Historical Antecedents

Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and

Technology
At the end of the lesson the students should
be able to:
Learning 1. identify inventions and discoveries during

Objectives the ancient, middle, and modern ages that

led to further S&T development.
: 2. discuss the scientific and technological

developments in the Philippines.
People in ancient times
were able to discover and
invent things that would
impact the lives of the
modern people.
Sumerian
Civilization
 Sumerian civilization emerged
in the southernmost tip of
ancient Mesopotamia.
 They had an unusual flair for
technological invention.
 They invented wide range of
technology and perfected the
large-scale use of existing
ones.
Cuneiform
 First writing system that
utilizes word pictures and
triangular symbols
City of Uruk
 Considered as the first true
city in the world.
 The Sumerians used sun-
baked bricks – mud or clay
mixed with reeds – to build the
city.
The Great
Ziggurat of Ur
 Considered as the first true
city in the world.
 The Sumerians used sun-
baked bricks – mud or clay
mixed with reeds – to build the
city.
Wheel
 Sumerians constructed the
first wheels by inserting
rotating axles into solid discs
of wood.
Irrigation
and Dikes
 Sumerians created
dikes and irrigation
canals to bring water to
farmlands and at the
same time control the
flooding of the rivers.
Plow
 The plow was invented to dig
the ground where seed would
be planted.
 This tool helped them to mass
produce food without taking so
much effort and time.
Babylonian
Civilization
 Babylonian civilization
flourished near the Tigris
and Euphrates Rivers.
Hanging Gardens
of Babylon
 The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
are considered one of the seven
wonders of the ancient world.
 They were fabled gardens built by
King Nebuchadnezzar II for his
wife, Queen Amytis.
 According to historians, this
structure was made up of layers
upon layers of gardens that
contained wide variety of plants,
trees, and vines.
Astronomy
 Babylonians introduced the use of
constellations to determine the weather,
climate, and seasons.
 They also studied the use of celestial

bodies such as the moon, the stars, and
the sun to predict future events.
 They also mapped the position of

astronomical bodies, which currently
known as horoscope, to foretell their
daily lives and those of their kings.
Egyptian
Civilization
 Egyptian civilization is located
in ancient North Africa.
 This civilization built many
engineering feats such as the
pyramids, temples, and tombs.
Paper or Papyrus
and Ink
 Paper made from papyrus
was the main writing material
in ancient Egypt.
 Papyrus (cyperus papyrus)
was a plant which once grew
in abundance, along the Nile
River in Egypt.
 They also invented ink by
combining soot with different
chemicals.
Hieroglyphics
 The hieroglyphics, also called
the holy writings, was one of
the writing systems used by
ancient Egyptians.
Cosmetics
 Egyptians wore kohl as a
cosmetic to darken their eyes
and to prevent and even cure
eye ailments.
 It was created by mixing
malachite with mineral galena.
Wig
 During the ancient Egyptian
times, wigs were worn for
health and wellness rather
than aesthetic purpose.
Water Clock
or Clepsydra
 The water clock or clepsydra
invented by Amenemhet, was
an ancient device for
measuring time by gradual
flow of water.
Greek
Civilization
 The Greek civilization has
contributed much to the world
especially in the fields of
science and technology.
 Its origins were in the land of
Greece and the islands of the
Aegean Sea.
Alarm Clock
 The ancient Greek’s alarm clock used water or
sometimes small stones or sand that dropped into
drums which sounded the alarm.
 Plato was believed to have utilized an alarm clock to
signal the start of his lecture.
Water Mill
 Watermills were used in
agricultural processes like
milling of grains which was a
necessary form of food
processing during that time.
Archimedes'
Screw
 Invented by Archimedes.
 The Archimedes' screw was
an efficient way to move water
up a hill.
Biology
 Aristotle introduced the idea of
classifying animals according
to their different
characteristics.
 He is often referred to as the
father of zoology.
Cartography
 Cartography is the study and
practice of making maps.
 Anaximader was one of the
first pioneer cartographers to
create a map of the world.
Roman
Civilization
 Roman civilization emerged
from the city of Rome in
modern day Italy.
Newspaper
 Romans introduced the first
newspapers known as
gazettes.
Bound Books
or Codex
 With the papyrus pages bound
together and covered by
animal skin, the ancient
Roman civilization was able to
produce the first books or
codex.
Roman
Architecture
 Roman government was able
to implement projects such as
large churches (cathedrals
and basilicas), aqueducts,
coliseums, and amphitheaters.
Roman
Numerals
 Romans devised their own
number system to address the
need for a standard counting
method that would meet their
increasing communication and
trade concerns.
Chinese
Civilization
 China is located on the far
east of Asia.
 The Chinese civilization is the
oldest civilization in Asia.
Silk
 The Chinese were the ones to
who developed the technology
to harvest the silk which is
naturally produced by
silkworms and process it to
produce paper and clothing.
Tea
Production
 Tea production was developed
when an unknown Chinese
inventor created a machine
that was able to shred tea
leaves into strips.
Great Wall
of China
 The Great Wall of China is
said to be the largest and most
extensive infrastructure that
the nation built.
Gunpowder
 The gunpowder was developed by Chinese

alchemists by mixing charcoal, sulfur, and
potassium nitrate.
 The start of the middle ages was marred by
Middle Ages massive invasions and migrations. Wars were
prevalent during this time.
Printing
Press
 Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press.
 He uses wooden machines that extracted juices
from fruits, attached to them a metal impression
of the letters, and pressed firmly the cast metal
into a piece of paper, which then made an exact
impression on paper.
Microscope
 Zacharias Janssen developed the first compound

microscope.
Telescope
 The invention of the telescope, an optical
instrument that helps in the observation of
remote objects, was a great help for navigators
during this time.
 The telescope was first patented in 1608 by
Hans Lippershey.
War  Cross bows, long bows, and chainmail
Weapons were invented during the Middle Ages.
• The Modern Period covers human
Modern Ages history from the creation of a more
global network to present day.
Pasteurization
 Louis Pasteur, a French biologist,
microbiologist, and chemist, invented
pasteurization.
 It is the process of heating dairy products
such as milk to kill the harmful bacteria that
allow them to spoil faster.
Petroleum
Refinery
 Samuel M. Kier invented kerosene
by refining petroleum.
Telephone
 The first telephone was invented by Alexander
Graham Bell in 1876.
 He made the first call on March 10, 1876, to
his assistant, Thomas Watson.
Calculator
 The creation of modern calculators did not
only pave the way for easier arithmetic
calculations, but also resulted in the
development of more complex processing
machines like the computer.
Philippine
Inventions
 Philippines also contributes to the global
advancement of science and technology.
Many of the discoveries and inventions
made by the Filipinos were built from
indigenous materials to adapt to the
harsh tropical environment.
Salamander
Amphibious Tricycle
 H2O Technologies headed by

Dominic N. Chung and Lamberto
Armada, together with Chief Designer
Victor “Atoy” Llave invented the
Salamander, an amphibious tricycle
that can cross flooded streets, rivers,
and lakes.
SALt Lamp
 A young Filipina inventor named
Aisa Mejino invented a lighting
system that utilizes saltwater.
 She invented the Sustainable
Alternative Lighting (SALt) lamp, an
environmental-friendly light source
that runs on saltwater.
Medical
Incubator
 Dr. Fe del Mundo, a Filipino pediatrician and the
first Asian woman admitted into Harvard
Medical School, invented a medical incubator
made from indigenous and cheap materials.
Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal
Trap System
 Department of Science and

Technology-Industrial Technology
Development Institute (DOST-ITDI)
introduced a trap system made of
natural ingredients that are lethal to
mosquitos but safe for humans and
environment, known as the
Mosquito Ovicidal/Larvicidal Trap
System (OL Trap).
Ejeepney
 This modern type of transportation

uses electricity instead of the more
expensive diesel.
THANK YOU!

Historical Antecedents

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Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and

Objectives the ancient, middle, and modern ages that

: 2. discuss the scientific and technological

 They also studied the use of celestial

 They also mapped the position of

 The gunpowder was developed by Chinese

 Zacharias Janssen developed the first compound

 H2O Technologies headed by

 Department of Science and

 This modern type of transportation

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