Geo-Thermal Power Plant
21251A1749
Contents
Introduction
Working principle
Dry stream power plant
Flash stream power plant
Binary cycle power plant
Uses of Geothermal Power Plant
Advantages and Disadvantages
Introduction
Geothermal comes from Greek word Geo means Earth and thermal means Heat
Geothermal power plants harness the Earth's natural heat to generate electricity,
offering a sustainable and renewable source of energy. Unlike traditional power plants
that rely on burning fossil fuels, geothermal power plants utilize the heat stored
beneath the Earth's surface to produce electricity with minimal environmental impact.
History
The first geothermal power plant was invented
by Prince Piero Ginori Conti in Larderello, Italy.
Introduction
Geothermal Powerplant:
Geothermal power is electrical power
generated from Thermal Energy.
Geothermal Energy:
Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth.
Thermal energy is the energy that determines the temperature of matter.
Earth’s geothermal energy originates formation of the planet (20%) and from
radioactive decay of minerate (80%)
Uses of Geothermal Energy
Aquaculture
Desalination
Electricity generation
Industrial process
Agriculture
Working Principle
Components of Geothermal Powerplant:
1. Injection well
2. Generators
3. Turbines
4. Steam
5. Hotwater
6. Cooling Tower
Power generation process
Dry steam power plant
Flash steam power plant
Binary cycle power plant
Dry steam
Steam plants use hydrothermal fluids that are primarily steam. The steam
goes directly to a turbine, which drives a generator that produces electricity.
The steam eliminates the need to burn fossil fuels to run the turbine. (Also
eliminating the need to transport and store fuels!)
The dry steam power plant system was the very first geothermal power
production plant built in Italy at Lardarello in 1904.
Dry steam
Flash steam
Hydrothermal fluids above 360°F (182°C) can be used in flash
plants to make electricity.
Fluid is sprayed into a tank held at a much lower pressure than the
fluid, causing some of the fluid to rapidly vaporize, or "flash." The
vapor then drives a turbine, which drives a generator.
If any liquid remains in the tank, it can be flashed again in a second
tank (double flash) to extract even more energy.
Flash steam
Flash steam
Flash Steam Power Plants are the most common form of geothermal
power plant.
The hot water is pumped under great pressure to the surface. The
water is sometimes called 'brine', as it contains impurities such as salt.
When it reaches the surface the pressure is reduced and as a result
some of the water changes to steam. This produces a ‘blast’ of steam.
The cooled water is returned to the reservoir to be heated by
geothermal rocks again.
Binary steam
Most geothermal areas contain moderate-temperature
water (below 400°F). Energy is extracted from these fluids
in binary-cycle power plants.
Hot geothermal fluid and a secondary (hence, "binary")
fluid with a much lower boiling point than water pass
through a heat exchanger. Heat from the geothermal fluid
causes the secondary fluid to flash to vapor, which then
drives the turbines.
Binary steam
Binary steam
Geothermal power plants harness the Earth's natural heat to
generate electricity, offering a sustainable and renewable source of
energy.
Unlike traditional power plants that rely on burning fossil fuels,
geothermal power plants utilize the heat stored beneath the Earth's
surface to produce electricity with minimal environmental impact.
Uses of Geothermal power plant
Electricity generation
Greenhouse Agriculture
District Heating Systems
Aquaculture
Desalination
Advantages
Renewable
Low Emissions
Reliable
Low operating costs
Disadvantages
Limited location
Resource depletion and decline
High initial investments
Geological risks
Water consumption and contamination
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