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    Building Automation

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    Pavithra.G
    Building automation systems (BAS) help control a building's heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting and other systems to improve occupant comfort, reduce energy consumption and operating costs, and extend the lifecycle of building utilities. A BAS incorporates various functionalities like monitoring and controlling temperature, lighting, security and more through a centralized computer network. Benefits include lower operating risks and costs through increased efficiency and automation.

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    Building Automation

    Uploaded by

    Pavithra.G
    91 views19 pages
    Building automation systems (BAS) help control a building's heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting and other systems to improve occupant comfort, reduce energy consumption and operating costs, and extend the lifecycle of building utilities. A BAS incorporates various functionalities like monitoring and controlling temperature, lighting, security and more through a centralized computer network. Benefits include lower operating risks and costs through increased efficiency and automation.

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    Building automation systems (BAS) help control a building's heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting and other systems to improve occupant comfort, reduce energy consumption and operating costs, and extend the lifecycle of building utilities. A BAS incorporates various functionalities like monitoring and controlling temperature, lighting, security and more through a centralized computer network. Benefits include lower operating risks and costs through increased efficiency and automation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    91 views19 pages

    Building Automation

    Uploaded by

    Pavithra.G
    Building automation systems (BAS) help control a building's heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting and other systems to improve occupant comfort, reduce energy consumption and operating costs, and extend the lifecycle of building utilities. A BAS incorporates various functionalities like monitoring and controlling temperature, lighting, security and more through a centralized computer network. Benefits include lower operating risks and costs through increased efficiency and automation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    BUILDING AUTOMATION

    • Building Automation System (BAS) is a data acquisition and control system.


    • BAS is also known as energy management system -A BAS reduce building energy and maintenance
    costs compared to a non-controlled building.

    • It helps to reduce and optimize energy expenses while also ensuring a comfortable environment.
    • Most commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings built after 2000 include a BAS.

    • A building controlled by a BAS is often referred to as an intelligent building/smart building.


    • Building automation is the automatic centralized control of a building's heating, ventilation and
    air conditioning, lighting and other systems through a building management system or building
    automation system (BAS).

    • The objectives of building automation are improved occupant comfort, efficient operation of
    building systems, reduction in energy consumption and operating costs, and improved life cycle
    of utilities.

    • Building automation is an example of a distributed control system – the computer networking of


    electronic devices designed to monitor and control the mechanical, security, fire and flood safety,
    lighting (especially emergency lighting), HVAC and humidity control and ventilation systems in a
    building.

    • BAS core functionality keeps building climate within a specified range, provides light to rooms
    based on an occupancy schedule , monitors performance and device failures in all systems, and
    provides malfunction alarms to building maintenance staff.
    FEATURES OF INTELLIGENT BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
    • BAS incorporates various
    functionalities provided
    by the control system of a
    building.
    • Modern BAS systems
    comprise a computerized,
    intelligent network of
    electronic devices that are
    designed to monitor and
    control the lighting,
    internal climate and other
    systems in a building.
    • This results in optimized
    energy usage, safety,
    security, information,
    communication and
    entertainment facilities.
    BENEFITS - INCREASE VALUE OF BUILDING

    • INTEGRATED BUILDING TECHNOLOGY


    Building Automation, Fire Safety, Security lightning and Shading, and Low Voltage
    Power Distribution.

    • LOWER RISK HIGHER EFFICIENCY


    Interaction between disciplines means that the building can automatically optimize itself
    for a variety of situations.

    • ASSURANCE
    Intelligent Building Solutions is kept under thorough testing and a Certification Process,
    which Ensures Flawless Functionality and Problem Free Interfaces.
    ❑ TOPOLOGY

    • Most building automation networks consist of a primary and secondary level.

    • Function of primary level is to mainly gather data from the secondary level devices & send out
    commands for managing the controls inside the building.

    • Several kinds of buses can be used to set up the entire network, including serial (RS-232/485),
    .
    optical fiber, Ethernet, or even a wireless interface.

    • In view of the modern day demands of video streams in surveillance systems for strong bandwidth,
    gigabit Ethernet switches and wireless LAN devices are more ideal for Building Automation
    Systems than serial devices.
    ❑ TOPOLOGY
    Building automation systems rely on standardized network
    protocols, the most commonly used are as follows:

    • BAC-net
    • LonWorks - (local operating network) is a
    networking platform specifically created to address
    the needs of control applications.
    • KNX/EIB - devices can manage lighting, blinds
    and shutters, HVAC, security systems, energy
    management, audio video, displays, remote control,
    etc. Internet based–wired and wireless.

    Other protocols includes

    C-Bus Clipsal Integrated Systems Main Proprietary Protocol, CC-Link Industrial Networks,
    DALI,DSI,Dynet, EnOcean – Low Power Wireless protocol for energy harvesting and very lower power
    devices, INSTEON - Smart Home Labs Pro New 2-way Protocol based on Power-BUS, Modbus RTU or
    ASCII or TCP Obix,UPB - 2-way Peer to Peer Protocol,VSCP,xAP – Open protocol,X10 – Open industry
    standard,Z-Wave - Wireless RF Protocol,ZigBee – Open protocol for Mesh Networks.
    ❑ TOPOLOGY

    Building Automation Network


    • BACnet Multi-Scanning Tree protocol - The Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) and
    algorithm, provides both, simple and full, connectivity assigned to any given Virtual LAN (VLAN)
    throughout a Bridged Local Area Network.
    ❑ Direct Digital Control (DDC)

    • Direct digital control (DDC) is a control process in which a microprocessor controller constantly
    updates an internal information database by monitoring information from a controlled environment
    and continuously produces corrective output commands in response to changing control conditions.

    • In a basic control loop; a sensor, controller & controlled device interact to control a
    medium.

    • Here, the controller is a distinct piece of hardware.

    • In a Direct Digital Control (DDC) system, controller function takes place in software.
    ❑ Direct Digital Control (DDC)
    ❑ Direct Digital Control (DDC)
    A multiplexer (or mux) is a
    device that combines several
    analog or digital input signals and
    forwards them into a single output
    line.

    General DDC system block diagram


    ❑ Predecessors to DDC Control

    • Early controls were pneumatic or air-based systems and were generally restricted to controlling various
    aspects of the HVAC system.

    • Common devices included controllers, sensors, actuators, valves, positioners, & regulators.

    • Pneumatic controllers used compressed air to operate the dampers and valve actuators, to control space
    conditions such as temp, humidity & fresh-air circulation.

    • One building would have several such systems which were controlled independently.
    System interface is through a central BAS workstation, which can be connected to other BAS
    workstations via internet.

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