OCCUPATION

AL SAFETY
& HEALTH
PRESENTED BY GROUP 4
TO BE DISCUSSED

MODULE 11 MODULE 12
1 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE 02 JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
EQUIPMENT

MODULE 13
03 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
MODULE 11:
PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT (PPE)
- PPE usage is considered the last resort.
- Can provide added protection to the employee but will not eliminate
the hazard.
LIMITATIONS OF PPE
➢Only protects the person wearing the equipment not others nearby
➢ Relies on people wearing the equipment at all times
➢ Must be used properly
➢ Must be replaced when it no longer offers the correct level of protection. This is required when
respiratory protection is used.
OPTIONS FOR CONTROL
➢ Risk Evaluation
➢ Hazards Identification
➢ Choice of control options
➢ Determination of control
ROLE OF MANAGEMENT
➢ Development of PPE program
➢ Implementation
➢ Evaluation based on guidelines, standards
➢ Revision, refinement
➢ Standards
➢ Accurate measurement
➢ Variations in concentration of contaminant
➢ Overall level of risk to the worker
 
MANAGEMENT OF PPE PROGRAMS
➢ Ultimate responsibility of a PPE Program rests at Management level
➢ It should be supported by a written procedure and controlled by a responsible person.
 
RISK EVALUATION
➢ What particular job ➢ Related circumstances
➢ Nature and degree of exposure ➢ Result of exposure
➢ Magnitude of exposure ➢ Local or systemic effect
➢ Increased level of exposure ➢ Short or long term effect
➢ Length of exposure ➢ Reversibility or otherwise
➢ Frequency of exposure occurrence ➢ Acceptable level of exposure
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
➢ Agent
➢ Physical Characteristic
➢ Route of Entry
➢ Effect from exposure
CONTROL OPTIONS
SELECTED SHOULD:
➢ Reduce individual exposure to an acceptable level
➢ Be acceptable to the potentially exposed workforce
➢ Be practicable in terms of engineering concepts
 

PPE PROGRAM IS COMPOSED OF THE

FOLLOWING ELEMENTS:
1. Selection 3. Health Aspects
➢ To be done by a suitably trained person with ➢ Use of PPE can have an impact on an
employee’s health (e.g. skin irritation,
adequate information of the task, hazards,
personnel, materials, etc. heat stress)
2. Fitting 4. Compatibility
➢ When first issued, the user should also be ➢ If more than one type of PPE is required to
trained to check the fit whenever the equipment be worn simultaneously, then the harmony of
is used. the individual items needs to be evaluated.
5. Issue
➢ Provision should be made to control the issue 7. Maintenance (Cleaning and Storage)
of PPE to employees, ➢ Depending on type of equipment used,
remembering that several types of equipment procedures need to be established for its cleaning
may be available. and maintenance when necessary
6. Proper Use 8. Disposal
➢ PPE is effective if worn properly for the ➢ Used PPE can be contaminated with toxic
appropriate task agents and disposal procedures need careful
consideration. Depending on the circumstances,
equipment may need to be treated as toxic
waste
9. Information and Training
➢ Employees have to be given sufficient 11. Reviews
information and proper training about the
hazards associated with their jobs to enable ➢ Periodic evaluation to confirm that the
them to work safely with minimal risk to health. agreed procedures are appropriate and being
followed
10. Supervision
12. Checklist
➢ A PPE program is unlikely to be successful
unless the first line supervisory personnel are ➢ to ensure use of properly fitted, effective PPE
knowledgeable and held accountable for for specific jobs
effective use of PPE
CONTROLLING HAZARDS
To develop an effective PPE program, the supervisor should:
➢ Be familiar with required standards and requirements of government regulations
➢ Be able to identify hazards
➢ Be familiar with the safety equipment on the market to protect specific hazards
➢ Know the company procedures for maintaining the equipment
➢ Develop an effective method for convincing employees to dress safety and wear the proper protective
equipment
➢ Review all material safety data sheets (MSDS) that require personal protective equipment for protection
against hazardous chemicals and materials
➢ Consider establishing an industrial hygiene evaluation procedure to determine whether PPE is needed to
meet MSDS requirement.
PPE AND THEIR CLASSIFICATIONS
➢ Head Protection ◦ ▪ Respiratory Protection
◦ ▪ Face Protection
o Air Purifying Device
o Helmets
o Mechanical Filter Respirator
o Shields and Goggles
o Chemical Cartridge Respirators
o Hoods
o Gas Masks
◦ ▪ Eye Protection
o Hose Masks
o Contact Lenses
o Air Supplied Respirators
o Goggles
o Abrasive Blasting Helmets
◦ ▪ Ear Protection
o Self Contained Breathing
o Earplug Apparatus (SCBA)
o Muff Devices
➢ Arms, Hands, Fingers o Chrome Tamed Cowhide Leather Gloves- used in
foundries and steel mills.
o Heat Resistant Gloves- used to protect against burns
and discomfort when the hands are exposed to sustained o Cotton Fabric Gloves- are suitable for protection
conductive heat. against dirt, silvers, chafing or abrasion.
o Metal Mesh Gloves- used by those who work o Heated Gloves- are designed for use in cold
constantly with knives to protect against cuts and blows environments such as deep freezers and can be part of a
from sharp pr rough object. heated-clothing system
o Rubber Gloves- Worn by electricians
o Rubber, Neoprene and Vinyl Gloves- are used when
handling chemicals and corrosive.
o Leather Gloves- are able to resist sparks, moderate
heat, chips and rough objects.
➢ Feet, Legs energized electrical equipment is
remote, as in the construction
o Metal Free shoes, boots and other industry
footwear- are available for use where
there are specific electrical hazards
or fire explosion hazards
o For wet work- leather shoes with
o Congress or gaiter-type shoes- are wood soles or wood soled sandals are
used to protect people from splashes effective
of molten metal or from welding
o Safety Shoes with Metatarsal
sparks.
Guards
o Reinforced or inner soles of
o Leg Protection- Encircle the leg
flexible metal- are built into shoes
from ankle to knee and have a flap at
worn in areas where there are
the bottom to protect the instep and
hazards from protruding nails and
the entire leg.
when the likelihood of contact with
2 TYPES OF
HEAD
PROTECTIO
N
WHEN SHOULD YOU WEAR
A HARD HAT?
 When working in areas where there is a risk of falling objects, such as construction sites or warehouses.
 When working in areas where there is a risk of head injury from low ceilings, protruding objects, or other
hazards.
 When working with electrical equipment or near overhead electrical lines.
 When working in areas where there is a risk of exposure to chemicals, such as in a chemical plant or
laboratory.
 When working in confined spaces where there is a risk of head injury from sharp or protruding objects.
MAJOR PARTS OF HARD HAT AND
HOW IT PROTECTS AN INDIVIDUAL
CLASSIFICATION OF HARD HAT
HARD HAT COLOR CODE
PURPOSE OF HARD HAT COLOR
CODE
1. To identify a person and his responsibility
2. To avoid any accidents
3. It protects the impact from falling objects.
4. It protects against the penetration of any dangerous objects at a workplace. (rods, bricks, etc.)
TYPES OF EYE AND FACE
PROTECTION
1. SPECTACLES
-the lenses are made from tough optical quality
plastic such as polycarbonate
2. GOGGLES
-made with a flexible plastic frame and one-piece lens
and have an elastic headband
3. FACE SHIELD
- are heavier and bulkier than other types of eye
protector but are comfortable if fitted with an
adjustable head harness
TYPES OF HEARING PROTECTORS
1. EARPLUG 2. EARMUFFS

FOAM TYPE (DISPOSABLE) HARD HAT ATTACHED

FORMABLE(DISPOSABLE) OVER-THE-HEAD

SEMI-AURAL BEHIND-THE-HEAD
TYPES OF RESPIRATORS
For Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere  Air Purifying Respirator - Removes contaminates before
reaching breathing zone, either trap particulates or neutralize or
 Supplied Air Respirator - respiratory protective devices absorb gases and vapors
supplying clean air to a user through an air-supply hose.
I. DISPOSABLE II. CARTRIDGE

FOAM TYPE QUARTER MASK

For Contaminated Air

POLYPROPYLENE HALF MASK

TYPE
MODULE 12 :
JOB HAZARD
ANALYSIS (JHA)
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
is one of the safety management tools that can be
used to define and control the hazards associated
with a certain process, job or procedure. Job Hazard
Analysis is a term used interchangeably with Job
Safety Analysis and Risk Assessment. The purpose of
a JHA is to ensure that the risk of each step of a task
is reduced to ALARP (As Low As Reasonably
Practicable).
USES OF JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
➢ Create/ Improve (Safe Operating Procedures (SOP's))
➢ Guide in observing employee performance

ESTABLISHING PRIORITIES ARE

➢ Accident investigation
➢ Safety inspection

BASED ON THE FOLLOWING

CRITERIA:
➢ High frequency of accidents or near- misses
➢ History of serious accidents or fatalities
➢ Potential for serious harm
➢ New jobs
➢ Changes in procedures and standards
SELECTING A JHA TEAM:
➢ Involving others in the process reduces the possibility or overlooking an individual
job step or potential hazard
➢ It increases the likelihood of identifying the most appropriate measures of
eliminating or controlling the hazards.

AN EFFECTIVE JHA TEAM

USUALLY INCLUDES:
o The supervisor
o The employee most familiar with how the job is done and its related
hazards
o Other employees who perform the job
o Experts or specialist when necessary, such as safety officer, maintenance
personnel, occupational hygienist, ergonomists, or design engineers.
ACCIDENTS CAN OCCUR WHEN
➢ Work is performed incorrectly
➢ Workers use hazardous materials
➢ Work Under hazardous conditions
JHA PROCEDURE
1. IDENTIFYING BASIC
JOB STEPS
Most common errors:
➢ Describing the job in too much detail
➢ Describing the job in too little detail
Solution:
➢ List as steps only those tasks that would be
described to someone being trained to perform the
job.
2. Determine the Hazards
➢ Hazard guide: ➢ Materials
o The physical actions required for that specific step o Chemicals
o The materials used o Corrosive
o The equipments used o Flammable
o The conditions under which the step is normally o Volatile
performed. ➢ Equipment
➢ Physical action: o Mechanical hazard
o Force (weight) o Electrical hazard
o Frequency (repetition) ➢ Conditions
o Posture (Prolonged) o Noisy environment
o Position (distance) o Temperatures extremes
o Vibration present
o Poor or high Illumination
o Pressure (atmospheric force)
o Prolonged hours
3. RECOMMENDING CORRECTIVE MEASURES:
➢ Should be developed at the job site whenever possible
➢ Should be developed in sequence, beginning with the first hazard
➢ Must be specific
CORRECTING THE HAZARDS
➢ Administrative control o Installation of machine
➢ PPE o Use of automatic safeguard devices
➢ Engineering control o Replacement of a particular piece of
➢ Physical action equipment
o Modifying/Rearranging/Combining o Training, experience, skills
actions o Use of PPE should also be considered
o Change the process ➢ Work Area Condition
o Training o Relocation (isolation by place)
o Use of PPE o Rescheduling (isolation by time)
➢ Material o Redesign of the work area
o Substitution of materials
o Machine guarding or Safe guarding
o Limit employee exposure
o Use of PPE
➢ Equipment
 

USES OF A JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS

1. Develop / improve SOP’s - To constantly improve according to SOP
/ develop written procedures to perform
the job in the safest & healthiest way possible.
  4. Inspections - When developing inspection
2. Employee Training checklists, supervisors can use JHA’s to help
▪ Ensuring that each job step is performed safely identify hazardous conditions that may need to be
& efficiently included.
▪ To point out particular job steps / hazards that  
requires special precautions. 5. Accident Investigations
▪ Refresher training (infrequent jobs) ▪ To determine if the job was being performed
▪ Increase awareness on hazards incorrectly
  ▪ To tell if a hazard was overlooked in the initial
3. Employee Observations analysis.
▪ Guide in employee performance observations
▪ Allows supervisors to focus on especially
hazardous steps
▪ Ensures employee is performing steps
MODULE 13:
EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS
Emergency Preparedness
◦ The potential for emergencies and disasters to happen at all plant facilities, even at home can be
devastating in terms of casualties, business interruptions, loss of capital investments, etc.
 
Emergency
a sudden, unexpected event demanding an immediate action.

Disaster
an extremely serious state of emergency where the possibility of loss of life, severe injury or extensive
damage to property exists.
sudden, calamitous event bringing wide spread damage or suffering, loss or destruction and great
misfortune, often arriving without forewarning.
DESIGN PLANS
• Will provide established procedures and guidelines for the management and staff to follow in
the event of disaster.

▪ Communications
▪ General Emergencies
▪ Evacuation Procedures
▪ Natural Emergencies
▪ Man-made Emergencies
▪ Consideration for Emergencies
▪ Disaster Recovery
RESPONSE PLAN PROVIDE
GUIDELINES
▪ PROTECT LIVES AND PROPERTIES
▪ IMPROVE PREPAREDNESS IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCY OR DISASTER
▪ PROVIDE FOR ORDERLY AND EFFICIENT TRANSITION FROM NORMAL TO EMERGENCY
OPERATION
▪ REDUCE LOSSES ASSOCIATED WITH EMERGENCIES THROUGH IMPROVED ENTERPRISE
RESOURCES
▪ ASSIGN EMERGENCY AUTHORITY
▪ ASSIGN EMERGENCY RESPONSIBILITY
▪ IMPROVE SAFETY AWARENESS, EMERGENCY AND DISASTER READINESS
APPLICATION OF THIS PLAN
MAN MADE  

EMERGENCIES NATURAL
EMERGENCIES
• HAZARDOUS MATERIAL
• TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENT
• TYPHOONS
• TERRORISM
• FLOOD
• SABOTAGE
• EARTHQUAKE
• KIDNAPPING
• FIRE
 
A. Communication
EXTERNAL  INTERNAL
- TELEPHONE - TWO WAY RADIO - PERSONAL
CONTACT
- CELLPHONES
- WARNING SYSTEM – MEGAPHONE
B. General Emergency Plan
1. Warning from Outside Agencies Point)
Warning of a severe weather, typhoons, floods, Personnel and visitors will immediately proceed
volcanic eruptions or other emergencies which to this area.
can be foretold by gov’t.
4. Education and Training
2. Warning from Within ◦ A. Personal and Personnel Survival.
◦ B. Drills
It is the responsibility of the Building Captain,
◦ -Fire drills shall be held at least annually or more often if
head of Communications & Security in the ERT deemed necessary.
organization to notify all personnel and visitors ◦ -Familiarity with evacuation routes/plans
when it is necessary to evacuate the ◦ -Drills shall be held at both opportune and inopportune times
facility/building or go directly to PAP. to cover almost any situation.

3. PAP (Personnel/Pre-designated Assembly

5. Special Duties ❑ ERT member from maintenance personnel shall
shut off electricity in an emergency and report for
❑ Each head of department shall take notice of their further assignment.
personnel’s attendance when each drill is conducted.
6. Employees
❑ Upon arrival at the pre- designated assembly point,
the department head shall count their personnel to ❑ Don’t take time to get belongings when the alarm is
assure that all are accounted. sounded.
❑ The evacuation plan provides for checking of ❑ Certain employees will be designated by Area
restrooms, vacant rooms, specialty rooms and elevator Marshall to be responsible for closing windows, doors,
to ensure that all persons are aware and are heeding turning off the lights and equipment and other duties.
the warning.
❑ Employees will proceed to the nearest exit and
❑ Each employee is assigned during his/her shift evacuate the building in an orderly fashion to the
certain task to conduct closing doors, windows, and designated area.
turning off lights in a disaster.
C. EVACUATION PROCEDURE
1. Employee seated near windows shall secure possible without creating more hazards than
that the windows are close. already encountered.
2. Any employee next to a restroom or vacant 6. Keep calm and listen for information or
room shall check that room and, if anyone is there, instructions.
instruct that person(s) to proceed to the PAP.
7. If primary exits are blocked, for any reason,
3. Employees are not to take anything with them then go to an alternative exit.
unless ordered by the Area Marshall for important
documents or in case of fire. 8. Department heads should account for all his/her
personnel.
4. Employee closest to the doors/stairways will
leave first; then the last person out of the room 9. If a fire is in the corridor just outside the room
will close the door. or close enough to the exit route, then close the
door block all gaps around the door until a move
5. Employees should move quickly and safely as can be decided.
Delegation of Duties.
1. Floor warden
2. Building Captain
3. Head-count and reporting
4. Exit guards
5. Fire Extinguisher Squad
6. Hose and Nozzle Team
7. First Aiders
8. Search & Rescue Team
D. Considerations for Emergency
Operations
I. Direction and Control.
Aspects:
• Indicate in-charge of each emergency
• Determine when to issue order to evacuate the facility
• Identify individual responsibility for issuing evacuation orders and how it will be announced.
• Chain of command to assure continuous leadership, authority and responsibility in key
positions.
• Assignment of operational and administrative support for emergency response.
II. Emergency Information
-defining responsibility of the department and describing activation procedures.
-assignment of responsibility to assure employees understands the warning signals, receive
instruction, know and what to do in case of emergency
-include emergency response activities on the agenda of regular supervisors meeting.
-designation of information office as official point of contact during an emergency.
-timely forecast of all hazards that require emergency preparedness or response action
III. Facility Shutdown
Aspects:
▪ Indicate under what conditions shutdown must
▪ occurred to be considered
▪ Identify authority to shutdown
▪ Complete checklist for shutdown
▪ Diagrams to show where to turn everything off
IV. Communication.
-Establishing, using, maintaining and providing back up for all channels of communications
needed for emergency response and recovery.
Aspects:
o Primary and back up communication with generator or extra batteries.
o Two way response radio communication between Bldg. Captain and Group Leader of
emergency response forces.
o Key telephone numbers for industry emergency assistance organization.
V. Emergency Services.
-plot plan of utility shut off, water hydrant mains, and building plan.
-traffic and security control.
-fire equipment storage
-damage assessment reports
-obtaining emergency medical support during emergency
-adequate water supply for drinking, firefighting and sanitation
A well-organized emergency procedure
takes account of four stages:
➢ Preliminary action
➢ Action when emergency is imminent
➢ Action during the emergency
➢ Ending Emergency
The emergency plan should possess the
following provisions:
1. The purpose of the emergency plan is to provide guidance on the following:
a. A site emergency response organization’s structure and responsibilities
b. Develop a sample emergency scenarios and their consequences
c. Establish emergency control resources (human, equipment, training, etc.)
2. Make sure that the emergency plan is up-to-date
3. The emergency telephone numbers must be provided, including the senior personnel or people
that must be notified in case of emergency
EMERGENCY is a sudden, unexpected event demanding an immediate action.
General Procedures In Response To
Different Types Of Emergencies.
FIRST AID – is the immediate care given to a victim who has been injured or suddenly taken ill.
ROLE OF FIRST AIDER:
1. Serves as the bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician.
2. He is not to compete with nor take the place of the physician.
3. He will assist the physician when he arrives.
OBJECTIVES IN GIVING FIRST AID:
1. To alleviate suffering of the victim.
2. To prevent added injury to the victim and to prevent further harm.
3. To prolong the life of the victim.
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLE
1. Survey the scene.
2. Do the primary survey of the victim.
3. Activate medical assistance or transfer facility.
4. Do the secondary survey of the victim
SHOCK is a depressed condition of many body functions due to failure of enough blood to circulate throughout
the body following a serious injury.
OBJECTIVE OF FIRST AID TO SHOCK VICTIMS:
1. To improve circulation of the blood.
2. To ensure adequate supply of oxygen.
3. To maintain normal body temperature.
WOUND is a break in the continuity in the body either internal or external.
FIRST AID for closed wounds:
I – Ice application provided to the affected portion of the body.
C – Compression over the affected portion.
E – Elevate affected portion above the heart to reduce swelling.
S – Split or immobilize
FIRST AID for open wounds:
C – Control bleeding
C – Cover wound with dressing
C – Care for shock
C – Consult or refer to physician
EARTHQUAKE - What to do:
✓ Act quickly! Protect your body from falling debris by getting under a sturdy desk, table or
doorway
✓ Keep away from glass windows and free standing furniture.
✓ When outside, stay away from tall buildings, move to an open field.
✓ At the end of initial shock, evacuate building when given clearance by the Chief Marshal
✓ Go to the assembly area assigned near your position.
FIRE EMERGENCY – If you discover a fire:
✓ Activate fire alarm (break glass)
✓ Call for help, dial your hot line number
✓ Try to extinguish fire if knowledgeable to do so.
✓ Do not take any personal risks.
✓ Follow instructions of evacuation team guide.
✓ Proceed to the assembly area.
EVACUATION
✓ On hearing the alarm signal, gather vital personal effects and go for the nearest exit near you.
✓ Go to the assembly area at the open field assigned near your present location
✓ If you are away from normal work floor, obey instructions from that floor.
✓ Do not attempt to return to your own floor
✓ Security will take any other action.
BOMB THREAT
✓ If a bomb or suspicious object is discovered – do not touch it, clear the area
✓ Notify security office
✓ Prevent other personnel from going into the area
✓ Security will take any other action required
IF YOU RECEIVED A CALL…
✓ Attract the attention of another staff member to ring your local hotline
✓ Record details of threat as per procedure given: do not hang up your phone
✓ Try to record exact words; keep the caller TALKING (try to obtain as much information as
possible)
✓ Security will take further action required
QUESTIONS TO ASK…
✓ When is the bomb going to explode?
✓ Where is it right now?
✓ What does it look like?
✓ What kind of bomb is it?
✓ What will cause the bomb to explode?
✓ Who place the bomb?
✓ Why?
✓ Where are you?
✓ What is your name?
DO NOT HANG UP THE PHONE
SECURITY
✓ Most Senior Security Officer on-duty shall respond when an emergency arising from fire,
earthquake and explosions occurs upon notice given by the Chief Marshal
✓ The compound shall be cordoned to prevent unauthorized person’s entry
✓ Security Officers shall supervise crowd control to prevent employees and looters around the
affected area.
✓ Follow the safe and orderly evacuations of employees to the assembly area.
“SAFETY IS EVERYONE’S RESPONSIBILITY”
Thank you very much.