GROUP 1: RIZAL EXILE, ARREST AND EXECUTION

RIZAL EXILE
• June 26,1892- the arrival of Jose Rizal in Manila had become very sensational among the
Filipinos.
• July 3, 1892- as he had planned, he founded the La Liga Filipina in the house of Doroteo
Ongjunco in Tondo, Manila.

Four days after the civic organization’s foundation, Jose Rizal was arrested by the Spanish authorities on
four grounds:
1. For publishing anti-Catholic and anti-friar books and articles;
2. For having in possession, a bundle of handbills, the Pobres Frailes, in which advocacies were
in violation of the Spanish orders;
3. For dedicating his novel, El Filibusterismo to the three “traitors” (Gomez, Burgos and
Zamora) and for emphasizing on the novel’s title page that “the only salvation for the
Philippines was separation from the mother country (referring to Spain)”; and
4. For simply criticizing the religion and aiming for its exclusion from the Filipino culture.

• July 17, 1892- Rizal-, together with his guard Captain Ricardo Carnicero, arrived in
Dapitan.
• Rizal was given the choice to live in the house of the parish priest, Fr. Antonio Obach or at
Carnicero’s house.
• He could live in the priest’s quarters only if:
• he publicly retracted his Masonic and antichurch beliefs
• he regularly participates in church rites
• he conducts himself as a good Spanish subject and a man of religion.
• Rizal made him a bust and compared a poem in his honor “A Don Ricardo Carnicero” on
his birthday on August 26, 1892.

LIFE IN TALISAY
• Both men betted on the lottery and won 20,000 pesos.
• Lottery Ticket Number: 9736
• He used his money to build an octagonal house made of bamboo and nipa in Talisay.
• Rizal built a school and accepted students with no tuition.
• The other part was used for his eye clinic.
• He also built a house for the ladies in his family who were free to visit him in dapitan.
• Carnicero also wrote a letter to Governor General to allow his mother and sisters to join him
in Dapitan.
• May 4, 1893- Carnicero was replaced by Captain Juan Sitges.
• The Jesuits send is old Professor at the Ateneo, Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez- to entice
him back to the Church.
• He helped clean up the plaza of Dapitan and lit it up at night with coconut oil lamps.
• Rizal fell in love with the eighteen-year-old Josephine Bracken.
• Rizal and Josephine tried to have themselves married in Catholic rites but Fr. Obach
required that Rizal retract his beliefs.
• Rizal's relatives and friends looked at Josephine with suspicion and condescension.
• Pablo Mercado- a spy of the friars who posed as Rizal's relative. (Real name: Florencio
Namaan)
• Pio Valenzuela- an emissary of Andres Bonifacio, he was asking for advice on how to
launch a revolution. He offered to have the Katipunan assist him in escaping from Dapitan.
• Rizal objected to the projected revolution, the revolutionaries must have enough arms and
weapons.
• Manuela Orlac- Filipina companion who accompanied Josephine Bracken and her father
George Taufer to Dapitan.
• George Taufer- the father of Josephine Bracken.

THE END OF DAPITAN EXILE

• When Cuba is under revolution and raging yellow and fever epidemic, Rizal wrote
Governador General Ramon Blanco offering his service as a military doctor.
• Governador General Ramon Blanco- he approved the request of Rizal on July 1, 1896.
• At the midnight of that day, he left aboard the steamer España.
• The townspeople of Dapitan wept because they considered Rizal as a good son and neighbor.
• He stayed in Dapitan for four years, thirteen days and a few hours.
• August 6, 1896- upon arriving in Manila Bay, Rizal was not able to leave immediately for
Spain since the vessel Isla de Luzon already left.
• He was transferred to Spanish cruiser Castilla and stayed there for a month from August 6 to
September 2, 1896.

• August 19, 1896- the Katipunan plot to overthrow the Spanish rule by means of revolution, it
was discovered by Fr. Mariano Gil after Teodoro Patino's disclosure of organization's
secrets.
• At that time, Katipunan was already discovered and the Philippines Revolution was already
raging.
• August 26, 1896- Bonifacio and Katipunan raised the Cry of Revolution (Sigaw sa
Pugadlawin) in the hills of Balintawak, a few miles North of Manila.
• In the afternoon, Governor General Blanco proclaimed a state of war in the first eight
provinces for rising arms against Spain.
• The eight provinces: Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga, Nueva
Ecija and Tarlac.
• He transferred to Isla de Panay which was sailing for Barcelona, Spain.
• Don Pedro Roxas advised Rizal to stay and take advantage of the protection of British Law

RIZAL ARREST
• September 30- the Isla de Panay had already sailed past Port Said in Egypt and was now
sailing in the Mediterranean.
• A telegraphic message was received ordering that Rizal be placed under arrest.
• Bernardino Nozalde- Archbishop of Manila who clamored for the arrest of Rizal who was
said to be the spirit of Philippine Revolution.
• October 3- the Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona and Rizal was send to a prison-fortress,
Montjuich Castle.
• Rizal's interview with Despujol he would be shipped back to Manila
• On the night of the same day, after the interview, Rizal was taken aboard the Colon which
was loaded with Spanish troops sailed for Manila.
• November 3, 1896- the Colon arrived in Manila Bay and Rizal was taken to Fort Santiago.
• November 20, 1896- Rizal was brought before a Spanish military tribunal headed by Colonel
Francisco Olive.
• Oral testimonies were taken and were used to implicate Rizal in the Philippine Revolution.
• Governor General Blanco appointed Captain Rafael Dominquez to institute charges
against Rizal.
• Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade- the lawyer of Jose Rizal and brother of his former bodyguard
Jose Taviel de Andrade.
• December 13- the case was forwarded to Governor General Camilo de Polavieja-
replacement of Governor Blanco.
• Rizal's actual trial began on December 26, 1896 and it was held at the Hall of Banners of
the Cuartel de España in Fort Santiago.
• Rizal was charged with three crimes: rebellion, sedition and formation of illegal
associations.
• December 28, 1896- Governador General Polavieja signed Rizal's death warrant ordering
him to be shot at 7:00 o'clock in the morning at Bagumabayan.

RIZAL EXECUTION
• Fr. Miguel Saderra Mata, Rector of the Ateneo Municipal and
• Fr. Luis Viza brought the image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
• Fr. Antonio Rosell- he ate breakfast with Rizal.
• Lt. Taviel de Andrade- also arrived and Rizal thanked him for his gallant servies.
• Fr. Balaguer- he remained with Rizal around noon
• Rizal gave an alcohol stove to Trinidad which was a gift from Pardo de Tavera.
• Fr. Vilaclara and Balaguer again arrived to convince Rizal to retract.
• Fiscal Gaspar Castaño of the Royal Audiencia.
• A draft of retraction arrived from Archbishop Bernandino Nozaleda.
• Another draft or retraction was made by Fr. Pio Pi- the superior of the Jesuit Mission in the
Philippines.
• Juan del Fresno- the Chief of the guard detail and the Adjutant of the Plaza Elroy Moure.
• Imitacion de Cristo by Thomas Kempis which he authographed.
• He wrote three farewell letters: Parents, Dr. Blumentritt and Paciano.
• Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo took Rizal's pulse and found that it was normal.
• Viva España
• Marcha de Cadiz
• The remains of Rizal's were cleaned in Higino Mercado's house.
• December 30, 1896- Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal, the greatest man of the Malayan race, was shot
to death at Bagumbayan, Manila.
GROUP 2: THE ISSUES ON RIZAL’S RETRACTION
WHAT IS A RETRACTION LETTER?
a retraction letter is a document that withdraws, or rescinds, a previous claim. In this case, we will discuss
Jose Rizal and his "retraction" from what he claimed in his writings about the misconducts of the Spanish
friars.
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
• Dr. Jose Rizal was arrested, tried, and sentenced to death by a Spanish court martial after being implicated
as a leader of the Philippine revolution.
• December 30, 1896, accounts exist that Rizal allegedly retracted his masonic ideals and his writings and
reconverted to Catholicism following several hours of persuasion by Jesuit priests.
• a few hours before he was shot, Rizal signed a document stating that he was a catholic and retracted all his
writings against the church. The document was known as the "the retraction."
• Rizal’s retraction letter was discovered by father Manuel Garcia, c.m. in 1935 at the catholic hierarchy's
archive in manila. The letter, dated December 29, 1896.

May 18, 1935 was the date, fr. Garcia found "the retraction" document of Rizal.
"I declare myself a catholic and in this religion in which I was born and educated i wish to live and die.
"I retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writings, publications and conduct has been contrary to
my character as son of the catholic church. I believe and I confess whatever she teaches and I submit to
whatever she demands. I abominate masonry, as the enemy which is of the church, and as a society
prohibited by the church. The diocesan prelate may, as the superior ecclesiastical authority, make public this
spontaneous manifestation of mine in order to repair the scandal which my may have caused and so that god
and people may pardon me."
Manila 29 of December of 1896

THERE ARE FOUR ITERATIONS OF THE TEXT OF THIS RETRACTION:

1. La Voz Española & 01 Diario de manila is said to be one of the first published texts, together with
diario de manila, on the very day of Rizal’s execution, Dec. 30, 1896. Fr.Vicente Balaelion, anonymously
in the beginning, few months after execution 14 February 1897.
2)la Juventud a magazine, which is the second to appear, in Barcelona, Spain, on February 14, 1897. It came
from an anonymous writer who revealed himself fourteen years later as Fr. Balaguer.
3)Fr. Vicente reveals his version anonymously in the beginning, few months after execution 14 February
1897
4) El Imparcial appeared on the day after Rizal’s execution; it is the short formula of the retraction

Ongoing issue about the Rizal retraction and subject to continuous debate. Whether Rizal retracted or not
and whether the document is forged or real.
the following primary sources are of two kinds:
Pro-Retraction
Believes that Rizal retracted his criticisms against the Church before his death.
 The first two are the official accounts by the Jesuits

Anti-Retraction
Believes that Rizal did not retract and maintained his criticisms until his death.
 The other two are critical analysis by two Rizalist scholars

Fr. Vicente Balaguer's statement

 Fr. Vicente Balaguer claimed to be one of the Jesuit priests who visited Rizal in fort Santiago and
claimed that he managed to persuade Rizal to retract everything he wrote against the catholic church
and saying that he was a catholic but the statement/account of Balaguer didn’t have enough evidence
to prove that the retraction which is signed by Jose Rizal was true.

 Balaguer also claimed that he was the one who solemnized the marriage of Josephine bracken and
Rizal hours before the hero's execution

 The first draft of the retraction was sent by archbishop Bernardino nozaleda to Rizal’s cell in fort
Santiago the night before his execution in Bagumbayan. But Rizal was said to have rejected the draft
because it was lengthy.

THE ACCOUNT Fr. Vicente Balaguer's

 According to the account, Rizal accepted a shorter retraction document prepared by the superior of
the Jesuit society in the Philippine’s, father Pio pi.

 Rizal then wrote his retraction after making some modifications in the document. In his retraction, he
disavowed masonry and religious thoughts that opposed catholic belief.

 the retraction was signed together with dr. Rizal by Señor Fresno, chief of the picket, and Señor
Moure, adjutant of the plaza.

FR. PIO PI'S STATEMENT

 Fr. Pio pi was the Jesuit superior in the Philippine’s during the time when Rizal was executed.
 In 1917, he issued an affidavit recounting his involvement in the alleged retraction of Rizal.
 unlike father Balaguer, however, he was involved only in securing the retraction document from the
archbishop of manila Bernardino nozaleda, and writing another shorter retraction document as well
which was the one Rizal allegedly copied.

THE ACCOUNT OF FR. PIO PI

 According to his account, a long discussion with father Balaguer happened before Rizal willingly
surrendered to turn back to Catholicism.

 Rizal found certain objections with first composition presented by fr. Balaguer. His work satisfied
Rizal and made some little modifications to make it Rizal’s own and spontaneous work, then wrote it
with Rizal’s hand and signed it.
 Beneath Rizal’s signature the chief of the picket, Juan del Fresno, and the adjutant of the plaza, Eloy
Moure, as witnesses.

RAFAEL PALMA’S CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Rafael Palma-lawyer, writer, educator, and politician
 was the author of biografia de Rizal, a work on the life of the national hero which won a literary
contest in 1938 sponsored by the commonwealth government. The publication of the book, however,
was postponed because of World War ii and only saw print in 1949.

 that same year, an English translation by romanbozaeta with the title pride of the Malay race was
published by prentice-hall, inc. In the United States. The story of Rizal’s

 alleged retraction is found in chapters 32 and 33 with Palma’s analysis in the latter chapter

THE ANALYSIS OF RAFAEL PALMA

 According to his analysis, the retraction of Rizal is a hearsay with the following reasons:

1. The document of retraction was kept secret

2. Petitions were denied after the Rizal’s family asked for the original or copy of the retraction document as
well as the marriage certificate with Josephine bracken
3. Rizal's burial was kept secret.
4. No masses were held or funeral held by the Catholics on the death of Rizal.
5. He was not buried in the catholic cemetery in paco.
6. The entry of in the book burials of the interment of Rizal’s body is not made on the page with those
buried on December 30, 1896.
7. There was no moral motive for the conversion

AUSTIN COATES’S CRITICAL ANALYSIS

 Austin Coates’s interest in Jose Rizal began when he was assistant colonial secretary and magistrate
in Hong Kong in 1950.
 His first study on Rizal was on the latter's year-long stay in Hong Kong (1891-1892). At that time,
many of the personalities who knew Rizal were still alive.
 this early awareness on Rizal eventually led to the writing and publication of his book-
 Rizal: Philippine nationalist and martyr (oxford university press, 1956)-the First Rizal biography
written by a European since Vida y escritos del dr. Jose Rizal by wenceslao retana in 1907.
 The second edition of the book was published in the Philippines by Solidaridad publishing house in
1992.
 Coates's analysis of Rizal’s retraction and other events that happened before his execution are found
in part vil, chapter 5 of the book.
THE ANALYSIS OF AUSTIN COATES
 according to his analysis, the retraction of Rizal dubbed as an ecclesiastical fraud. It was the friars
who wanted Rizal’s retraction.
 there was no signed letter of retraction because Rizal knew too well the damage such a letter would
do him.
 It is inconceivable that they would not give him Christian burial which the two Jesuits at the
execution didn't do.
 Rizal's family found difficult to accept retraction or marriage. They knew if he retracted in his 6 a.m.
communication with his mother.
 Balaguer made no mention of the last poem that Rizal wrote which is the ultimo adios.
GROUP 3: THE WOMEN OF RIZAL

1. SEGUNDA KATIGBAK - Segunda Katigbak was his “Puppy Love”.

 Segunda was a friend to Jose’ s sister Olympia. Through Olympia, Jose and Segunda become
intimately close leading Jose to regularly visit Segunda’ s dormitory.
 Sadly, their relationship was hopeless right from the very start because Segunda was already set to
marry a fellow-townsman in Batangas, Manuel Luz. But didn’t ’t stop the lovers from seeing each
other. One day, Segunda gave him an artificial white rose. In exchange, He handed the pencil sketch
to Segunda.

2. LEONOR VALENZUELA- Leonor “Orang“ Valenzuela, Rizal’ s second object of affection, is literally
the girl-next-door. They met when Rizal was a sophomore medical student at the University of santo
Thomas.
 During the courtship, Rizal was said to have sent Leonor private and secret love letters, which he
wrote using invisible ink made with water and salt-he was adept in chemistry, too. To read the
letters, Orang had to heat the letter over a candle or a lamp.

3. LEONOR RIVERA- Leonor Rivera, his sweetheart for 11 years played the greatest influence in keeping
him from falling in love with other women during his travel.
 Unfortunately, Leonor’ s mother disapproved of her daughter relationship with Rizal, she hid form
Leonor all letters sent to her sweetheart. Leonor believing that Rizal had already forgotten her, sadly
consented her to marry the Englishman Henry Kipping. her mother’ s choice.
 Rivera died on August 28, 1893 shortly after giving birth to her second child with kipping.

4. CONSUELO ORTEGA Y PEREZ- Consuelo Ortega Y Perez, the prettier of don Pablo Ortega’s
daughter’s, fell in love with him.
 He dedicated to her “A La Senorita C.O.Y.P.” which become one of his best poems. The Ortigas
residence in Madrid was frequented by Rizal and his compatriots.
 He probably fell in love with her and Consuel apparently asked him for romantic verses. He
suddenly backed out before the relationship turned into a serious romance because he wanted to
remain loyal to Leonor Rivera and he did not want to destroy his friendship with Eduardo de lete
who madly in love with Consuelo.

5. SEI-SAN- O Sei San, a Japanese samurai’ s daughter taught Rizal the Japanese art of painting known as
Su-mie. She also helped Rizal improve his knowledge of Japanese language.
 If Rizal was a man without a patriotic mission, he would have married this lovely and intelligent
woman and lived a stable and happy life with her in Japan because Spanish legation there offered
him a lucrative job.

6. GERTRUDE BECKETT- While Rizal was in London, he boarded in the house of the Beckett family,
within walking distance of the British Museum. Gertrude, a blue eyed and buxom girl was the oldest of the
three Beckett daughters. She fell in love with Rizal. Tottie helped him in his painting and sculpture. But
Rizal suddenly left London for Paris to avoid Gertrude, who was seriously in love with him. Before leaving
London, he was able to finish the group carving to Gertrude as a sign of their brief relationship.

7. SUZANNE JACOBY - In 1890, Rizal moved to Brussels because of the high cost of living in Paris. In
Brussels, He lived in the boarding house of the two Jacoby sisters. In time, they fell deeply in love with each
other. Suzanne cried when Rizal left Brussels and wrote him when he was in Madrid.

8. NELLIE BOUSTEAD - Rizal having lost Leonor Rivera, entertained the thought of courting other
ladies. While a guest of the Boustead family at their residence in the resort city of Biarritz, he had
befriended the two pretty daughters if his host, Eduardo Boustead. Rizal used to fence with the sisters at the
studio of Juan Luna.
 Antinio Luna, Juan’ s brother and also a frequent visitor of the Boustead, courted Nellie but she was
deeply infatuated with Rizal. In a party held by Filipinos in Madrid, a drunken Antinio Luna uttered
unsavory remark against Nellie Boustead. This prompted Rizal to challenge Luna into a duel.
Fortunately. Luna apologized to Rizal. thus, everything tragedy for the compatriots.

9. JOSEPHINE BRACKEN- In the last day of February 1895, while still in Dapitan, Rizal met an 18-year-
old petite Irish girl, with bold blue eyes brown hair and a happy disposition. She was Josephine Bracken, the
adopted daughter of George Taufer form Hong Kong, who come to Dapitan to seek Rizal for eye treatment.
Rizal was physically attracted to her.
GROUP 4: HISTORY BACKGROUND

•Dr. José P. Rizal in 1887 and published in Germany.

•Circulo Hispano-Filipino
•First novels of Jose Rizal
•Madrid 1884
•Paris 1885
•May 1887 in Berlin Germany

Uncle toms’ cabin harriet beecher stowe

It inspires Dr. José P. Rizal to prepare a novel that would depict the miseries of his people under the lash of
spanish tyrants.

•Maximo Viola
•Hebrew
•Noli Me Tangere
•Touch me not in John 20:17
•The Social Cancer
•Charles Derbyshire

•Djemnah
•Governor-General Emilio Terrero
•Don Jose Taviel de Andrade
•Berliner buchdrucket-action-gesselshaft

THE CHARACTERS OF NOLI ME TANGERE

•Crisostomo Ibarra - also known in his name as Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y Magsalin, A Filipino who
studied in Europe for 7 years.

Elias - ibarra’s mysterious friend, a master boater, also a fugitive. He was referred to at one point as “the
pilot”.
Maria Clara de Los Santos - Ibarra’s sweetheart; the legitimate daughter of Father Damaso and Pia Alba.

Father Damaso - also known his full name as Damaso Verdolagas, a friar and Maria Clara’s biological
father.
Sisa - the mother of basilio and crispen who became insane after losing her sons.

Captain Tiago - also known his full name as Don Santiago de los Santos, the known father of Maria Clara
but not real one, lives in Binondo.
Pilosopong Tasyo - also known as Don Asnastacio, portrayed in the novel as Pessimistic and mad by nis
neighbors.

Doña Victorina - Doña Victorina de los Reyes de Espadaña, a woman who poses herself as a peninsulares.

Pedro - abusive husband of Sisa who loved cockfighting.

Don Rafael Ibarra - known in the plot as a concerned citizen and property owner who was a father of
Crisostomo Ibarra.

The school Master - a teacher at San Diego who’s view in the novel represented the weak and useless
education in the Philippines.

Tandang Pablo - the leader of the rebels, who’s family was destroyed because of the Spaniards.

Basilio - the elder son of Sisa.

Crispen - the younger son of Sisa who died from the punishment of the solders from the false accusation of
stealing an amount of money.

Padre Siybila - Hernando de la Siybila, a Filipino friar. He is described as short end and has fair skin.

Padre Salvi - also known his full name as Bernardo Salve, as secret admirer of Maria Clara.

The Alferez - chief of guardia sibil, a mortal enemy of priest for power in San Diego.
Don Tiburcio - Spanish husband of Doña Victorina who was limp and submissive to his wife; he also
pretended to be a doctor.

Dona Cosolacion - wife of Alferez, another woman who passed herself as a Peninsular; best remembered
for her Abussive treatment of Sisa.

Captain General - the most powerful official in the Philippines.

PLOT
Having completed his studied in Europe, Juan Crisostomo Ibarra came back to the Philippines after 7 year
absence. In his honor, Captain Tiago threw a get-together party, which was attended by friars and other
prominent figures. In an unfortunate incident, former curate Father Damaso Betitle and slandered Ibarra. But
Ibarra brushed off the insult and took no offense.
Ibarra went to Maria Clara, his love interest, a beautiful daughter of Captain. Their long-standing love was
clearly manifest in this meeting, and Maria Clara cannot help but reread the letters her sweetheart had
written to her before he went to Europe. Before Ibarra left for San Diego, Lieutenant Guevarra, a Guardia
Civil, revealed to him the incidents preceding the death of his father, Don Rafael Ibarra, a rich Haciendero
of the town.
According to the Lieutinant, Don Rafael was unjustly accused of being a heretic and filibuster. Father
Damaso’s animosity against Ibarra’s father was aggravated by another incident when Don Rafael helped out
on a fight between a tax collector and a student fighting, and the former’s death was blamed on him,
although it was nor deliberate. Suddenly, all of those who thought ill of him surfaced with additional
complaints.
He was imprisoned, and just when the matter was almost settled, he got sick and died in jail. Still not content
with what he had done, father Damaso arranged for Don Rafael’s corpse to be dug up and transferred from
the catholic cemetery to the Chinese cemetery, because he thought in appropriate to allow in heretic such as
Don Rafael to have a catholic burial ground. Unfortunately, it was raining and because of the bothersome
weight of the cadaver, the men in charge of the burial decided to throw the corpse into lake.
Of the burial decided to throw the corpse into lake. Revenge was not in Ibarra’s plans; instead, he carried
thought his father’s plan putting up a school, since he believed that education would pave the way to his
country’s progress. During the inauguration of the school, Ibarra would have been killed in sabotage had
Elias a mysterious man who had warned Ibarra earlier of a plot to assassinate him. Instead, the hired killer
met an unfortunate incident and died. The sequence of events proved to be traumatic for maria Clara who
got seriously ill but was luckily cured by the medicine Ibarra sent to her.
After the inauguration, Ibarra hosted a luncheon during father which father Damaso, uninvited and gate-
crashing the luncheon, Again, insulted him. Ibarra ignored the priest’s Insolence, but when the latter
slandered the memory of his dead father, he was no longer Able to restrain himself at father Damaso,
prepared to stab the latter for his imprudence. As a consequence, Father Damaso excommunicated Ibarra.
Father Damaso took this opportunity to persuade the already-hesitant Father of Maria Clara to forbid his
daughter from marrying Ibarra. The friar wished to marry
A peninsular name Linares who has arrived from Spain. With the help of Captain-general, Ibarra’s
communication was nullified and the archbishop decide to accept him as member of the church once again.

But, as fate would have it, some incident

Of which Ibarra had known nothing about
Was blamed on him, and he was wrongly
Arrested and imprisoned. But he accusation against him was overruled because during the litigation that
followed, nobody could testify that he was indeed involved. Unfortunately, his letter to Maria Clara
somehow got into the hands of the jury and was manipulated such that it then became evidence against him.

Meanwhile, in Captain Tiago’s

Residence, a party was being held to announce the upcoming wedding of Maria Clara and Linares. Ibarra,
with the help of Elias, took this opportunity and escaped from the prison. But before leaving, Ibarra talked to
maria Clara and accused her for betraying him., thinking that she gave the letter to wrote the heir to the jury.
Maria Clara explained to Ibarra that she will never conspire against him but that she was forced to surrender
Ibarra’s letter to her in exchange for the letter written by her mother even before she, Maria Clara, was born.
The child and that she, Maria Clara, was therefore not the daughter of captain Tiago, but of father Damaso.

Afterwards, Ibarra and Elias bounded a boat and left the palace. Elias instructed Ibarra to lie down and the
former covered the latter with grass to conceal the latter’s presence. As luck would have it, they were
spotted by their enemies. Elias’s thought
He could out smart them and jumped into the water. The Guards rain shot on the person in the water, All the
while not knowing that they were aiming at the wrong man.

So, Maria Clara, thinking that Ibarra has been killed in the shooting incident, was greatly overcome with
Grief. Robbed hope and severe disillusion, she asked Father Damaso reluctantly agreed with Maria Clara.
Threatened to her own life, Demanding, ‘’the
Nunnery or Death’’ unbeknown to her, Ibarra is still alive and able to escape. It was Elias who had taken the
shots. It was Christmas Eve when Elias woke up
In the forest, gravely wounded and barely alive. it was in the forest that Elias found Basilio and his lifeless
mother, Sisa.
EL FILIBUSTERISMO
Introduction

Sequel (2 Part of Noli me tangere)

Written in Spanish language
The Reign of Greed
Dedicated to the 3 priests (GOMBURZA)
October 1887 in Calamba
1890 London, United Kingdom
1888(Revised)
March 29 1891 (complete the book)
September 18 1891 Published in GHENT, BELGIUM
Jose alejandrino
(Valentine Ventura) September 1891
44-38 chapters

F. Meyer Loo Press 1891 (Hongkong)

December 30 1896

THE CHARACTERS

Simoun- The continuation of character of crisostomo Ibarra Disguised as a wealthy jeweler, bent on starting
a revolution.

Basilio- sisa’s son and was adopted by kapitan Tiago, boyfriend of juli and an aspiring doctor.

Isagani - Poet and Basilio’s best friend; portrayed as emotional and reactive student leader; Paulita Gómez
Boyfriend before being dumped for fellow student Juanito Pelaez.
kabesang tales - a former cabeza de barangay (Barangay head) who was known as a Luzon bandit
Matanglawin

Don Custodio - a famous “Journalist” who was asked by the students about this decision for the academia
de castellano.

Paulita Gomez - The girlfriend of isagani and the niece of Doña Victorina, the old India who passing (racial
identity) passes herself off as a Peninsulares.

Father florentino - Isagani’s godfather and secular priest.

Juli - Juliana de Dios, The girlfriend of basilio, and the youngest daughter of kabesang tales.

Ben Zayb- Abraham Ibañez is his real name. He is journalist who thought he was the only one thinking in
the Philippines.

Placido Penitente - a student of the university of santo tomas who was very intelligent and wise but did not
want, if not only by his mother’s plea, to pursue his student.
Quiroga - a Chinese businessman who dreamt of being a consul of a ““Consulate of China “in the
Philippines.

Tandang Selo - father of kabesang tales. He raised the sick and young basilio after his priests will give to
the students demands.

Attorney Pasta - one of the great lawyers of mid-Hispanic Manila.

Captain-General (No specific name) - the powerful highest official in the Philippines.

Padre Sibyla- Hernando de la sibyla, a Filipino friar and now vice-vector of the university of santo Tomas.

PLOT
El Filibusterismo

The story in El Filibusterismo revolves around its main Simoun who is an affluent jeweler. Simoun is
actually Crisostomo Ibarra of the noli whom everyone thought had been killed by the Guardia civil at laguna
de bay. He had escaped, fled to Cuba, become wealthy, and made connections with influential as the
governor general, who owes so much to him, consult him in making decisions.
In reality however, everything simoun does is just part of his grand plan to take revenge against the Spanish
officials
And rescue Maria Clara from convent. Planning to a stage a revolution, he smuggles arms and looks for
followers, mainly from the exploited and abusive natives.

One of the recruits is Basilio, the son of sisa, who with Captain Tiago’s help was able to study in manila.
Simoun also makes an alliance with the revolutionary group of kabesang Tales, a’ former cabeza de
barangay ‘who suffered maltreatments from the hands of friar. Using his influence, simoun encourage
corruption, decadence, and more oppressive government policies so that the citizens may become, more
infuriated. However, one night, the planned revolt was carried out because simoun, upon hearing that Maria
Clara died in the nunnery, decided not to give the signal for the outbreak of the uprising.

another plan was made some months later. At the venue of the wedding reception of Juanito Pelaez and
Paulita Gomez, simoun planted many explosives-enough to kill the invited guests, primarily the friars and
government officials. According to the plot, the big explosion shall be started by the gift he would give to
the newlyweds at the reception—a kerosene lamp with an explosive. When the lamp flickers and some turn
to the wick, it will result into a big explosion that will become a signal to the revolutionary troops to
simultaneously attack all the government building in manila.

during the reception, simoun gives his gift to the newlyweds. Before hurriedly leaving the venue, he leaves a
piece of mysterious paper bearing in the message ‘’ YOU WILL DIE TONIGHT’’ signed by crisostromo
Ibarra. Meanwhile, Isagani, the rejected lover of Paulita, is standing outside the reception. His friend basilio
tells him to leave the place the lamp blows up. when father salvi identifies the handwriting in the note and
confirms that it was indeed Ibarra’s, the guests begin to panic. When the lamp flickers, father irene tries to
turn the wick up. But isagani’s, wanting to save Paulita’s life. rushes into the house, grabs the lamp, and
throws it into it into the river where it explosed.

Simoun’s revolutionary plot was discovered and he’s hunted by the Guardia civil. He managed to escape but
was seriously wounded. Carrying his jewelry chest, he finds shelter in the home of Padre Florentino.
Learning of his presence in the house of the priest, the lieutenant of the Guardia civil informs padre
Florentino that he will he come in the evening to arrest simoun.

Simoun then takes poison that he would not be caught alive. As the poison’s effects start to take toll in his
body, he confesses to Florentino his true identity and his plan of revenge through bloody revolution.
After the emotional and agonizing confession of the dying man, the priest absolves the dying man from his
sins, saying; ‘’God will forgive you sen`or simoun’’. He knows that we are fallible. He has seen that you
have suffered…he has frustrated your plans one by one …first the death of Maria, Clara then by lack of
preparation, then in some mysterious way. Let us bow to his will and render him thanks!’’