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    Skeletal System

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    John Stephen Castillo
    The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, and joints that form the framework of the human body. It is divided into the axial skeleton including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton including the shoulder and pelvic girdles and upper and lower limb bones. The skeleton provides structure, protection, movement, and blood cell production for the body.

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    Skeletal System

    Uploaded by

    John Stephen Castillo
    403 views13 pages
    The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, and joints that form the framework of the human body. It is divided into the axial skeleton including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton including the shoulder and pelvic girdles and upper and lower limb bones. The skeleton provides structure, protection, movement, and blood cell production for the body.

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    SKELETAL-SYSTEM

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    The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, and joints that form the framework of the human body. It is divided into the axial skeleton including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton including the shoulder and pelvic girdles and upper and lower limb bones. The skeleton provides structure, protection, movement, and blood cell production for the body.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    403 views13 pages

    Skeletal System

    Uploaded by

    John Stephen Castillo
    The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, and joints that form the framework of the human body. It is divided into the axial skeleton including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, and the appendicular skeleton including the shoulder and pelvic girdles and upper and lower limb bones. The skeleton provides structure, protection, movement, and blood cell production for the body.

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    SKELETAL

    SYSTEM
    Introduction to Human Skeleton
    System
     Skeletal system is the system of bones,
    associated cartilages and joints of human
    body. Together these structures form the
    human skeleton.
     Skeleton can be defined as the hard framework
    of human body around which the entire body
    is built.
     Almost all the hard parts of human body are
    components of human skeletal system.
     Joints are very important because they make
    the hard and rigid skeleton allow different
    types of movements at different locations.
    Components of Human Skeleton

    1. BONES - is a tough and rigid form of connective


    tissue. It is the weight bearing organ of human
    body and it is responsible for almost all strength of
    human skeleton.
    2. CARTILAGES - is also a form of connective tissue
    but is not as tough and rigid as bone. The main
    difference in the cartilage and bone is the
    mineralization factor. Bones are highly mineralized
    with calcium salts while cartilages are not.
    3. JOINTS - are important components of human
    skeleton because they make the human skeleton
    mobile. A joint occurs between “two or more
    bones”, “bone and cartilage” and “cartilage and
    cartilage”.
    Divisions of Human Skeleton
    Axial Skeleton
     Axial skeleton forms the axis of human body. It consists
    of Skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage.
     SKULL - is that part of human skeleton that forms
    the bony framework of the head. It consists of 22
    different bones that are divided into two groups:
    bones of cranium and bones of face.

     VERTEBRAL COLUMN - It is a flexible column of


    vertebrae, connecting the trunk of human body
    to the skull and appendages. It is composed of 33
    vertebrae which are divided into 5 regions:
    Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal.

     RIB CAGE - It is a bony cage enclosing vital human


    organs formed by the sternum and ribs. There
    are 12 pairs of ribs that are divided into three
    groups: True ribs, False ribs, and Floating ribs.
    Appendicular Skeleton
     It is the skeleton of appendages of human body. It consists of
    Shoulder girdle, Skeleton of upper limb, Pelvic girdle and
    Skeleton of lower limb.
     SHOULDER GIRDLE -  It attaches the upper limb to
    body trunk and is formed by two bones: clavicle and
    scapula. Clavicle is a modified long bone and is
    subcutaneous throughout its position. It is also
    known as the beauty bone. Scapula is a pear shaped
    flat bone that contains the glenoid fossa for the
    formation of shoulder joint. It possesses three
    important processes: Spine of scapula, Acromion
    process and Coracoid process.

     UPPER LIMB - The skeleton of each upper limb


    consists of 30 bones. These bones are: Humerus,
    Ulna, Radius, Carpals (8), Metacarpals (5), Phalanges
    (14).
     PELVIC GIRDLE - There are two pelvic girdles (one
    for each lower limb) but unlike the pectoral
    girdles, they are jointed with each other at
    symphysis pubis. Each pelvic girdle is a single
    bone in adults and is made up of three
    components: Ileum, Ischium and Pubis.

     LOWER LIMB - The skeleton of each lower limb


    consists of 30 bones. These bones are; Femur,
    Tibia, Patella, Tarsals (7), Metatarsals (5),
    Phalanges (14).
    Functions of Human Skeleton

    STRENGTH, SUPPORT AND SHAPE: It gives strength,


    support and shape to the body. Without a hard and
    rigid skeletal system, human body cannot stand
    upright, and it will become just a bag of soft tissues
    without any proper shape

    PROTECTION OF DELICATE ORGANS: In areas like


    the rib cage and skull, the skeleton protects inner
    soft but vital organs like heart and brain from
    external shocks. Any damage to these organs can
    prove fatal, therefore protective function of skeleton
    is very important
    LEVERAGE FOR MOVEMENTS: Bones of the human
    skeleton in all parts of body provide attachment to
    the muscles. These muscles provide motor power
    for producing movements of body parts. In these
    movements the parts of skeleton acts like levers of
    different types thus producing movements
    according to the needs of the human body.

    PRODUCTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS: Bones like


    the sternum, and heads of tibia have hemopoeitic
    activity (blood cells production). These are the sites
    of production of new blood cells.
    SKULL

    MANDIBLE
    CERVICAL VERTEBRA
    CLAVICLE
    STERNUM SCAPULA
    HUMERUS
    RIB CAGE
    THORACIC VERTEBRA

    LUMBAR VERTEBRA
    ILLIUM ULNA
    SACRUM RADIUS
    COCCYX
    CARPALS
    METACARPALS
    PHALANGES FEMUR

    PATELL
    A
    FIBULA
    TIBIA

    TARSAL
    S METATARSALS
    PHALANGES

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