PRE-ACCREDITATION ENTRY LEVEL

STANDARDS FOR HCO & SHCO

2.1
HOSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL (HIC)

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Summary of Standards

HIC2
Infection control
measures (3)

HIC 1 Hospital HIC3

Infection control infection BMW management
manual (5) control (HIC) (5)

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Intent of HIC

The NABH Hospital Infection Control (HIC) chapter aims at:

▪ Effective infection control programme.
▪ Reducing/eliminating infection risks to patients, visitors and providers of
care.
▪ Measures and action taken to prevent or reduce the risk of Hospital Acquired
Infection.
▪ Action plan to control outbreaks.

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HIC 1: The hospital has an infection control manual,
which is periodically updated and conducts surveillance activities.

HIC 1a: It focuses on adherence to standard precautions at all times.

HIC 1b: Cleanliness and general hygiene of facilities will be maintained and
monitored.
HIC 1c: Cleaning and disinfection practices are defined and monitored as
appropriate.
HIC 1d: Equipment cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation practices are included.
HIC 1e: Laundry and linen management processes are included.

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Standard Precautions

The infection prevention practices that apply to all patients, regardless of

suspected or confirmed infection status, in any setting in which health care is
delivered are called standard precautions.

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Infection Prevention Practices

▪ Hand hygiene.
▪ PPE.
▪ Prevention of needlestick injury and injury
from other sharp items.
▪ Pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis.
▪ Environmental cleaning.
▪ Patient care equipment cleaning.
▪ Linen and laundry management.
▪ Safe disposal of biomedical waste (BMW).

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HIC 2: The hospital takes actions to prevent or
reduce the risks of hospital associated infections (HAI)
in patients and employees.

HIC 2a: Hand hygiene facilities in all patient care areas are accessible to health care
providers.
HIC 2b: Adequate gloves, masks ,soaps and disinfectants are available and used
correctly.
HIC 2c: Appropriate pre and post exposure prophylaxis is provided to all concerned
staff members.

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Hand Hygiene

Cleaning one’s hands to prevent the

spread of infections is called hand
hygiene.

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Techniques of Hand Hygiene

Hand washing – It is done using soap and water when hands are visibly
soiled or when there is an exposure to spore forming pathogens such as
Clostridium difficile.

Hand rubbing – It is done using an alcohol-based hand rub. And, is the

preferred method of hand hygiene, if hands are not visibly soiled.

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Hand Washing Facilities

▪ Wash basins.
▪ Hands-free/elbow tap.
▪ Adequate water and soap.
▪ Facilities for drying hands without
contaminating them.
▪ Hand rub should be available in the
ward or adjacent to each patient’s bed.

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How to perform hand hygiene?
Hand hygiene should be performed using appropriate technique, active ingredient and
for appropriate duration.

https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/infectioncontrol/faq/hand.htm

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When should hand hygiene be done?

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Six Steps of Hand Hygiene

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Hand Rubbing (20-30 seconds)

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Hand Washing (40-60 secs)

Surgical hand antisepsis (2 - 5 mins)

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Hand Hygiene Audit

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Hand Washing Competence Checklist

18
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

All health care professionals should

wear specialised clothing or personal
protective equipment (PPE) to protect
themselves from exposure to blood or
body fluid spills.

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Types of PPE

Surgical/
Eye visor/goggles procedure mask
or face shield

Gown
Gloves

Boots

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Sequence of Wearing PPE
Eye visor/goggles or
4
face shield
3 Surgical/ procedure mask
Gloves 5

2 Gown

Boots 1

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Sequence of Removing PPE
Eye visor/goggles or face
shield 2
4 Surgical/ procedure mask

Gloves 1

3 Gown

Boots 5

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Prevention of Needlestick Injury

Health care professionals should be careful

and prevent needle stick injury while:
▪ Handling needles, scalpels and other sharp
instruments or devices.
▪ Cleaning sharp instruments.
▪ Disposing used needles and other sharp
instruments.

Note: Avoid recapping needles. If recapping is done, one-handed technique should

be used.

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Pre-exposure Prophylaxis

Staff: Provide vaccination for Hepatitis B.

For new staff who are already vaccinated:
Records should be available, if not titers
should be checked.

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Post-exposure Prophylaxis(PEP)

▪ A designated person: Administer

PEP.
▪ Document exposure.
▪ Perform root cause analysis.
▪ Provide training on wearing PPE and
safe injection practices.

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Environmental Cleaning

All health care professionals should

adopt adequate procedures for routine
cleaning of the different areas of the
hospital and frequently touched
surfaces.

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Method of Cleaning

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Direction of Cleaning

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Cleaning of OT

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Figure of 8 Stroke Technique for Mopping

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Cleaning Checklist
Schedule
Work 7.30 am 1.00 pm 7.30 pm

Brush the floor

Mop the floor
Dusting
Toilet wash
Wash basin cleaned
Liquid soap refill
Wall tiles cleaned
Lights and fans cleaned
Doors cleaned
Windows cleaned
Waste collected
Waste bins cleaned
Name of cleaning / Housekeeping staff
Signature of ward nurse
Sign of administrator

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Cleaning Patient Care Equipment

All patient care equipment should be

cleaned and then based on the degree
of risk involved, each equipment should
be either disinfected/ sterilised before
reuse.

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Frequency of Cleaning

Routine cleaning is done based on the

following criterion:
▪ Type of surface:
▪ High touch surface.
▪ Low touch surface.
▪ Risk of infection associated with the
area.
▪ Patient's vulnerability.

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Cleaning High Touch Surface

High touch surfaces in a hospital are

surfaces that are in frequent contact with
the hands.
These surfaces should be cleaned and
disinfected daily.
For example: Doorknobs, bedrails and
elevator buttons.

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Cleaning Low Touch Surface

Low touch surfaces in a hospital are

surfaces that are in minimal hand contact.
These surfaces should be cleaned
regularly(but not necessarily daily)and
when a patient gets discharged.
For example: Floors and walls.

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Spill Management Kit

The spill management kit should contain the following items:

▪ Old newspapers.
▪ Yellow bio hazard bag.
▪ All PPE (Cap, goggles, face mask, gloves, boots).
▪ Chlorine tablet.
▪ Measuring cup.
▪ Tongs.
▪ Scoop and brush.

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Handling Blood and Body Fluid Spillage

Before handling blood and body fluid

spillage, a housekeeping staff should
wear appropriate PPE.

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Spill Management on Non-porous Surface

If the surface is nonporous, then it should

be decontaminated with 1% sodium
hypochlorite solution.

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Handling Large Spill

The steps involved in handling large spills of concentrated infectious agents in the
laboratory are:
1. The contaminated area should be confined.
2. The area should be flooded with a liquid chemical germicide before cleaning.
3. The area should be decontaminated with fresh germicidal chemical of at least
intermediate-level disinfectant potency.

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Safety Measures

Appropriate warning signs such as

“Caution: Wet floor” should be placed to
notify people walking in the area that the
area might be slippery. The warning sign
should remain on the surface until the
surface is dry.
All housekeeping staff should wear
appropriate PPE while performing house
keeping activities.

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Rodents and Pest Control

Hospital should adhere to rodents and

pest control standards in both clinical
and non-clinical areas of the hospital.
Hospital should ensure that
appropriate pest control contract is in
operation and that the designated
person must be informed about
sightings of rodents and/or other
pests.

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Disinfection

Disinfection is a process where most

microbes except bacterial endospores are
removed from a defined object or
surface.
Based on its utility, the type of
disinfectant solution, its concentration
and frequency of use for different
environmental areas and instruments or
materials should be determined.

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How to select a disinfection agent?

A disinfection agent should be selected

based on the following criterion:
• Intended use and appropriateness.
• Degree of disinfection required.
• Spaulding’s classification.
• Safety.
• Turn-around-time (TAT).

Note: Disinfection will be dealt in detail in one of the sessions on

HIC standard 1d- Sterilisation and disinfection.

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CSSD

👍 Do’s 👎 Don’ts
▪ Clean areas. ▪ Stack instruments in the
▪ Restricted entry washers.
▪ Unidirectional flow.
▪ Use appropriate quality
indicators.
▪ Store sterilised items in clean
areas.

Note: Ascertain shelf life of sterilised items and maintain accordingly.

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Sorting and Transporting Linen

From laundering point of view, hospital linen can be classified into following categories:

Infected linen
Dirty linen Soiled linen Linen used by a patient
Used linen without any Linen soiled with blood with a known infection
stains. and body fluids. nevertheless soiled or
not.

Note: Linen is categorised as wet (soiled and infected) and dry linen.

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Documentation

Apex manual CSSD registers

▪ Standard precautions. ▪ Details of the
▪ House keeping sterilised items(Batch,
protocols. Registers/cleaning load, name of the
▪ Cleaning, disinfection checklist items, expiry date and
and sterilisation ▪ Cleaning process. the QC records).
protocols. ▪ Dispatch,
▪ Linen and laundry condemnation and
management. QC.

Note: Supervisors should regularly check the cleaning process. Records of pest
control should be maintained.

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HIC 3: Bio-medical waste (BMW) management
practices are followed.
HIC 3a: The hospital is authorised by prescribed authority for the management and
handling of bio-medical waste.
HIC 3b: Proper segregation and collection of bio-medical waste from all patient care
areas of the hospital is implemented and monitored.
HIC 3c: Bio-medical waste treatment facility is managed as per statutory provisions
(if in-house) or outsourced to authorised contractor(s).
HIC 3d: Requisite fees, documents and reports are submitted to competent
authorities on stipulated dates.
HIC 3e: Appropriate personal protective measures are used by all categories of staff
handling bio-medical waste.

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Safe Disposal of Bio-medical Waste (BMW)

▪ Ensure safe segregation and waste

disposal.
▪ Waste contaminated with blood, body
fluids, secretions, excretions, human
tissues and laboratory waste should be
considered as biomedical waste and
handled in accordance with local
regulations.
▪ Discard single use consumables
properly.

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Steps Involved in BMW Management

Generation Segregation

▪ Display posters near ▪ Staff generating waste:

bins. Segregate waste into
▪ Discard BMW into individual bags, mark and bar
appropriate colour- code the bags.
coded bins. ▪ Infection control nurse:
▪ Staffs generating waste Monitor the process.
are responsible for ▪ Take corrective actions, if need
segregating at source. be.

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Steps Involved in BMW Management

Temporary storage area Transport

▪ Demarcate area for storing ▪ Send waste to treatment

BMW. facility within 48 hours.
▪ Transport BMW to storage ▪ Transport in safe manner.
area in a closed container. ▪ Use proper vehicles.
▪ Ensure area is clean and ▪ Weigh BMW colour wise and
protected . record measurement.
▪ Ensure availability of hand ▪ Document time of collection
washing facilities and trolley and quantity of waste.
wash areas.

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Segregation of BMW – Colour Coding (2018)

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Monitoring Biomedical Waste Management
Audit Form

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Monitoring Biomedical Waste Management
Audit Form

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Points to Remember: Hospital
▪ Obtain license for generating waste.
▪ Have MOU with outsourced collection
agency.
▪ Submit Form IV (annual report) to PCB.
(every June 30th)
▪ Initiate renewal of authorisation three
months prior to expiry of the license.
▪ Submit accident/incident report to PCB.

Note: The outsourced collection agency and in-house waste treatment facility should
have appropriate license. Once in six months, appropriate hospital personnel should
conduct site visits of the outsourced agency and document their findings.

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Points to Remember: Staff

▪ Wear PPE.
▪ Ensure availability of hand washing
facilities.
▪ Be familiar with hazards that might
occur during biomedical waste
management.
▪ Be familiar with proper use of PPEs.
▪ Segregate BMW appropriately.

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Any Questions

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Thank You!