Marvin Dexter M.

Rizal ‘s
 Jose Rizal’s arrival in Manila on June 26,
Exile
1892 had become very sensational among the
Filipinos. His popularity feared the Spaniards,
and such paid careful attention to his every
move – all houses where he had been were
searched and the Filipinos seen in his
company were suspected.

 As he had planned, on July 3, 1892 he

founded the La Liga Filipina in the house of
Doroteo Ongjunco in Tondo, Manila.

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Rizal ‘s
 Four days after the civic organization’s foundation, Jose
Exile
Rizal was arrested by the Spanish authorities on four
grounds:

1. for publishing anti-Catholic and anti-friar books and

articles;
2. for having in possession, a bundle of handbills, the
Pobres Frailes, in which advocacies were in violation of
the Spanish orders;
3. for dedicating his novel, El Filibusterismo to the three
“traitors” (Gomez, Burgos and Zamora) and for
emphasizing on the novel’s title page that “the only
salvation for the Philippines was separation from the
mother country (referring to Spain)”; and
4. for simply criticizing the religion and aiming for its
exclusion from the Filipino culture.
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Rizal ‘s Exile in
Dapitan
 July 17, 1892 – Rizal, together with his guard Captain
Ricardo Carnicero, arrived in Dapitan.

 Rizal was given the choice to live in the house of the

parish priest, Fr. Antonio Obach or at Carnicero’s house

 He could live in the priest’s quarters only if:

 he publicly retracted his Masonic and antichurch beliefs
 he regularly participates in church rites
 he conducts himself as a good Spanish subject and a man of
religion

 Rizal made him a bust and composed a poem in his honor

A Don Ricardo Carnicero on his birthday on August 26,
1892

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Life in Talisay
 Both men betted on the lottery and won 20,000 pesos
 Lottery Ticket Number: 9736

 He used his money to build an octagonal house made up of

bamboo and nipa in Talisay

 Rizal built a school and accepted students with no tuition

 The other part was used for his eye clinic

 He also built a house for the ladies in his family who were
free to visit him in Dapitan

 Carnicero also wrote a letter to Governor General to allow

his mother and sisters to join him in Dapitan

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Life in Talisay
 May 4, 1893 – Carnicero was replaced by Captain Juan
Sitges

 He did not want living with a deportee

 He assigned Rizal to live in a house near the headquarters

 The Jesuits sent is old professor at the Ateneo, Fr.

Francisco de Paula Sanchez – to entice him back to the
Church

 He helped clean up the plaza of Dapitan and lit it up at

night with coconut oil lamps

 Rizal fell in love with the eighteen-year old Josephine

Bracken

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Life in Talisay
 Rizal and Josephine tried to have themselves married in
Catholic rites but Fr. Obach required that Rizal retract his
beliefs

 Rizal’s relatives and friends looked at Josephine with

suspicion and condescension

 Pablo Mercado – a spy of the friars who posed as Rizal’s

relative (Florencio Namaan – his true name)

 Pio Valenzuela – an emissary of Andres Bonifacio, he was

asking for advice on how to launch a revolution. He offered
to have the Katipunan assist him in escaping from Dapitan

 Rizal objected to the projected revolution, the revolutionaries

must have enough arms and weapons

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The End of the Dapitan Exile
 When Cuba was under revolution and raging yellow fever
epidemic, Rizal wrote to Governor General Ramon Blanco
offering his service as a military doctor.
 Governor General Ramon Blanco – he approved the
request of Rizal on July 1, 1896
 At the midnight of that day, he left aboard the steamer
España
 The townspeople of Dapitan wept because they considered
Rizal as a good son and neighbor
 He stayed in Dapitan for four years, thirteen days and a few
hours.

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 August 6, 1896 – upon arriving in Manila Bay, Rizal was
not able to leave immediately for Spain since the vessel
Isla de Luzon already left

 He was transferred to Spanish cruiser Castilla and stayed

there for a month from August 6 to September 2, 1896

 August 19, 1896 – the Katipunan plot to overthrow the

Spanish rule by means of revolution, it was discovered by
Fr. Mariano Gil after Teodoro Patino’s disclosure of
organization’s secrets

 At that time, Katipunan was already discovered and the

Philippine Revolution was already raging

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 August 26, 1896 – Bonifacio and Katipunan raised the
Cry of Revolution (Sigaw sa Pugadlawin) in the hills of
Balintawak, a few miles North of Manila.
 In the afternoon, Governor General Blanco proclaimed a
state of war in the first eight provinces for rising arms
against Spain
 Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna,
Pampanga, Nueva Ecija and Tarlac
 Rizal received letters from Governor General Blanco
which absolved him from all the blame for the raging
revolution
 He transferred to Isla de Panay which was sailing for
Barcelona, Spain
 Don Pedro Roxas advised Rizal to stay and take
advantage of the protection of British Law
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Arrest and Trial
 September 30 – the Isla de Panay had already sailed past Port Said in
Egypt and was now sailing in the Mediterranean

 A telegraphic message was received ordering that Rizal be placed

under arrest

 Bernardino Nozaleda – Archbishop of Manila who clamored for the

arrest of Rizal who was said to be the spirit of Philippine Revolution

 October 3 – the Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona and Rizal was sent
to a prison-fortress, Montjuich Castle

 Rizal’s interview with Despujol he would be shipped back to Manila

 On the night of the same day, after the interview, Rizal was taken
aboard the Colon which was loaded with Spanish troops sailed for
Manila

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 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez – they exerted all their
efforts to find a lawyer in Singapore who could aid their friend

 Attorney Hugh Fort – an English lawyer in Singapore

 Unfortunately, Chief Justice Lionel, the judge in Singapore

denied the request

 November 3, 1896 – the Colon arrived in Manila Bay and Rizal

was taken to Fort Santiago

 November 20, 1896 – Rizal was brought before a Spanish

military tribunal headed by Colonel Francisco Olive

 Oral testimonies were taken and were used to implicate Rizal in

the Philippine Revolution

 Governor General appointed Captain Rafael Dominquez to

institute charges against Rizal
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 Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade – the lawyer of Jose Rizal and brother of his former bodyguard Jose Taviel de
Andrade

 December 13 – the case was forwarded to Governor General Camilo de Polavieja – replacement of
Governor Blanco

 Rizal’s actual trial began on December 26, 1896 and it was held at the Hall of Banners of the Cuartel de
España in Fort Santiago

 Rizal was charged with three crimes: rebellion, sedition and formation of illegal associations

 In defending himself, Rizal presented twelve arguments

 The court judged Rizal guilty for the charges and voted for the death penalty

 December 28, 1896 – Governor General Polavieja signed Rizal’s death warrant ordering him to be shot at
7:00 o’clock in the morning at Bagumbayan

 Rizal signed it saying that he was innocent

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Rizal’s Final Days
 Rizal was transferred to the prison chapel

 Fr. Miguel Saderra Mata, Rector of the Ateneo Municipal and Fr. Luis Viza

 Fr. Viza brought the image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus

 Fr. Antonio Rosell – he ate breakfast with Rizal

 Lt. Taviel de Andrade – also arrived and Rizal thanked him for his gallant
services

 Fr. Balaguer – he remained with Rizal around noon

 At the three o’clock in the afternoon, Fr. Balaguer returned and tried to persuade
Rizal to retract his Masonic beliefs but Rizal remained firm

 After he left, Rizal’s mother and sisters arrived

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 Rizal gave an alcohol stove to Trinidad which was a gift from Pardo de
Tavera and whispered to her in English “There is something inside”

 He also told her to look inside his shoes after he is executed

 After his family left, Fathers Vilaclara and Balaguer again arrived to
convince Rizal to retract

 By eight in the evening, Fr. Balaguer returned with Fr. Viza and again
talked with Rizal on religious matters. At this point, they were joined by
Fiscal Gaspar Castaño of the Royal Audiencia

 At around 10:00, a draft of retraction arrived from Archbishop

Bernandino Nozaleda

 Another draft of retraction was made by Fr. Pio Pi – the superior of the
Jesuit Mission in the Philippines

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 At 11:30, Rizal signed his retraction from the Freemasonry
and it was witnessed by Juan del Fresno – the Chief of
the guard detail and the Adjutant of the Plaza Elroy Moure

 After signing, Rizal had confession with Fr. Vilaclara and

rested afterwards

 At 5:00 am, Rizal had his last breakfast, autographed his

remaining books which became his last souvenirs

 Fr. Balaguer – he performed the marriage rites of Rizal

and Josephine

 Rizal gave a book to Josephine, Imitacion de Cristo by

Thomas Kempis which he autographed

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 Afterwards, he wrote three farewell letters: to Parents, Dr. Blumentritt and Paciano

 At around 6:30, Rizal was taken from cell and the march to Bagumbayan began

 A colonel took Rizal to the site of his execution

 Rizal had requested the firing squad to spare his head which was granted

 He also requested to be shot at his front, but it was denied

 Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo took Rizal’s pulse and found that it was normal

 The commanding officer ordered his men to aim by means of his saber and there was a
simultaneous crack of gunfire and Jose Rizal made one last effort to drop on his back with
his face facing the sun

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 The Spanish spectators shouted Viva España!

 The military band played Marcha de Cadiz

 Rizal’s body was secretly buried at Paco

Cemetery where later it was traced by his
sister

 The remains of Rizal’s were cleaned in

Higino Mercado’s house in Binondo and
were given to Doña Teodora

 His remains were laid to rest inside the Rizal

monument in Luneta

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THANKS!

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