Rizal's
Exile,
Trial and
Death
June 26 ,
1892
RIZAL ARRIVED IN
MANILA
• had become very sensational among the Filipinos. His
popularity feared the Spaniards, and as such, payed
careful attention to his every moves – all houses where
he had been were searched and the Filipinos seen in
his company were suspected.
• As he had planned , on July 3, 1892 he founded the La
Liga Filipina .
LA LIGA
• FILIPINA
is a secret organization that sought to involve the
people directly in the reform movement in the
country.
• was established in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco
at Ilaya Street , Tondo, Manila on July 3,1892.
• motto: ‘ Unus Instar Omnuim’ means ‘ One Like All’
• Purpose : To unite whole archipelago into one
society with equality for Filipinos and Spaniards in
the Philippines.
RESONS RIZAL WAS SENT TO
DAPITAN
• For Publishing books and proclamations which are
anti-catholic, anti-friar, and introduced it into
archipelago.
• For Possesing a bundles of handbills entitle ‘ Pobres
Frailes’, in which advocacies were in violation of the
Spaniards orders;
• For dedicating his novel, EL Filibusterismo to the three ‘
traitors’( Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora) and for
emphasizing on the novel’s title page “ the only
salvation for the Philippines was separation from the
mother country ( referring to Spain );
• For simply criticizing the religion and seeking to de-
catholize the Philippines.
Exile in Dapitan
( 1892- 1896 )
July 17 , 1892
• Rizal arrived in Dapitan on board the steamer Cebu. Dapitan ( now a city within
Zamboanga Del Norte ) was a remote town in Mindanao which served as
politico-military outpost of Spaniards in the Philippines . It was headed by Capt.
Ricardo who became his close friend of Rizal during his exile . He gave Rizal
permission to explore to the place and required him to report once a week.
September
21, 1892
• Rizal won second prize in a lottery together with Ricardo Carnicero and another
Spaniard. His share amounted 6,200 pesos. A Portion of Rizal’ s winning was
used in purchasing land approximately one kilometer away from Dapitan in a
Place known as Talisay. He built his house on the seashore of Talisay as well as a
school and a hospital within the area.
Exile in Dapitan
( 1892- 1896 )
• In Dapitan, he continued his medicine, research and continued his talent in sculpture
, painting, sketching, and poetry writing. He put up a school for boys and introduced
a projects for the community.
Community Development
Project
⚬ He spent many months in draining the marshes in order to get rid of malaria that
infested in Dapitan.
⚬ He also helped the people in putting up lamp posts at every corner of the town
with its lighting system which consist coconut oil lamps.
⚬ He made a big relief map of Mindanao in the plaza and used it to teach
geography. He discussed to the town people the position of Dapitan in relation to
other places of Mindanao.
⚬ He constructed a water system to supply the town with water for drinking and
irrigation.
Exile in Dapitan
( 1892- 1896 )
Rizal as Agriculturist
⚬ He acquired total land holdings of 70 hectares where 6 ,000 hemp plants, 1, 000
coconut trees and numerous fruit trees, sugarcane, corn ,coffee and cacao where
planted.
⚬ He planned to establish an agricultural colony in Sitio Ponot because it was ideal for
raising cacao , coffee, coconuts and cattle.
Rizal as Businessman
⚬ Ramon Carreon - Rizal's business partner in Dapitan Rizal made profitable business
ventures in fishing, copra and hemp industries.
⚬ Hemp industry - Rizal's most profitable business.
⚬ Rizal also engage in lime manufacturing. Their lime burner had a monthly capacity
of more than 400 bags of lime.
⚬ He organized the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers to break Chinese
monopoly.
Exile in ( 1892- 1896 )
Dapitan
Rizal as Linguist
⚬ Continuing his study of Languages, Rizal learned in Dapitan: Bisayan, Subanun
and Malay languages.
⚬ By that time he has a knowledge for 22 languages .
Rizal as Scientist
⚬ He had built up a rich collection of conchology which consisted of 346 shells
representing 203 species .
⚬ Rizal developed studies about the different species that could befound in
Dapitan. Some of the animal species were named after him: Rhacophorus
Rizali, a frog, the Apogonia Rizali, a beetle and the Draco Rizali , a flying lizard.
Exile in
Dapitan ( 1892- 1896 )
Rizal - Pastells Debate on
Religion
⚬ Behind the debate , Pastells and Rizal were friends as evidently pictured
when :
⚬ Pastells gave Rizal a copy of Imitacion de Cristo
by Fr.Thomas Kempis
⚬ Rizal gave Pastells a bust of St .Paul
which he had made Rizal continued to
hear mass and celebrate religious
events .
Exile in
Dapitan ( 1892- 1896 )
In Dapitan , Rizal wrote a letter to Fr. Pablo Pastells .S.J , to defend himself
against the accusation of the priest .
Literacy works of Rizal
⚬ El Canto Viajero
⚬ A Ricardo Carcinero
⚬ Mi Retiro
⚬ Hymn To Talisay
Exile in Dapitan
( 1892- 1896 )
Rizal and Josephine Bracken
⚬ Having heard of Rizal's fame as an ophthalmologist, George Taufer who was suffering
from eye ailment traveled from Hongkong to Dapitan. He was accompanied by his
adopted daughter , Josephine Bracken, who eventually fell in love with Rizal.
⚬ Rizal was also attracted to the charming face and kind behavior of Josephine. His
mother objected to their relationship because Josephine had mysterious origin. She had
a modest education and worked in a restaurant in Hong Kong. But Jose Rizal asked his
parents and sisters to accept Josephine because according to Rizal, Josephine tried her
best to make him happy.
⚬ They lived as husband and wife in Rizal’s octagonal house after being denied the
sacrament of marriage by Father Obach , the parish priest of Dapitan, due to Rizal’s
refusal to retract his statements against the church and to accept other conditions.
⚬ The union of Rizal and Josephine was blessed with a son. Unfortunately the Rizal’s son
died because of being premature. He named him Francisco.
Exile in
Dapitan ( 1892- 1896 )
Rizal and Katipunan
On the evening of June 21,
1896
⚬ Dr. Pio Valenzuela together with the blind man ,Raymundo Mata visited Rizal in
Dapitan and informed him about the founding of Katipunan and the planned
revolution. Rizal objected to it, citing the importance of a well-planned
movement with sufficient arms.
⚬ Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt updated Rizal on World events. He suggested that
Rizal volunteer his services to the Spanish government and join forces as a
doctor in Cuba as means to end to his exile .
Exile in( 1892- 1896 )
Dapitan
Rizal as Military in Cuba
⚬ Meanwhile, Rizal had been sending letters to then Governor-General Ramon Blanco .
Twice he sent letters, one in 1894 and another in 1895. He sked for a review of his case.
He said that if his request would not be granted, he would volunteer to serve as a
surgeon under the Spanish army fighting in the Cuban revolution.
⚬ On July 30, 1896 - Riizal’s request to go to Cuba was approved. The next day, he left for
Manila on board the steamer España.
⚬ September 3, 1896, he boarded the steamer Isla de Panay which would bring him to
Barcelona. Upon arriving at the fort, however, Governor-General Despujol told him that
there was an order to ship him back to Manila.
⚬ On November 3, 1896, Rizal arrived in Manila and was immediately brought to Fort
Santiago.
Trial of Rizal
TRIAL
Rizal as Military in
Cuba
On November 20,
1896
⚬ The preliminary investigation of Rizal’s case began. He was accused of being the
main organizer of the revolution , by having had proliferated the ideas of rebellion
and of founding illegal organizations. Rizal pleaded not guilty and even wrote a
manifesto appealing to the revolutionaries to discontinue the uprising. Rizal’s
lawyer, Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade , tried his best to save Rizal.
⚬ Governor-General Blanco reviewed all the things related to the case of Rizal and
the friars were not happy with the way Blanco was handling the case. So using
their influence, they replaced Blanco and appointed Governor General Camillo
Polavieja.
TRIAL
On December 26 , 1896
⚬ The Court Martial trial of Rizal started in the Cuartel de España, a military building Lt.
Enrique Alcocer, the prosecuting lawyer, delivered a very long speech, enumerating
the charges against Rizal. He tried very hard to convince the members of the military
court to give the death verdict to Rizal, the accused. Upon hearing Lt. Alcocer’s
petition, the Spanish noisily cheered and clapped their hands.
⚬ Defense Council Luis Taviel de Andrade’s defense of Rizal came next. He ended by
reminding the judges to be just and avoid vindictiveness when making decisions.
⚬ The court asked Rizal if he wanted to add other things to Lt. Taviel de Andrade’s
defense of his case. Rizal answered in the affirmative and read his supplementary
defense, which consisted of twelve statements:
TRIAL
Twelve -point Defense
of Rizal
1. He could not be guilty of rebellion, for he advised Dr. Pio Valenzuela not to rise in revolution .
2.He did not correspond with the radical, revolutionary elements .
3.The revolutionists used his name without his knowledge, If he were guilty he could have
escaped in Singapore .
4.If he had a hand in revolution, he could have escaped in Moro vinta and would not have built
a home , hospital, and bought lands in Dapitan .
5.If he were the chief of revolution, why was he not consulted by the revolutionaries.
6.It was true that he wrote the by-laws of tje La Liga Filipina, but this is a only a civic
organization -not a revolutionary society.
7.The La Liga Filipina did not live long, for after the first meeting he was banished to Dapitan
and it died down
TRIAL
7.The La Liga Filipina did not live long, for after the first meeting he was banished to
Dapitan and it died down
8 .He was not aware of the continuous establishment of La Liga Filipina after his
deportation to Dapitan.
9. The La Liga Filipina had no connection to the KKK since their aims were in contrast.
10. The time when he wrote his novel should be considered because the injustices that he
discussed in his works were based on the injustices that his family had experienced.
11. He lived in exemplary life in Dapitan- the politico-military commanders and missionary
priests in the province could attest to that.
12. If according to the witnesses the speech he delivered at Doroteo Ongjunco’s house had
inspired the revolution, then he want to confront these person. If he really was for the
revolution, then why did Katipunan sent an unfamiliar emissary to him in Dapitan?
• However, the trial ended and the sentence was read. Jose Rizal found guilty
and sentenced to death by firing squad.
Rizal’s
Death
DEATH
On December 28,
1896
⚬ Governor-General Camilo de Polavieja signed the court decision. He later
decreed thst Rizal be executed by firing squad at 7:00 a.m. of December 30.
On December 29,
1896
⚬ Rizal was informed about the decision and he was not surprised . On his
remaining time, he wrote letters to his family and friends.
DEATH
⚬ Rizal on his remaining days, compose his longest poem, Mi
Utimo Adios , which was about his farewell to the Filipino
people. When his mother and sister visited him December
29, 1896, Rizal gave away his remaining possession . He
handed his gas lamp to his sister La Trinidad and murmured
softly in English , “ There is something inside.” Eventually ,
Trining and her sister Maria would extract from the lamp the
copy of Rizal’s poem.
"Mi Ultimo Adios"
( My Final Farewell )
Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime of the sun caress'd
Pearl of the Orient seas, our Eden lost!,
Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life's best,
And were it brighter, fresher, or more blest
Still would I give it thee, nor count the cost.
On the field of battle, 'mid the frenzy of fight,
Others have given their lives, without doubt or heed;
The place matters not-cypress or laurel or lily white,
Scaffold or open plain, combat or martyrdom's plight,
T is ever the same, to serve our home and country's need.
I die just when I see the dawn break,
Through the gloom of night, to herald the day;
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take,
Pour'd out at need for thy dear sake
To dye with its crimson the waking ray.
My dreams, when life first opened to me,
My dreams, when the hopes of youth beat high,
Were to see thy lov'd face, O gem of the Orient sea
From gloom and grief, from care and sorrow free;
No blush on thy brow, no tear in thine eye.
Dream of my life, my living and burning desire,
All hail ! cries the soul that is now to take flight;
All hail ! And sweet it is for thee to expire ;
To die for thy sake, that thou mayst aspire;
And sleep in thy bosom eternity's long night.
If over my grave some day thou seest grow,
In the grassy sod, a humble flower,
Draw it to thy lips and kiss my soul so,
While I may feel on my brow in the cold tomb below
The touch of thy tenderness, thy breath's warm
power.
Let the moon beam over me soft and serene,
Let the dawn shed over me its radiant flashes,
Let the wind with sad lament over me keen ;
And if on my cross a bird should be seen,
Let it trill there its hymn of peace to my ashes.
Let the sun draw the vapors up to the sky,
And heavenward in purity bear my tardy protest
Let some kind soul o 'er my untimely fate sigh,
And in the still evening a prayer be lifted on high
From thee, 0 my country, that in God I may rest.
Pray for all those that hapless have died,
For all who have suffered the unmeasur'd pain;
For our mothers that bitterly their woes have cried,
For widows and orphans, for captives by torture tried
And then for thyself that redemption torture tried
And then for thyself that redemption thou maysthou mayst
gain.
And when the dark night wraps the graveyard
around
With only the dead in their vigil to see
Break not my repose or the mystery profound
And perchance thou mayst hear a sad hymn
resound
'T is I, O my country, raising a song unto thee.
And even my grave is remembered no more
Unmark'd by never a cross nor a stone
Let the plow sweep through it, the spade turn it
o'er
That my ashes may carpet earthly floor,
Before into nothingness at last they are blown.
Then will oblivion bring to me no care
As over thy vales and plains I sweep;
Throbbing and cleansed in thy space and air
With color and light, with song and lament I fare,
Ever repeating the faith that I keep.
My Fatherland ador'd, that sadness to my sorrow lends
Beloved Filipinas, hear now my last good-by!
I give thee all: parents and kindred and friends
For I go where no slave before the oppressor bends,
Where faith can never kill, and God reigns e'er on
high!
Farewell to you all, from my soul torn away,
Friends of my childhood in the home dispossessed !
Give thanks that I rest from the wearisome day !
Farewell to thee, too, sweet friend that lightened my
way;
Beloved creatures all, farewell! In death there is rest!
DEATH
On December 30,
1896
⚬ At 6:30 in the morning, Rizal in black suit with his arms tied behind his back,
walked to Bagumbayan.
⚬ The order given were to shots were fired. Consummatum est ! (“ It is
finished!”) Rizal died offering his life for his country and its freedom.
“ I wish to show those who
deny us Patriotism that we
know how to die for our
country and convictions.”
-Jose Rizal
Thank you
very
much!
Presented by:
Group 3
