Unit content

• Select and apply safe working procedures to engineering

operations
- Protective clothing and equipment
- Permit-to-work
- Isolations
- Monitoring equipment
• Nature and use of current health and safety legislation
- Current regulations
- Safety audits
- Codes of practice
• Analyse engineering activities for the assessment of risk
- Hazard
- Risk rating
- Frequency and severity
- Record
• Emergency Action Plan
Some basic definitions
1) Health: The protection of people from illness resulting from
the materials, processes or procedures used in the
workplace.
2) Safety: The protection of people from physical injury.
3) Accident: It is any unplanned event that results in injury or
ill-health of people, or damage or loss to plant, materials or
the environment.
4) Incident: It is a near miss that could have resulted in an
accident, approximately, for every 10 ‘near miss’ events at a
particular location in the workplace, a minor accident will
occur.
5) Hazard: It is the potential of a substance, person, activity or
process to cause harm.
for example, chemicals, mechanical, electricity and working
at height.
6) Risk: It is the likelihood of a substance, activity or process
to cause harm and its resulting severity.
Risk =Likelihood x Severity

7) OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, it is

responsible for developing and enforcing workplace safety
and health regulations.
8) Risk assessment: It means evaluating the degree of risk
and precautions to prevent risks at the workplace.
9) Acceptable risk: The risk that can be reduced to be
accepted by the workplace.
The importance of applying health and safety

a) Economic
b) Legal
c) Moral
a) Economic

1) Worker Compensation ‫تعويض العمال‬

2) Medical Bills ‫فواتير طبية‬
3) Equipment Damage ‫تلف المعدات‬
4) OSHA Fines ‫غرامات حكومية‬
5) Loss of Productivity ‫فقد االنتاجية‬
b) Legal

1) OSHA regulations and fines ‫لوائح وغرامات‬

2) Worker compensation laws ‫قوانين تعويض العمال‬
3) Third party lawsuits ‫الدعاوي القضائية من الطرف الثالث‬
4) General liability ‫المسئولية العامة‬
c) Moral

Safety is just the right thing to do for your employees.

Some Funnies
Proper use of forklift
Some Funnies
Who says that using power
Drill is dangerous, while World’s best jack.
standing in water?
Some Funnies

Mobile Ladders
Is This An Appropriate Hard Hat?
Is This An Appropriate Respirator?
Is This an Appropriate Welder’s
Mask?
“SAFETY IS NOT THINGS TO
DO”

“SAFETY IS A WAY OF DOING

THINGS”
Accident
Investigation

Controlling Managing
Hazards Emergencies

Safety
at work

Risk Knowing the

Assessment regulations
P
ersonal

P
rotective

E
quipment
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Definition:
Devices used to protect an employees from
physical injury or illness resulting from contact
with chemical , physical, electrical, mechanical,
or other workplace hazards.

• The need for PPE and the type of PPE used is

based on hazard present; each situation must be
evaluated independently
Requirements in PPE:
1- Provide enough protection against the particular hazards
for which they are designed.

2- Be of safe design and construction for the work to be

performed .

3- Be reasonably comfortable.

4- Be easily to worn and not impede the movement of the

wearer .

5- Be durable ‫ متين‬.

6- Be easily cleanable .

7- Meet standard specifications

Remember, PPE is the last level of control!
Examples of PPE
Body Part Protection
Eye safety glasses, goggles
Face face shields
Head hard hats
Feet safety shoes
Hands and arms gloves
Bodies vests
Hearing earplugs, earmuffs

OSHA Office of Training and Education 19 9

Responsibilities of Employer and Employee
Responsibilities
• Employer
Assess workplace for hazards
Provide PPE
Determine when to use
Provide PPE training for employees and
instruction in proper use
• Employee
Use PPE in accordance with training
received and other instructions
Inspect daily and maintain in a clean and
reliable condition
OSHA Office of Training and Education 8
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Ensure that :

 You wear PPE you know the hazards / risks

it is protecting you against.

 You have received information, instruction

and training on how to use it correctly.

 How to clean and maintain it and when to

replace it.
1- Hand Protection
Why is Hand Protection
Important?

 It has been estimated that

almost 20% of all disabling
accidents on the job involve
the hands.

 Without your fingers or

hands, your ability to work
would be greatly reduced.
Gloves can protect hands from the following:

knives, sharp edges, splinters ‫شظايا‬

chemicals blood & bodily fluids

excessive vibration
Hot objects

electricity
extreme cold
4
Types of Gloves

Leather gloves: protect your hands from rough

surfaces.

Special insulated gloves:

provide protection from hot
objects.

Cut-resistant gloves: prevent or reduce cuts

from knives or sharp edges.
Anti-vibration gloves reduce the
effects of excessive vibration from
hand-tools and machinery.

Disposable gloves protect

against blood and germs in
healthcare.

Chemical resistant gloves prevent contact

with chemicals.
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2- Ear Protection
Table of Permissible Noise Exposure Limits
Permissible Noise  The employer must provide
Exposure ear protection when the
Duration noise level in the work area
Sound Level is higher than indicated in
per Day
(dB) this table.
(hours)
8 85  you can listen to sounds at
6 92 85 dB for up to 8 hours.
4 95  If the higher than 88 dB, it is
3 97 safe to listen to those same
2 100 sounds for 4 hours.
1 105  And if the sound goes up to
1/2 110 91 dB, your safe listening
1/4 115 time is down to 2 hours.
Impact noise should not
exceed 140 dB
How to Control of Noise

 Administrative Control

 Engineering Control

 Personal Protective Equipment ( hearing

protective devices)
 Administrative Controls:
Reducing the length of time the worker is required to
work in a noisy area
 Operate noisy equipment on second or third shifts.
 Rotate employees through high-noise areas.
 Place noise limit specifications on new equipment.
 Maintain equipment in good condition.
 Reporting noisy equipment to supervisor for repair.

 Engineering Controls
 Reduce noise at the source.
 Interrupt (cut) the noise path from the source to
the worker.
 Reduce structural vibration.
Purpose of Hearing Protectors
• Reduction of sound waves traveling to the inner ear
Types of Hearing Protective Devices

• Hearing Protection includes: Earplugs and Earmuffs

Disposable Ear Plugs

Reusable Ear Plugs
-Made of foam material
-Made of a silicone
-It comfortably worn even material.
for long periods but can
only be used once. -It can be washed and
reused for several time.
Ear Muffs
Advantages and Disadvantages of Different
Types of Hearing Protectors
Kind of Protector Advantages Disadvantages
•Free head movements •Must be replaced
•Good for tight work spaces periodically
•Worn with any hairstyle •Small and can easily be
Ear Plug lost
•Worn with hats, eye
8:20 dB protection, respirators •should be fitted with
•Good protection against clean hands.
high frequency sounds

Ear Muff
•Free head movements •Difficult to wear with eye,
40 dB head and breathing
protection
3-Eye Protections
The most sources of eye injuries include the following:
1. Flying material particles or slivers ‫ شظايا‬from wood,
metal, plastic, and cement.
2. Molten Metal
3. Chemical Gases or Vapors
4. Falling or misdirected objects
5. Light from welding torches
Types of Eye Protection
The proper type of eye protection must be selected to
match the type of hazard.
The most common types of eye protection include the
following:
- Safety glasses with side protection/shields
- Goggles
- Face Shields
- Welding Shields
- Full-face respirators
Safety glasses with side protection/shields

 Used to protect against moderate impacts

from flying particles

Source of graphics: OSHA

Prescription glasses ‫النظارة الطبية‬

 Employees who use prescription glasses while

performing operations with potential eye
hazards must use
eye protection.
Goggles

 Protect eyes, and the facial area immediately

surrounding the eyes.
 It provide greater protection from splashes,
liquids and dusts than shielded safety glasses.
 It can be used over corrective lenses, if they fit
them.
Face shields

 Face shields are used where you have a very

high chance of exposure to an airborne
substance.
 Shields are for face protection, not eye
protection. To protect the eyes, wear safety
glasses with side shields, or goggles under the
face shield
Welding shields
Protect eyes from burns caused by:
 Infared light ‫االشعة تحت الحمراء‬
 Intense radiant light ‫الضوء الشديد‬
 Protect eyes and face from flying sparks,
metal spatter.
Full-face respirators
Remove contaminants from air
 Atmosphere-Supplying : provide clean,
breathable air.
1. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus.
2. Supplied-Air Respirator.
4- Foot Protection
The most sources of foot injuries include the following:
1. Falling or rolling objects
2. Sharp objects
3. Chemicals
4. Cold, moisture and hot surfaces
5. Wet slippery surfaces
6. Electric hazards
Types of Foot Protection

 Steel toe footwear

Protects your toes ‫ أصابع القدم‬from
falling objects and from being
crushed.

 Reinforced sole footwear

Metal reinforcement that protects
your foot from punctures ‫األختراق‬

 Latex/Rubber footwear
Resists chemicals and provides extra
traction on slippery surfaces.
 Electrical hazard footwear
Insulated with tough rubber to
prevent shocks and burns from
electricity.
 Disposable footwear
Includes shower slippers ‫ نعال‬, clear
polyethylene used in dust free
work areas.
5- Body Protection

What are some of the causes of body injuries?

1. Intense heat.
2. Splashes of hot metals and other hot liquids.
3. Impacts from tools, machinery, and materials.
4. Cuts.
5. Hazardous chemicals.
6. Contact with potentially infectious materials, such
as blood.
7. Radiation.
Types of Body Protection

 Vests
 Jackets
 Aprons ‫مرايل‬
 Surgical gowns
 Full-body suits

• Select and use the right kind of body protection for

the job you are going to be performing.
• Inspect your aprons before you use them.
• Store body protection in a clean, cool, dry, and
ventilated area.
6- Head Protection

Frequent causes of head injuries:

1. Falling objects from above striking on the head.
2. Bump ‫ صدمة‬head against fixed objects, such as
exposed pipes or beams.
3. Accidental head contact with electrical hazards.
 Helmet is designed to absorb some impact.

 suspension must be adjusted so shell is 1.5

inches above the head

 Helmet are tested to withstand impact of 8

lb weight dropped from 5 ft
Classes and Types of Helmets

 Type I: provides protection from objects fall directly on top

of the helmet, but not from objects that strike the side, front,
or back of the head.

 Type II: provides protection from strikes to the top of the

head and also provides protection from blows to the sides,
front, and back of the head. More suitable for workers who
are not always in a standing position
Classes of Helmets

 Class A
 General service (e.g., mining, building construction,
shipbuilding, and manufacturing)
 Good impact protection but limited voltage protection.

 Class B
 Electrical work.
 Protect against falling objects and high-voltage shock and
burns.

 Class C
 Designed for comfort, offer limited protection.
 Protects heads that may bump against fixed objects, but
do not protect against falling objects or electrical shock.
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