Rizal’s Life:
Exile, Trial,
and Death
Dargantes, Capanang,
Celestra, Ceñidoza, Ceñir,
Dela Cruz
Table of
contents
Bitter-Sweet From Dapitan Rizal’s Last
Life in to Trial in Fort 25 hours
Dapitan Santiago
01
Bitter-Sweet
Life in
Dapitan
Bitter-Sweet Life in
Dapitan Jose Rizal instead opted to live at the commandant’s
➔
residence called “Casa Real.”
➔ The commandant Captain Ricardo Carcinero and Jose
Rizal became such good friends that the exile did not feel
that the captain was actually his guard.
➔ Rizal wrote a poem A Don Ricardo Carcinero honoring the
kind commandant on the occasion of his birthday on August
26, 1892.
➔ In September 1892, Rizal and Carcinero won in a lottery.
Daily Life as an
Exile
➔ During his exile, Rizal practiced medicine, taught some pupils,
and engaged in farming and horticulture
➔ He founded a school in 1893 and he started with only three pupils
and had about more than 20 students at the time his exile ended.
➔ Rizal would rise at five in the morning to see his plants, feed
his animals, and prepare breakfast.
➔ Paddling his boat called baroto, he would then proceed to
Dapitan town to attend to his other patients there the whole
morning.
Rizal and the
Jesuits
➔ The first attempt by the Jesuit friars to win
back the deported Rizal to the Catholic fold
was the offer for him to live in the Dapitan
convent under some conditions. Refusing to
compromise, Rizal did not stay with the
parish priest Antonio Obach in the church
convent.
➔ After Rizal was deported to Dapitan, the
Jesuit Order assigned to Dapitan the priest
Francisco de Paula Sanchez, Rizal’s favorite
teacher in Ateneo.
➔ The priest Pablo Pastells, superior of the
Jesuit Society in the Philippines also
made some attempts by
correspondence to win over to
Catholicism the exiled physician.
Achievements in
Dapitan
- Rizal provided significant community services in Dapitan, like improving the town’s
drainage and constructing a better water system using empty bottles and bamboo
joints.
- He invented a wooden machine for the mass production of bricks. Using the bricks
he produced, Rizal built a water dam for the community with the help of his
students.
- Rizal equally treated all patients regardless of their economic and social status. He
accepted“fees” like poultry and crops, and at times, even gave his services to poor folks
for free.
- His specialization was ophthalmology, but he also offered treatments to almost all
kinds of diseases, like fever, sprain, broken bones, typhoid, tuberculosis, and even
leprosy.
- Rizal also helped in the livelihood of the abaca farmers in Dapitan by trading their crops
in Manila. He gave them lessons in abaca-weaving to produce hammocks.
As a Scientist and
Philologist ➔ Aside from doing archeological excavations, Rizal inspected
Dapitan’s rich flora and fauna,providing a sort of taxonomy
to numerous kinds of forest and sea creatures.
➔ From his laboratory and herbarium, he sent various biological
specimens to scientists in Europe like his dear friend Doctor
Adolph B. Meyer in Dresden. In return, the European scholars
sent him books and some other academic reading materials.
➔ From the collections he sent to European scholars, at least
three species were named after him: Dapitan Frog
(Rhacophorus rizali), a type of beetle (Apogonia rizali),
and a flying dragon (Draco rizali).
h e Spies and Secret
Emissary
- Rizal learned that his “enemies” sent spies to search for
proofs of him being a separatist and insurgent.
Florencio Nanaman (of Cagayan de Misamis)
Claimed to be Rizal’s Relative and introduced himself as “Pablo Mercado”. A
paid secret agent by Recollect friars Volunteering to deliver Rizal’s letters
to Manila but got busted.
Doctor Pio Valenzuela (June 1896)
Emissary sent by Katipunan Leader, “Andres Bonifacio” .
Andres Bonifacio messaged to be sanctioned by Rizal about the revolution. Rizal
disapprove the revolution stating a peaceful war is better than violent war.
Rizal recommended to as support form “Antonio Luna”
Visited by love
ones
Leonora Rivera
Rizal’s true love died while he was in Dapitan. Visits of his mom and
sisters console his mourning.
August 1893, Doña Theodora (mom) and Trinidad (sister) resided with
Rizal in his
casa cuadrada. Rizal’s sisters, Maria and Narcisa visited him at times with
his nephews Moris, Osio and Tan who had their early education through
Rizal.
Angelica (niece) also lived with Rizal.
Josephine Bracken
Orphan with Irish blood and stepdaughter of Rizal’s patient from Hong Kong.
She is the common-law wife of Rizal who is a mother of their child who was
prematurely born and died hours after birth.
Goodbye
Dapitan
- In 1895, Blumentritt infromed Rizal that Cuba was raged by a yellow-
fever epidemic.
- 1895 of December 17, Rizal wrote to the Governor-General Ramon
Blanco, volunteering to provide medical service in Cuba.
- 1896 of march, Rizal received a letter from the Governor-General
Ramon sanctioning his request.
- “Adios, Dr. Rizal!”, “ Adios Dapitan!”
02
From Dapitan
to Trial in Fort
Santiago
Many important events happened during Rizal’s trip from Dapitan
to manila. Rizal left Dapitan on July 31, 1896. Rizal made some
stopovers in various areas.
● Dumaguete- Rizal visited a friend and former classmate from Madrid
and had cured a sick guardia civil captain.
● Cebu - carried out operations and gave prescriptions to many
other patients
● ilo-ilo - he saw the historical mactan island, and he was impressed by
the Molo church
The ship then sailed to Capiz, to Romblon, and finally to Manila
To Manila.
The Katipuneros attempted to assist Rizal in escaping as the ship reached Luzon.
Emilio Jacinto had managed to get near to rizal by impersonating a ship crew
member.
Guilermo Mansakay, the other katipunero, circled the ship in a boat. Rizal declined to
be rescued by the katipunan because he was determined to complete his mission in
Cuba. According to another story, the attempt occurred while Rizal`s ship was already
parked in Manila Bay.
August 6, 1896
Rizal docked in Manila on August 6, 1896, the day after the Isla de Luzon sailed for
Spain, and he had to wait for the next ship to arrive before he could set off. Because
being on board would cause many problems for him, he requested that he be isolated
from everyone but his President's family. Around midnight that same day, authorities
took him aboard the cruiser Castilla, anchored at Cavite.
August 19
On August 19, a Katipunan plot to overthrow the Spanish government was uncovered through
Teodoro Patino's confession to Mariano Gil, the Augustinian director of Tondo. Many Katipuneros
were arrested following the revelation. Andres Bonifacio responded by triggering an early
uprising. As a sign of the outbreak of the revolution, they tore up their cedulas.
August 29-30
The first major assaults happened in august 29 and 30 when the Katipuneros attacked the civil
guard garrison in Pasig and more significantly the 100 Spanish soldiers protecting the powder
magazine in San Juan.. As a result of the arrival of Spanish forces, around 150 katipuneros were
killed and over 200 were captured as captives. The terrible battle at San Juan, as well as a
mutiny in suburban Manila on the same day, prompted the Governor-General to declare war on
Manila and seven other provinces nearby.
On the same day (August 30) Blanco issued letters of recommendation on Rizal's behalf to the
Spanish Minister of War and the Minister of Colonies with a letter clarifying that Rizal isn't
involved in the raging revolution. On September 2, he was transported to the ship Isla De Panay.
Going to
Spain
September 7
The ship isla de panay left Manila for Barcelona the next day. Arriving in singapore in september
7, Rizal was urged by some filipinos like his co-passenger Don Pedro Roxas and singaporean
resident Don Manuel Camus to stay in the british controlled territory. Trusting Blanco’s words,
Rizal refused to stay in singapore. Without his knowledge, Blanco and the Minister of War and
Colonies had been exchanging messages, planning his arrest upon reaching Barcelona.
September 27
On September 27, the passenger ship Isla de Panay docked at Port Said, Egypt, where they
learned that the insurrection in the Philippines had worsened as thousands of Spanish soldiers
were ordered to Manila, many Filipinos were slaughtered, and others were detained or
executed. Rizal got the impression that he had already been linked to the Philippine Revolution
since his fellow passengers had become distant from him. He addressed a letter to blumentritt
the next day alerting him that he had gotten information that Blanco had an order to arrest
him. He was formally told to stay in his cabin until more orders from Blanco arrived before
arriving in Malta on September 30.
October
On October 3, 1896, the isla de panay anchored in Barcelona with Rizal as a prisoner
3
on board. General Eulogio Despujol, the military leader of Barcelona, kept him under
strict guard–the same governor-general who banished Rizal to Dapitan in 1892. He
was taken to the Monjuich prison-fortress on the morning of October 6. He was
escorted to Despujol in the afternoon, who informed him that an order had been
issued to transport him back to Manila in the evening.
He was taken aboard to ship “Colon” which left Manila at 8pm. The ship was full
of Spanish soldiers and their families who were ordered not to go near or talk to
Rizal. Though he was allowed to walk on deck during the journey, he was locked
up and handcuffed before reaching any port.
h e Laot
Nomecoming
➔ November 3, 1896, Rizal arrived in Manila as a prisoner and
was detained in Fort Santiago. His friends, acquaintances, members
in La Liga, and even his brother Paciano were tortured and
questioned for gathering pieces of evidence.
➔ Fifteen pieces of documentary evidence were presented, those
are Rizal's letters, letters of his compatriots, like Marcelo del Pilar
and Antonio Luna. a poem (Kundiman), a Masonic document,
two transcripts of speech of Katipuneros (Emilio Jacinto and Jose
Turiano Santiago), and Rizal’s poem A Talisay.
➔ After examining the case, Peña recommended that ( a ) Rizal be
instantly brought to trial. (b) he be kept in jail, ( c ) an order of
attachment be issued against his property, and (d) a Spanish
army officer, not a civilian lawyer. be permitted to defend him in
court.
➔ On December 8, Rizal was given the right to choose his lawyer from a
list of 100 Spanish army officers. He chose Lt. Luis Taviel de
Andrade, a younger brother of his bodyguard-friend in Calamba in
1887.
h e Rat in the Kangaroo
Court
➔ On the morning of December 26, the Filipino patriot who
was once referred to as a "trapped rat" by Spanish
officials appeared in the kangaroo court inside the military
building, Cuartel de España.
➔ Alcocer petitioned for Rizal's death sentence and a
20,000 peso indemnity.
➔ The jury unanimously voted in favor of the death penalty.
The trial concluded with the sentence being read aloud:
Jose Rizal was found guilty and sentenced to death by firing
squad.
➔ December 28, Governor-General Polavieja signed the
court decision. Rizal, executed by firing squad at
7 a.m. Bagumbayan, December 30, 1896 (Luneta).
03
Rizal’s Last
25 hours
From 6 am-10 am
● Standard biography states that at 6 am of december 29
● At about 7 am he was transferred
● At 8 am, the president Antonio Rosell arrived
● At about 11 am, the jesuits tried to convince Rizal to write a retraction.
● At noon, Rizal was left alone in his cell. He
had his lunch, read the Bible, and [Link] sent He then had a
talk
● He then had a talk with priests Estanislao March and Vilaclara
at about 2 p.m. Balaguer then returned to Rizal’s cell at 3:30
p.m. and allegedly discussed (again) about Rizal’s retraction
(Zaide, p. 265). Rizal then wrote letters and dedications and
rested for short.
● At 4 p.m., the sorrowful Doña Teodora and Jose’s sisters came
to see the sentenced Rizal.
● The Dean of the Manila Cathedral, Don Silvino Lopez Tuñon,
came to exchange some views with Rizal at about 5:30 p.m.
Balaguer and March then left, leaving Vilaclara andTuñon in
Rizal’s cell. As Rosell was leaving at about 6 p.m., Josephine
Bracken arrived in Fort Santiago.
● At 7 p.m. , Faura returned and convinced Rizal to trust him and
other Ateneo professors
● Rizal then took his last supper at about 8 p.m. and attended to
his personal needs.
● At about 9 or 9:30 p.m., Manila’s Royal Audiencia Fiscal Don
Gaspar Cestaño came and had an amiable talk with Rizal.
● Historian Gregorio F. Zaide alleged that at 10pm. Rizal and
some Catholic priests worked on the hero’s retraction .
● Rizal then spent the night resting until the crack of dawn of
December
● So it is said that he wrote his retraction renouncing freemasonry
and his anti-Catholic ideas.
THE EARLY MORNING OF DECEMBER
30
The Zaldes alleged that at 3 am. Rizal heard Mass. confessed sins, and took
Communion (1984. p. 2661 At about 4 am. Rizal picked up the book Imitation of
Christ by Thornas a Kempis, read. and meditated. At 5 am. he washed up.
attended to
his personal needs. read the Bible. and contemplated.
● For breakfast, he was given three boiled eggs. Rizal's
grandniece Asuncion Lopez-Rizal Bantug mentioned "three
soft-boiled eggs" and narrated that Rizal ate two of them.
● He wrote letters for his family and another to paciano. To
hoping that with his death will be left in peace.
● Rizal gave to Josephine the book imitation of Christ
● he wrote the dedication: To my dear and unhappy wife
Josephine Bracken's biography, including her sorry life after
Rizal's death.
● Before he made death march to Bagumbayan.
● He managed to pen his last letters to his
beloved parents.
● 6 o'clock in the morning December 30 1896
Jose Rizal
The slow to death
It was six o’clock in the morning of December 30,
1896, when we woke up at our quarters at the corner
of Sta. Potenciana and Magallanes Streets, in
Intramuros, to attend the execution of Jose Rizal,
about which we had already been briefed the day
before.
Slow Walk to
Death
Rizal in black suit and black bowler hat, tied elbow to elbow, began
his slow walk to Bagumbayan He walked along with hin defense lawyer
Andrade and two Jesuit priests, March and Vilaclara. In front of them were the
advance guards of armed soldiers and behind them was another group of
military men The sound of a trumpet signaled the start of the death march,
and the muffled sound of drums served as the musical score of the walk.
arrived at the historic venue of execution Filipino soldiers were deliberately chosen
to compose the firing squad Behind them stood their Spanish counterparts ready
to execute them also. An actual picture of Rizal's execution Eight native soldiers
were in the firing squad and the dog in the photo was said to mould they decline
to do the job run around the lifeless body of Rizal, whining.
When the command had been given. the executioners
long guns barked at once. Rizal yelled Christ's two last
words Consummatum est" (it is finished) as he
simultaneously exerted a final effort to twist his bullet-
pierced body halfway around. Facing the sky. Jose Rizal fell
on the ground dead at exactly 7:03 on the morning of
December 30, 1896.
han
k
7ou
