããå ¨å½äºè ã«å ¬å¹³ãªããã»ã¹ãèæ¡ããªããã°ãªããªãã(484)ã¨ãããã¢ã³ã¿ã大å¦ã®ããã»ã¹ã¯ã被害è ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ä¸å©ãªãã®ã§ãããããã®ã ã
ãæ¬æ¸ã¯æ§æ´åäºä»¶ãããã£ã¦ã大å¦ãè¦å¯ãæ¤å¯ãå¸æ³ãå½ãããã«ã¯ãã®ç¤¾ä¼ãå½¢ä½ã£ã¦ããç§ãã¡èªèº«ã«ãããã¾ãã¾åé¡ãæãããããããã¦æ¥æ¬ã§ããæè¿ãæ±å¤§ãæ ¶å¿å¤§ãåè大ãªã©ã§ã®ã¬ã¤ãäºä»¶ãå ±éããããã£ã³ãã¹ã»ã¬ã¤ãã®åé¡ãé常ã«æ·±å»ãªãã®ã¨ãªã£ã¦ãããè¦å¯ãå¸æ³ã®ã¿ãªããã大å¦ã®å¯¾å¿ãåããã¦ãããããã«ã¯ãããºã¼ã©ãªã©ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ãã£ã³ãã¹ã»ã¬ã¤ãã¸ã®å¯¾å¿ã§ãªã¼ãã¼ã·ããããã5å¹´éã¨ã£ã¦ããã®ã¯ããªããæ¿æ¨©ä¸ã®é£é¦æ¿åºã ã£ããæ§æ´åã®åé¡ã«ã¤ãã¦ãæ¥æ¬ã®æ¿åºã®å¯¾å¿ãåããã¦ããã®ã ããä¸å ã¯éå ãä»å¹´æåºãããæ§æ´å被害è æ¯æ´æ³æ¡ãã«ããã®ã£ã¦ããªãã£ããããã¦ãããã ãæªè³ªãªã¬ã¤ãäºä»¶ãè¤æ°ä»¶å ±éãããã¨ããå±æ©çç¶æ³ã«ãã£ã¦ããä½ã対å¿ãè¦ãã¦ããªãç¾å¨ã®æ¥æ¬æ¿åºã§ã¯ãæå¾ ã§ãããã«ãªãã
Â