Thesis Final Pages Edited

UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY

DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT

TRAVEL MOTIVATORS AND CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY

PEOPLE WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES TOWARDS ACCESSIBLE
TOURISM: BASIS FOR A TRAVEL GUIDEBOOK
A Research Paper Presented to the faculty of
College of Business and Accountancy
University of Caloocan City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management
By:
Alvarez, John Kyle
Ganituen, Louise Nicole A.
Gaspar, Justine Rose P.
Lim, Allyanna Nicole R.
Pio Roda, Jhoanne Rheinalene C.
Ramos, Eiji H.
Sambilay, Nicolite C.
Viray, Darr Jenryll G.
Yambot, Rizza Joy M.
Yu, Mark Lui S.
2023
UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY II
RECOMMENDATION FOR FINAL EXAMINATION
This is to certify that this research study titled “TRAVEL MOTIVATORS

AND CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY PEOPLE WITH PHYSICAL
DISABILITIES TOWARDS ACCESIBLE TOURISM: BASIS FOR A TRAVEL
GUIDEBOOK” prepared and submitted by JOHN KYLE ALVAREZ, LOUISE
NICOLE A. GANITUEN, JUSTINE ROSE P. GASPAR, ALLYANNA NICOLE
R. LIM, JHOANNE RHEINALENE C. PIO RODA, EIJI H. RAMOS, NICOLITE
C. SAMBILAY, DARR JENRYLL G. VIRAY, RIZZA JOY M. YAMBOT and
MARK LUI S. YU, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management has been examined and hereby
recommended for oral Examination.
Dr. ELOISA P. MACKAY

Research Professor
DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT III
APPROVAL SHEET
This is to certify that this research study titled “TRAVEL MOTIVATORS AND
CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY PEOPLE WITH PHYSICAL
DISABILITIES TOWARDS ACCESIBLE TOURISM: BASIS FOR A TRAVEL
GUIDEBOOK” prepared and submitted by JOHN KYLE ALVAREZ, LOUISE
NICOLE A. GANITUEN, JUSTINE ROSE P. GASPAR, ALLYANNA NICOLE
R. LIM, JHOANNE RHEINALENE C. PIO RODA, EIJI H. RAMOS, NICOLITE
C. SAMBILAY, DARR JENRYLL G. VIRAY, RIZZA JOY M. YAMBOT and
MARK LUI S. YU, has been approved by the committee on Final Examination
with a grade of __________ on ____________, 2023
Dr. Ruel S. Bunag Dr. Janette Aguilar

Member Member
Dr. Ruiz Sagutin Marian

Chairman
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science

in Tourism Management.The candidate successfully passed the pre-oral
examination.
Dr. Eloisa P. Mackay

Research Professor
DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT IV
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
We hereby certify that this research paper is our own work and to the best of
our knowledge. It does not contain any material previously published or written
by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been
accepted for the award of any degree or diploma in the University of Caloocan
City and other educational institutions, except where due acknowledgment is
made in the research paper. Any contribution made to the research by others,
with whom We have worked at the University of Caloocan City or elsewhere,
is explicitly acknowledged in the research paper.
Alvarez, John Kyle
Ganituen, Louise Nicole A.
Gaspar, Justine Rose P.
Lim, Allyanna Nicole R.
Pio Roda, Jhoanne Rheinalene C.
Ramos, Eiji H.
Sambilay, Nicolite C.
Viray, Darr Jenryll G.
Yambot, Rizza Joy M.
Yu, Mark Lui S.
Date: __________________
Attested by:
Dr. Eloisa P. Mackay
Research Professor
UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY V
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praises and thanks to the Almighty God, the Almighty for
His showers of blessings throughout our research work to complete the research
successfully. We would also like to thank our Caloocan City Mayor Dale Gonzalo
Malapitan forgiving us the opportunity to study and be educated at the University of
Caloocan City. We would also like to express our sincere thank you to our professor
in Research, Dr. Eloisa P. Mackay for guiding and helping us throughout the research
work. To the panelists who help us to check and examined our research paper to
makeit right.
We would like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to the professors who
helped us validate our survey questionnaires, Prof. Oral Robert Roxas, Prof. Mitzi
Mitra, Prof. Cedric Cababahay, and Dr. Ruel Serrano Bunag. To the person who
assisted us in PWD Organization in Navotas. To Ms. Cora Manganaan of the Red
Cross for assisting us to find an organization for PWD. To our family and beloved
ones who always got our back, we are thankful they are always there to support us.
Last but not least, I want to thank ourselves for believing in ourselves, “We want to
thank ourselves for doing all this hard work, we want to thank ourselves for having no
days off, we want to thank ourselves for never quitting, we want to thank ourselves
for always being a giver and trying to give more than we receive. We want to thank
ourselves for trying to do more right than wrong, we want to thank ourselves for just
being ourselves at all times. (Snoop Dogg, 2018)

UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY VI
ABSTRACT
Title : TRAVEL MOTIVATORS AND CHALLENGES
ENCOUNTERED BY THE PEOPLE WITH PHYSICAL
DISABILITIES TOWARDS ACCESSIBLE TOURISM: BASIS
FOR A TRAVEL GUIDEBOOK
Researchers: JOHN KYLE ALVAREZ, LOUISE NICOLE A. GANITUEN,
JUSTIN ROSE P. GASPAR, ALLYANNA NICOLE R. LIM.
JHOANNE RHEINALENE C. PIO RODA, EIJI H. RAMOS,
NICOLITE C. SAMBILAY, DARR JENRYLL G. VIRAY. RIZZA
JOY M. YAMBOT, MARK LUI S. YU
Degree : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT
Professor : DR. ELOISA P. MACKAY
School : UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY
YEAR : 2023
Accessible tourism, also known as inclusive tourism or disability tourism,
refers to the practice of ensuring that travel destinations, products, and services
are accessible to people with disabilities and other mobility impairments.
Accessible tourism involves creating an environment that can be enjoyed by all
people, regardless of their physical or sensory abilities. This includes making
public spaces, transportation systems, accommodations, and attractions more
accessible and user-friendly.

UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY VII
Some examples of accessible tourism initiatives include the installation of
wheelchair ramps and lifts, the provision of audio and visual aids, the use of
braille and tactile signage, and the training of staff in disability awareness and
customer service. Accessible tourism not only benefits people with disabilities
but also promotes social inclusion and helps to create a more diverse and
tolerant society. It also represents a significant market opportunity for the
tourism industry, as people with disabilities and their families represent a large
and growing segment of the travel market. In this study, we tackled the Travel
motivators and Challenges Encountered by People with Physical Disabilities
Towards Accessible Tourism.
This study helped the People with Physical Disabilities and also the
future researchers for them to know or to understand more, what is Motivators
and Challenges Encountered by People with Physical Disabilities Towards
Accessible Tourism about and the benefits and drawbacksthat they encounter
or gain if they choose this research. Our target participants are the Person with
Physical Disabilities in CAMAVA. The Instrument that we use is the survey
method by giving them a short one-on-one interview using pen and with
provided paper that has a questionnaire translated into both English and
Filipino neededto answer in their own word, so that they can express it.
UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY VIII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARIES
Title page
Recommendation For Final Examination……………………………II
Approval Sheet………………………………………………………...III
Certificate of Originality……………………………………………….IV
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………..V
Abstract…………………………………………………………………VI
Table of Contents……………………………………………………..VIII
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction ……………………………………………………………...1
Background of Study ……………………………………………………4
Statement of the Problem.………………………………….….……….8
Significance of the Study...………………………………………………9
Scope and Delimitation…………………………………………………10
Definition of Terms …………………………………………….……….11
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Person with disabilities……………………………………………….16
Accessibility……………………………………………………………19
Pwd Discrimination…………………………………………………....24
Transportation………………………………………………………….25
Travel Motivators………………………………………………………26
Disability…………………………………………………………….…..29
Discrimination About Pwd……………………………………….…….34
Barriers…………………………………………………………….……38
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES
Research Design……………………………………………..…43
Research Locale……………………………..………………....43
Population and Sampling……………………………………....44
Research Instrument………………………………………………..45
Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………..45
Statistical Treatment of Data………………………………………..45
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATIONS, ANAYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Demographic of The Respondents…………………………………48

Nature of Disability………………………………………………50
Decision Making…………………………………………………51
Assistance when Travelling……………………………………..51
Companion………………………………………………………..52
Assistive Device/Equipment…………………………………….52
Travel Motivators…………………………………………………53
Challenges Encountered………………………………………..54
Challenge Frequency Experienced by the Respondents……55

Travel Guidebook………………………………………………………39
Theoretical Paradigm………………………………………………….40
Conceptual Paradigm………………………………………………….41
CHAPTER V: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings………………………………………………58
Conclusion………………………………………………………….62
Recommendation……………………………………………….….64
Bibliography…………………………………………………………68
APPENDIX
A. Request Letter…………………………………………74
B. Survey Questioner…………………………………….75
C. Travel Guidebook…………….…………………….….80
D. Curriculum Vitae……………………………………….85
UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY 1
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter includes the introduction, Background of the Study,
Statement of the Problem, Significance of the Study, Scope and Delimitation,
and Definition of Terms.
Introduction
The movement for civil rights for people with disabilities promotes equal
access to social, political, and economic life, which includes not only physical
access but also access to the same tools and services that can help physical
access. Accessible tourism is gaining traction in a variety of tourism-related
areas and activities. Inclusion, disability, the aging population, and tourism are
all becoming increasingly important areas of research due to their implications
for both tourism demand and supply. Tourists with disabilities have a variety
of motivations, desired experiences, and support needs in the tourism industry.
Because people with disabilities cannot always rely on accessible conditions,
the majority of them must plan their new routes ahead of time.
Disability is widespread across the world. It is often assumed that 15%
of the global population, or 1 billion individuals, are disabled. When family

members and caregivers of persons with intellectual impairments are included,
the number of people directly or indirectly impacted by disability climbs to 30%
of the world population, or 2 billion people.
Accessibility is a relevant tourism concern. In its broadest definition,
accessibility assures the development of goods, services, and surroundings
that are usable and beneficial to everyone. Universal design principles, in
particular, enable usage by individuals with impairments without the need for
adjustment. It is critical to explore how disability and tourism fit into the larger
sustainability agenda, as well as the importance of accessibility and inclusion
in tourism. People with disabilities have historically been excluded and socially
marginalized, and they lack power and voice. They have encountered and
continue to confront difficulties to full and effective engagement and inclusion
in the community and cultural life, whether in the arts, sports, or recreation.
According to P. Benckendorf, (2015) Attractions are a core component
of tourism. They are often called “tourist attractions” because they tend to
attract tourists. Attractions are the places, people, events, and things that
make up the objects of the tourist gaze and attract tourists to destinations.
Common examples include natural and cultural sites, historical places,
monuments, zoos and game reserves, aquaria, museums and art galleries,
gardens, architectural structures, theme parks, sports facilities, festivals and
events, wildlife, and people. The history of attractions is inextricably linked with
DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT 3
the development of the tourism industry. An attraction exists when a tourism
system is created to designate and elevate it to the status of an attractions.
Sectors such as transport, accommodation, and travel retail exist as part of
this system because they support the desire for tourists to see attractions.
Transportation is one of the biggest barriers that people with disabilities
face. Public transportation, the environment, the streetscape, accommodations,
attractions, day-trip availability, and customer service attitudes all play vital
roles in individuals with disabilities' tourist experiences. People with disabilities
have historically been underestimated and mistreated in many sectors of
tourism sectors. Tourism has never been responsive to discrimination against
individuals with disabilities.
The researchers chose to conduct this study to know what are the
motivations of people with physical disabilities to travel despite of their physical
condition and the nature of their mobility. The researcher aimed to promote
accessible tourism and address the issues and challenges encountered by
people with physical disabilities. The researchers wanted to spread awareness
and disregard the common misconceptions and stereotypes about people with
physical disabilities. Promoting Accessible Tourism can encourage and bring
impact effects on the tourism industry. By providing services and facilities that
people with physical disabilities need so that they can now participate in and
experience various tourism activities and visit tourist attractions.

Background of the Study
Creating a barrier-free travel experience for Persons with Disabilities
(PWDs) in the Philippines was the focal point of the of the Association of
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-Japan Accessible Tourism Seminar hosted
recently by the Department of Tourism (DOT), together with the ASEAN-Japan
Centre and the National Council on Disability. They observed that hospitality
services for Persons with Disabilities are often overlooked by establishments
causing hindrances during travel because of limited facilities - from sidewalks,
ramps, wheelchair-lifts for cars, to bathrooms, and toilets, including audio and
visual guides.
The Comprehensive Program for Persons with Disabilities aims to
promote services to all types of Persons with Disabilities 0-59 years of age
and are members of the Self-Help Groups of PWDs. The program focuses on
areas of disability prevention, rehabilitation and equalization of opportunities.
Moreover, it is intended to enhance Persons with Disabilities capacity to attain
a more meaningful, productive and satisfying way of life and ultimately become
self-reliant, productive and contributing members of society.
According to The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) recognizes
persons with disabilities which is defined by United Nations Convention on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) as those having “long-term

physical, mental, intellectual of sensory impairments which in interaction with
various barriers may hinder their full and effective participation in society on
an equal basis with others”, as consumers with rights and privileges and as
entrepreneurs with potentials to contribute to economic growth.
As consumers, Filipino Persons with Disabilities are accorded rights,
benefits and privileges under Republic Act 7277 otherwise known as the
Magna Carta for Persons with Disabilities as amended by RA 9442 and RA
10754 in 2007 and 2016, respectively. They are likewise entrepreneurs who
with their skills and creativeness have the potential to drive economic growth.
However, owing to their non-inclusive environment, persons with disabilities
continue to face social barriers and various challenges, which prevent their full
integration into the mainstream of society.
Based on the definition stated in the Disability Discrimination Act 1995,
‘disabled person’ is someone who “has a physical or mental impairment which
has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on his/her ability to carry out
normal day-to-day activities’. Disability means that person may have physical,
cognitive/mental, sensory, emotional, developmental impairment or some
combination of these.
According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the National Capital
Region is the second largest region with Persons with Disabilities a total of
167,000 populations.
Accessible Tourism for all aims to eradicate these barriers to ensure. that
everyone enjoys tourism activities without difficulties. The United Nations
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) defines Accessible Tourism as the
adaptation of environments, tourism products, and services that is accessible,
useful and enjoyable to all users under the principles of Universal Design.
However, according to reports, only 9.2% of the overall supply of tourism
services is considered accessible to all users. Accessibility, though mostly
associated with the Persons with Disabilities, concerns everyone. It is a right
supported by various legislations locally and internationally (Mackay, 2019).
The slow adaptation of hospitality infrastructures to accessible tourism
(Capitaine, 2016; Agovino., 2017) and the different stages of competitiveness
of the countries mentioned in the Tourism Accessibility Index (Porto, 2019)
increase the risks of disabled tourists encountering inappropriate facilities for
their personal health conditions (McKercher and Darcy, 2018). In fact, the low
participation of disabled people in travel experiences is connected to the
perceived lack of accessibility, which strongly influences their motivation to
travel (Cole, 2019).
There are a number of important legislative declarations on the issue of
people with disabilities (PWD) and tourism. The first is the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights adopted in 1948. It states that all human beings
are born free and are equal in dignity and rights. Moreover, everyone is entitled
to all the rights and freedoms set forth in that declaration, without distinction of
any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion,
national or social origin, property, birth or other status (article 2). It is also
declared that everyone has the right to freedom of movement (article 13) and
the right to rest and leisure (article 24) (United Nations, 1948).
The second is the Manila Declaration on World Tourism in 1980. It
declares that the ultimate aim of tourism is to improve the quality of life and
the creation of better living conditions for all peoples (World Tourism
Organization, 1980). Despite having all these legal support for Persons with
Disabilities in the tourism industry the market still fails to fully supply or cater
for their needs and concerns with regard to tour guiding.
Policy making for the benefit of persons with disability (PWD) has been
in the Philippines for decades already. It dates as far back as 1954 when
Republic Act (RA) Number 1179 was enacted. RA 1179 was stipulated to
promote vocational rehabilitation of the blind and other handicapped persons
and their return to civil employment.
It is a declared policy of Republic Act No. 7277 that Persons with
Disabilities (PWDs) are part of the Philippine society, and thus the State shall
give full support to the improvement of their total well-being and their
integration into the mainstream of society. They have the same rights as other
people to take their proper place in society. Also, it says “At least 20% discount
in public railways, skyways and bus fare for the exclusive use or enjoyment of
Persons with Disabilities.” Further, Republic Act No. 10070 was approved on
April 6, 2010 to ensure that policies, programs and services for persons with
disabilities are implemented at the local level for them to fully participate in
building an inclusive society for all through the establishment of Persons with
Disabilities Affairs Office (PDAO) or the appointment of focal person/s in case
of the fourth (4th), fifth (5th) and sixth (6th) class municipalities, in lieu of the
creation of PDAO. (Guidelines for the establishment of persons with disabilities
affairs office (PDAO) and the conduct of the persons with disabilities general
assembly).
Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to identify the travel patterns and challenges of persons
with physical disabilities as a basis for creating a travel guidebook. It
specifically aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What is the Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Name & Gender
1.2 Age
1.3 Locality
2. Nature of Disability
3. Who makes the most of your decision related to travelling?

4. Do you need an assistance when travelling?
5. Do you travel with companion?
6. What assistive device/equipment do you use?
7. What are the travel motivators of the respondents?
8. What are the challenges encountered by the respondents when they
travel?
9. How often the respondents experience the various challenges and
barriers while travelling?
10. Based from the findings of the study, what PWD travel guide may be
proposed?
Significance of the Study
This research used identify the travel motivators of the Person with
Disabilities despite of their physical conditions.
Through this research, the community further realize that there is
accessible tourism that they could access and were designed to still provide
services.
This study is beneficial to the sectors below:

Person with Disabilities. This study can inspire the Person with
Disabilities to travel and experience the tourism despite of their physical
conditions.
Tourism Industry. This study assists the Tourism Industry for identifying
the factors that motivates the movement of people with disabilities.
Tourist. This study provides useful information about the services and
accessible tourism that they might consider when traveling with their
companion that has a physical condition.
Architects and Engineers. This study provides essential information
when building an establishment so that it accessible for the people with
disabilities.
Future Researchers. This study can be used as a reference material for
the future researchers who wanted to investigate related topics.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The focus of this study are the travel motivators and the challenges for
the people living with physical disabilities. This research aimed to provide travel
motivators for the person with physical disabilities with the purpose to
encourage them to travel at ease.
This study is limited to the People with Physical Disabilities in the
Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas and Valenzuela (CAMANAVA). Furthermore, the

North Bay Boulevard South NBBS-Association of PWD, INC., has an office
situated in Barangay North Bay Boulevard, Navotas City. This organizations
are responsible in disseminating relevant information on disability. Therefore,
the specified respondents for this study were recommended by the NBBS-
Association of PWD, INC.
The research instrument that used in collecting data is a survey form
that has been disseminated to 30 respondents with Physical Disability located
in Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas and Valenzuela (CAMANAVA).
Definition of Terms
Accessible Tourism - Accessible tourism is about making it easy for
everyone to enjoy tourism experiences.
Alliance of PWD in Caloocan City Inc. – A Non-profit organization situated
in Caloocan City that assists, and also registers the PWD residents of
Caloocan City.
Architectural Barriers - Physical features that limit or prevent people with
disabilities from obtaining the goods or services that are offered.
Attitude Barriers - Behaviors, perceptions, and assumptions that discriminate
against persons with disabilities. These barriers often emerge from a lack
of understanding, which can lead people to ignore, to judge, or have
misconceptions about a person with a disability.

Barriers - A circumstance or obstacle that keeps people or things apart or
prevents communication or progress.
Communication Barriers - Something that prevents us from correctly getting
and accepting the messages others use to communicate their information,
thoughts and ideas. Some of the examples of communication barriers are
information overload, choosy perceptions, workplace gossips, semantics,
gender differences, etc.
Developmental Impairment - Are a group of conditions due to an impairment
in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas. These conditions begin
during the developmental period, may impact day-to-day functioning, and
usually last throughout a person's lifetime.
Ecological Barriers - Deterioration driven by human activities. The ecological
barrier blocks the three main viral transmission routes (wild intermediate hosts,
breeding animal hosts, and environmental media) from natural hosts to human
society.
Information Barriers - Established organizational arrangements which are
designed to prevent the flow of information between separate departments.
They are used by legal practices to rebut the presumption of imputed
knowledge.
Legal Barriers - A barrier is something such as a rule, law, or policy that
makes it difficult or impossible for something to happen or be achieved.
Magna Carta - the first document to put into writing the principle that the king
and his government was not above the law.
National Archive of the Philippines - Preserves the primary sources of
information on Philippine history, the basic components of cultural heritage
and collective memory.
Philippine Statistics Authority - The PSA shall plan, develop, prescribe,
disseminate and enforce policies, rules and regulations and coordinate
government-wide programs governing the production of official statistics,
general-purpose statistics, and civil registration services.
Physical Disability - Physical disability indicates any physical limitations or
disabilities that inhibit the physical function of one or more limbs of a certain
person. It can be temporary or permanent. The causes of this kind of disease
are various.
Socially Marginalized - refers to the relegation to the fringes of society due
to a lack of access to rights, resources, and opportunities.
Transportation Barrier - Often cited as barriers to healthcare access.
Transportation barriers lead to rescheduled or missed appointments, delayed

care, and missed or delayed medication use. These consequences may lead
to poorer management of chronic illness and thus poorer health outcomes.
Travel Guide - A book of information about a place designed for the use of
visitors or tourists.
Travel Motivators - Motivator’s business or pleasure Travel motivators.
Travel motivator: a reason why someone decides to travel. People travel to
meet certain needs or desires.
Travel Destination - The place to which someone or something is going or
being sent.
Tourism - Activities of people traveling to and staying in places outside their
usual environment for leisure, business or other purposes for not more than
one consecutive year.
Tourism Accessibility Index – enables all people to participate in and enjoy
tourism experiences. More people have access needs, whether or not related
to a physical condition.
Universal Design - is the design and composition of an environment so that
it can be accessed, understood, and used to the greatest extent possible by
all people regardless of their age, size, ability or disability

World Health Organization - sets standards for disease control, health care,
and medicines; conducts education and research programs; and publishes
scientific papers and reports.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the related literatures and studies pertaining to
people with disabilities specifically, acquired disabilities. The researchers
further want to know about the challenges, as finding the information on
accessible services and the experiences of these people such as, how they
managed to overcome their situation despite of their condition. This chapter
also consists of the conceptual paradigm for this study along with the theoretical
background that explains and support the concept of the study.
Persons with Disabilities
According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) international
classification, disability has 3 dimensions: Impairment in a person’s body
structure or function, or mental functioning; examples of impairments include
loss of a limb, loss of vision, or memory loss. Activity limitation, such as difficulty
seeing, hearing, walking, or problem solving. Participation restrictions in normal
daily activities, such as working, engaging in social and recreational activities,
and obtaining health care and preventive services.
As claimed by the AAPD or American Association of People with
Disabilities (2020) Disabilities can occur at birth but in some cases, disability is
acquired later in life. Disability is a term used to describe a variety of conditions,
including physical deformities of the upper and lower limbs, problems with
manual dexterity, an inability to coordinate body organs, and others. Age, a viral
infection like polio, a congenital disorder, paralysis, or amputation may all
contribute to a handicap. Speaking and hearing difficulties are some other
problems. Deafness, which is the broad term for hearing impairment, affects
both partially and completely deaf people in this category. The ability to speak
is a problem for many people, and some people are silent and considered to be
speechless. Speech impaired individuals may stutter and stammer when
speaking, while others may have vocal issues. People with disabilities face all
forms of discrimination and exclusion from the social, cultural, political, and
economic life of their communities.
In many contexts, people with disabilities are more likely to experience
poverty, yet are often not appropriately considered or included in development
programs. There is growing recognition of the need for disability-disaggregated
data to increase understanding of the prevalence of disability and, equally
importantly from a development programming perspective, to support the
design, implementation, and monitoring of effective, inclusive development
programs.
The term persons with disabilities is used to apply to all persons with
disabilities including those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or
sensory impairments which, in interaction with various attitudinal and

environmental barriers, hinders their full and effective participation in society on
an equal basis with others. However, this minimum list of persons who may
claim protection under the Convention does not exhaust the categories of the
disabilities which fall within the it nor intend to undermine or stand in the way of
wider definition of disabilities under national law (such as persons with short
term disabilities). It is also important to note that a person with disabilities may
be regarded as a person with a disability in one society or setting, but not in
another,
depending on the role that the person is assumed to take in his or her
community.
The perception and reality of disability also depend on the technologies,
assistance and services available, as well as on cultural considerations. The
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) presents this final report on the 2016
National Disability Prevalence Survey/Model Functioning Survey (NDPS/MFS
2016). NDPS/MFS 2016 was implemented in consonance with the United
Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) and
adopts the Model Disability Survey (MDS) which was grounded in the
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). It defines
disability as the outcome of the interaction between a person’s health related
status and the physical, human-built, attitudinal and socio-political environment
in which the person lives. Therefore, disability is regarded as multi-dimensional
and interactive.
Republic Act 7277 (RA 7277). The Magna Carta for Disabled Persons
was passed into law in 992. It specifically defines PWDs as persons suffering
from restrictions from different abilities as a result of mental, physical, and
sensory impairment, to perform an activity in the manner or within the range
considered normal for a human being (Mackay, 2019).
Accessibility
As mentioned by Bengzon (2016) "The Philippines has always been very
supportive and now more than ever vigilant in its promotion of the principles of
'Tourism for All,' promoting universal accessibility."
Creating a barrier-free travel experience for persons with disabilities
(PWD) in the Philippines was the focal point of the of the Association of
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Japan Accessible Tourism Seminar hosted
recently by the Department of Tourism (DOT), together with the ASEAN
Seminar participants observed that hospitality services for PWD are often
overlooked by establishments causing hindrances during travel because of
limited facilities from sidewalks, ramps, wheelchair, lifts for cars, bathrooms,
and toilets, including audio and visual guides. In response to the issues, ASEAN
member states have started creating facilities and identifying infrastructures to
be developed in order to provide better accessibility and reduce barriers for
PWD. Japan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines presented
technological and infrastructure advances, and barrier-free tour products
specifically designed for wheelchair-users, and visually and hearing-impaired

travelers, as well as the areas of improvement in the said aspects. Among the
identified areas of focus in providing accessibility to PWD are transportation,
lodging, and architecture, as well as communication aides. Raising awareness
on PWD challenges and advocating for their inclusion in travel destinations are
the premier goals of accessible tourism said personnel training for
establishments and development of programs in consultation with the PWD
communities were also promoted in order to eradicate discrimination towards
PWD and level their inclusion in travel privileges with the rest of the population.
As specified by the United Nation World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
that accessibility is a key area of UNWTO’s work in sustainable tourism
development and recommends the idea of “Accessible Tourism for All”. It
declares that the benefits of tourism participation can help the economic growth
and prosperity of destination societies. The facilitation of tourist travel for people
with disabilities is a vital element in sustainable tourism development policy. It
emphasizes the need of providing clear information on accessible tourism
facilities, the availability of support services in destinations for people with
disabilities, and the training of employees on the special needs of these
individuals.
Accessibility standards and recommendations guiding the recovery
UNWTO held a webinar on 9 December 2021, in partnership with the ONCE
Foundation, UNE Spain and ENAT, to shed light on the new normative
instruments and recommendations on accessible tourism. The industry’s

leaders called upon tourism stakeholders to implement their own accessibility
agenda, in order to grasp all its benefits and make everyone feel welcomed.
Every customer counts now, in the recovery process. Reopening tourism for
travelers with disabilities, how to provide safety without imposing unnecessary
obstacles. In partnership with the ONCE Foundation of Spain and the European
Network for Accessible Tourism (ENAT), UNWTO suggested in July 2020 a set
of practical steps to ensure accessibility for all, under the new
circumstances. “Reopening Tourism for Travelers with Disabilities” provides
recommendations for destinations and service providers to accommodate
customers with disabilities and specific access requirements, including seniors.
Accessibility must be seen as a social right, which concerns all citizens.
It cannot be limited to the group of people in a wheelchair or other (typical)
groups of people with a disability, such as people with visual impairments,
people that are deaf or hard of hearing, people with a mental impairment, etc.
All of these must be included, but accessibility applies equally to those with less
visible ailments or health conditions, such as people with asthma or allergies,
people with short-term or chronic illnesses. Also, older, frail persons, families
with small children, people with luggage, big and small people, tall people,
people handling goods, are affected by poor accessibility. Indeed, everyone
benefits from an accessible environment and society: Accessibility generates
more quality, more comfort, and more security. Accessibility refers not only to
the built environment and physical barriers. Physical access is of course a basic
condition for giving access to people with severe mobility impairments but
accessibility is also about
the accessibility of websites and written documents, signage, communication,
transportation, and even disability awareness on the part of personnel in the
tourism sector: in short, the provision of accessible services.
As specified by Ibarra (2016), Only in recent years has the theme of
accessible tourism seen remarkable growth. Some contributions summarize the
main studies. especially the most recent contribution of which, while limited to
Ibero-American tourism journals, has the merit of providing a good methodology
for the critical collection of the studies in question, starting from the shared
assumption that the greatest difficulties in bibliographic research stem from the
fact that the concepts of disability, accessibility, and tourism have more
discrepancies than agreements.
As mentioned by Nyman (2018) have discussed how the lack of
accessible facilities for persons with disabilities translates into an issue of
inaccessibility for an entire family or group that might be accompanying the
person(s) with disabilities. For instance, they noted from a study conducted in
Sweden that families with wheelchair- bound children tend A person with
Disabilities (PWD) defined as those who have lacked in terms of long-term
physical, mental, intellectual or sensory when interacting with various obstacles,
can block their full and effective participation in society. This group is divided
into two general categories that are permanent and temporary disabilities. The
category of permanent disability is handicapped, hearing impaired, blind and
elderly. Those experiencing a physical inability to work recorded at the medium
level which is 55.4%, followed by the inability of the sight with 60.9% and the
inability of speech with 55.4%. Based on previous studies, several factors have
been identified as a major driver that greatly influenced the participation of
Person with physical Disabilities (PWD) in the employment of technical and
vocational skills. Financial security, job security, social needs and the need to
be appreciated as well as appreciate become factors that motivate this group
to engage in technical and vocational skills employment, also found them
motivated to work because of employer acceptance, social needs, guarantee
income, self-esteem need, being appreciated and to stay clear of ski resorts
despite the fact that several members of the family might actually wish strongly
to access such places.
As stated by Gassiot (2018) Tourism constraints are defined as factors
influencing travel participation and behavior and can be divided into three
categories: intrapersonal (lack of knowledge, health related problems, and
physical and psychological dependency), interpersonal (skill-challenge
incongruities and communication), and structural (information and
communication, cost and attendant, socio-spatial, and attitudinal).
As explained by Cole, Shu & Zhang, Ye & Wang, Wei & Hu, Chengming.
(2019). The influence of accessibility and motivation on leisure travel
participation of people with disabilities. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing.

36. 119-130. Due to the significantly lower participation of people with
disabilities in travel and tourism activities, several studies have identified
specific inaccessibility barriers to participation. Bi, Card, and Cole (2007) found
that people with disabilities encounter the most accessibility barriers at tourist
attractions compared with lodging facilities, transportation, and eating/drinking
facilities. given the facilities in the workplace. Since money is a great power that
very affecting human life, it has become popular choices in the career of an
individual. (2017).
PWD Discrimination
In the Philippines, discriminatory acts like stereotyping, degrading,
racism, and other common types of discrimination exist in all local cities, despite
their city ordinances and policies implemented to protect against discrimination
and other prohibited practices by their local government unit. Estimated 10
percent of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) could only find work because of
their experienced discrimination in hiring and employment because the policy
crafted to help them was not effectively enforced in accordance with the U.S.
State Department Report (ABS-CBN, 2019) and also, the said policies for
PWDs are ineffective due to weak implementation, insufficient funding, and
inadequately focused integrative government programs, citing information from
advocacy groups in the country that causes facing discrimination of PWDs in
seeking jobs (Mendiola, 2019) and 10-20 percent of indigenous people of the
total population of the country suffered harsh realities by grabbing their own
land by corporations, including extrajudicial killings (Calleja, 2020).
Transportation
Out in the street and in public spaces, it has also been reported that
PwDs are experiencing difficulties to follow the required distances with other
persons (e.g., people with visual impairment having troubles to visualize the
distances and people with mobility impairment having trouble keeping
distances) inducing higher exposure to the virus for PWDs when travelling. The
difficulties to access transportation during the pandemic had a direct impact on
their well-being, involving less access to medication, health care, and essential
services. PWDs were more likely to travel for medical reasons and to provide
help to other vulnerable persons than other groups during the pandemic.
The presence of different disabilities creates disparate and specific
needs that require unique ideas and solutions. Understanding consumer
preferences and attitudes is also necessary for potent supply development for
people with disabilities as well (Závodi, 2021). Zajadacz presents the needs and
creative accessibility solutions designed to meet the demands of people living
with disabilities such as blindness and hearing loss (deafness) (Zajadacz, 2015,
Zajadacz and Lubarska, 2020). Tourist destinations are at different stages of
implementing accessibility: some develop special offers for people with
disabilities, while others recognize accessibility as a distinctive feature –
recognizing its inherent market potential (Lőrincz, 2019).
Public transport, on the other hand, may be a cheaper alternative.

However, many have expressed significant problems in accessing services and
reported difficulty in using the service such as getting on and off the vehicles;
getting access to stops and stations; pain and discomfort while seated, and lack
of seating or standing difficulty. Other challenges reported were fear and
anxiety, difficulty in crowds or lack of space, and cognitive difficulties (Mackay,
2019).
Accessibility is one of the most important outcomes of the transportation
system. Public transportation can be made more appealing by providing "door
to door mobility," and the development of transportation services is an important
factor of social quality. Access to public transportation has become critical in
the design and evaluation of transit systems in terms of mobility and
sustainability. Apart from the transportation system itself, perceived
accessibility of public transportation has a significant impact on life satisfaction.
Furthermore, researchers have discovered several impacts and correlations of
public transportation accessibility to the environment and daily life, which have
a noticeable impact on public health and other aspects of public daily life.
Furthermore, the link between public transportation accessibility and job
opportunities has been established.
Travel Motivators
The question of equal access can be examined in the context of spatial
use. It is generally accepted that the pleasure of traveling and taking a holiday
strengthens a sense of subjective happiness (Csapó, 2018, Gonda, 2019). This

is particularly true for people with disabilities, for whom tourism often brings the
potential breaking out of everyday life full of challenges. In many cases, a
journey means a celebration for them, and experience helps them establish
relationships and facilitate their integration into society (Gálné Kucsák, 2008;
Raffay and Gonda, 2020). There is a wide network of support for PWDS to
participate in tourism activities: family members and friends; resource agencies,
which include the community, peer support groups, disability associations and
professionals.
Little research has been conducted on the influence of family members
on the participation of disabled people in travel and tourism. Participation in
activities and reciprocal relations were examined in this study, which
determined the effects of families on tourism motivation and the activities of
individuals with disabilities. The permission and support of family members for
the disabled family member to carry out tourism activities facilitate the person’s
participation in tourism. The recognition of rights and freedoms through state
and legal regulations, and if it is necessary, the investigation of the suitability of
tourism facilities for the use of persons with disabilities, can ensure that the
availability of tourism facilities is increased through inspection, control,
improvements and corrections. The current research underlined the need for
the harmonization of policies, recognition of democratic rights and freedoms,
protection of values without discrimination and new regulations in order to
maintain and fulfill the human rights of persons with disabilities. While physical
activity plays a significant role in psychological, physiological and social
concepts for all people, it is more important for disabled people.
In addition, the state should take roles in directing disabled individuals to
physical activity with future facilities, organizations and sponsorships. In
addition, media, educational institutions and public institutions should play a
role in raising the awareness of the whole society, especially families with
disabilities, about physical activity for the disabled.
PWDS are deprived of many activities, such as visiting museums or
historical places, excursions and tours, festivals, sports, concerts, plays and
competitions. It is necessary to maintain the full and effective participation of
persons with disabilities in social life and activities under equal conditions with
other individuals by encouraging and ensuring the benefits of fundamental
rights and freedoms and by strengthening the respect for their innate dignity,
and to ensure that necessary arrangements are made to take measures to
prevent disability. The reasons why individuals with disabilities do not
participate in activities are investigated in a previous paper. The reasons for the
disabled individuals not to participate in the activities are examined under two
main headings: individual and environmental factors—psychological,
economic, social, family, gender, companion needs, community participation
and encouragement, facilities and materials, clubs and associations. Another
study in Finland, where national programs should be implemented to encourage
physical activity, measured the average daily movement distance and duration
of wheelchair users and collected user experiences by examining the effect of
an activity tracker and mobile application on their movement levels.
From the viewpoint of Chikuta (2017) Travel motivations for people with
disabilities to engage in nature-based tourism is also a theme within the
literature. found that people with disabilities who visit national parks in South
Africa have similar travel motivations as people without disabilities, such as
enjoying nature, spending time with family and escaping everyday life. In
relation to this, a significant aspect to consider is that studies have shown that
people with disabilities have very similar preferences regarding natural area
settings as people without.
Disability
As reported by the United Nations (UN), about 10% of the world’s
population has some disability, and an estimate by the WHO show a rapid
increase in this number every year. Furthermore, about 80% of individuals with
disabilities, across the globe, residing in developing countries, wherein a
significant number remain unemployed. Also, the International Labor
Organization (ILO) states that in some countries, around 80% of the disabled
population fails to seek any employment because employers think that people
with disabilities are less productive than people with none (Medical- Dictionary).
The WHO defines disability as “any condition of the body or mind that
makes it more difficult for the person with the condition to do certain activities
and interact with the world around them” (World Health Organization 2020a, b).
The impact of the COVID-19 on PWD has not been well described, and it is not
known whether the pandemic is disproportionally creating challenges for PWD.
Mitigation measures currently in place across the globe are likely to exacerbate
many psychological, financial, and day-to-day challenges (Gershman 2020).
Recently, scientific publications and advocacy groups have provided broad
recommendations to limit the impact of the pandemic on PWD (Allen and Smith
2020; Senjam 2020; Kessler Foundation 2020; National Association of the Deaf
2020; Rogers 2020). However, there are little data to quantify the impact of the
pandemic on PWD, and a thorough review of existing survey instruments
demonstrated a clear gap in available instruments to assess the impact on
PWD. While long-standing rigorously validated survey instruments like the
WHO Model Disability Survey are commonly used in disability survey research,
existing instruments may lack content validity since they were not developed
with this unprecedented global stressor in mind (World Health Organization
2020a, b).
Republic Act 7277, otherwise known as Disability Act of the Philippines,
defines disabled persons as those suffering from a restriction of different
abilities, as a result of a mental, physical or sensory impairment, to perform an
activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being.
Cochran Abegail L (2020) People with disabilities experience particular
transportation challenges that arise from socializing while in transit. Completing
or anticipating transportation-related social tasks, like asking drivers, fellow

passengers, family/friends/caregivers, or passers-by for help, can impact one's
health by influencing feelings of self-efficacy, stress, and perceived social
isolation. These feelings may, in turn, affect travel behavior, which also has
implications for health. ACM Transaction on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
(2022) It is much more difficult for people with visual or mobility impairments to
prepare for a trip or visit unfamiliar places than it is for people without
disabilities. In addition to the usual travel arrangements, one needs to know if
the various parts of the travel chain are accessible. To the best of our
knowledge, there is no previous work that examines in depth travel behavior for
indoor environments for both trip planning and execution, highlighting the
special needs of people with low vision, blindness, or mobility impairments
(MIs).
Based on the definition contained in the Disability Discrimination Act
1995 (The National Archives of the Philippines, 1995), a disabled person is
someone who “has a physical or mental disability” which has a substantial and
long-term detrimental effect on his or her ability to carry out normal daily
activities. Disability means that a person may have a physical, cognitive/mental
disability, sensory, emotional, developmental disorders, or a combination of
these (Loi & Kong, 2015). The construct of disability can be divided into physical
disability and learning disability. Physical disability is related to mobility, visual
and hearing impairments and learning disabilities are about cognitive, sensory,
emotional and developmental impairments (Loi & Kong, 2015).

Disability & Society (2019) To counterbalance the exclusionary aspects
of citizenship, we argue that human rights prove important. At the same time,
human rights are more easily proclaimed than enforced and citizenship remains
a precondition for effectively implementing human rights. The article concludes
that citizenship is a relevant but also ambivalent concept when it comes to
disability; it calls for a critical understanding of citizenship in Disability Studies.
As stated by Kutty (2019) The incorporation of accessibility in public
areas is relatively important so that everyone including the PWD are able to fully
utilize the function of a public area. Although the government has been
advocating many policies and Acts in safeguarding the rights for PWD, there
are still some issues yet to be settled. This can be supported through a
discussion on several major accessibility issues in public areas of the city as
follows: a. Blatant misuse of the scarce disabled parking spaces at public outlets
by the ignorant abled-bodied citizens that meant to be under reservation for the
PWD drivers. Absence of ramps for easier access to entrance of building.
Absence of wider lanes or sidewalk areas for wheelchair users, particularly in
the circulation area. Lack of facilities in PWD toilets. e. Inadequate public
transportations, i.e. stairs as the only access to board into public busses,
inappropriate design consideration of bus/taxi stand, narrow walkway in public
busses which makes traveling across the busses difficult for wheelchair
user/persons with crutch, the gap between the platform and the entrance door
of the train is dangerous for wheelchair users, etc. Impractical design of

doorknobs that are hard to grasp for persons with arthritis.
Travel Behavior and Society (2023) Improving transport accessibility for
people with disabilities (PWD) is crucial, given that this group is more likely to
encounter transport-related exclusion (Lucas, 2012). Previous studies have
shown that PWD experience numerous difficulties when travelling by
public/para-transit (Bezyak, 2017; Park, 2022). If public transit services and
policies are not improved to remove barriers for PWD, they continue to
experience limited access. The underlying idea of accessible tourism is that
everyone has the right to travel, to satisfy a number of needs felt differently by
every person, for example, the need to enrich personal knowledge by
experiencing the local culture of a visited location or the need to appreciate the
diversity and beauty of locations explored with curiosity (Foubert, 2018).
Transport Reviews (2023) This review identified 115 peer-reviewed
studies of the daily travel patterns of individuals across three categories of
disabilities—mobility, cognitive, and sensory. Our review reveals that persons
with disabilities make 10–30% fewer trips than those without disabilities,
particularly non-work trips. Another significant difference is in travel mode
choice increased uses of public transit and taxi and riding with others and
decreased walking and driving among those with disabilities. People with
disabilities are prone to utilising slower means of transportation and travelling
shorter distances. The quantitative review highlighted a limited considertation
of the built environment characteristics and temporal factors as travel behavour

predictors. The awareness of the importance of examining and promoting
accessible tourism has grown since the 1975 United Nations Declaration on the
Rights of Disabled Persons (United Nations, 1975). However, available
knowledge on this topic remains limited (Darcy, 2020) and the tourism industry
has not progressed sufficiently in providing the market with accessible tourism
products (Bowtell, 2015). Such slow development may be party related to the
complexity and variety of access requirements, so that it is difficult to develop
possible solutions for the needs of people from all groups and with different
levels of disability (Altinay, 2016).
Discrimination about PWD
There are various aspects of challenges encountered by PWD
regardless of the type of impairment. The Republic Act 7277 of the Philippines,
known as Magna Carta for Disabled Persons, mentioned the seven types of
disabilities: psychosocial disability, disability due to chronic illness, learning
disability, mental disability, visual disability, orthopedic disability, and
communication disability. The disabilities mentioned above experienced the
same stereotypes and alienation in the community, job, or school. PWD made
up to one-sixth of 15 percent of the world's population. Out of 92.1 million
household populations in the Philippines, 1.4 million had a disability (Narido &
Tacadao, 2016). Disability rights advocates urged the government to get the
utmost attention and fought to pass the Republic Act 7277. Made disability laws
here in the Philippines aim to protect PWD from discrimination, provide every
right, and transform society as the safest place for a person with a disability. As
eloquently stated by Momene (2015), normalizing a non- PWDs’ initiative to
communicate with a PWD is one of the most effective ways to erase the
prejudice against having a disability.
A Kenyan woman said, “I hated going outside because you would find
people staring at you and some offering you money like you are a beggar
without knowing whether you need it or not or even talking to One woman from
the Philippines with mobility recently limited by stroke cried during the interview
and expressed worry about being a burden on her family. She said, “I’m a bother
also. I feel ashamed also. Somehow, they must also be getting tired of me. I
also seem to be feeling pity for myself. It’s difficult to be like this. More so … it’s
better that I died than be like this. I can no longer do everything. It’s like they’re
already annoyed with me. Of course, at the very least I’m a bother.” However,
a man from the Philippines said he experience less stigma after moving from a
rural province to the NCR area. He said, “Definitely it changed a lot. I tell you,
even if we go out, even if I go to [place name] mall, no one notices us. It seems
like we’re normal. Unlike in my province that people are like that, especially at
the mall, at the cinema [staring] like that.” (E. Williams, 2017).
International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in
Education (2021) Persons with disabilities (PWDs) are one of the concerns in
society. But, social exclusions and biases put PWDs in a disadvantageous
position. There has always been an issue in employment, social roles, and
accessibility to education. These issues are eventually turning into self-doubt
and feelings of inferiority, which are reasonable evidence suggesting that
persons with disabilities received negative attitudes from non-PWD individuals.
As stated by Manaf (2016) indicated that conducting research on people
with disabilities requires better understanding, knowledge, and skills. As it is
increasing extensively, the researchers must prepare emotionally, spiritually,
and physically to produce publishable papers regarding the issues of PWD.
Researchers in this field should also fill themselves with knowledge in dealing
with a person with specific impairment amidst barriers and difficulties. These
skills include good social skills, good communication skills (e.g., primary sign
language), and patience with the PWD state of condition.
Health Affairs (2022) In its 2022 Health Equity Framework for People
with Disabilities, the National Council on Disability highlighted some of these
disparities and recommended remedies. To explore these concerns, this article
examines disability inequities and potential solutions within six areas. It
concludes by recommending the ratification of the 2006 United Nations
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to reinvigorate US efforts
to maximize the health and dignity of disabled Americans and support their full
participation in the community.
Travel behavior stated by An Neven, Wim Ectors (2023) Transportation
challenges are important barriers for persons with disabilities (PWD) to
participate in professional, social and economic life. This study builds further on
previous literature about the transportation problems of PWD by not only
mapping in detail the perceived mobility barriers of PWD with various types of
disabilities and for different travel modes, but also investigating their own
solutions to lower these barriers and examining the impact of improved mobility
on participation.
As per Georgina (2017) stated, the real struggle of persons with
disabilities will start when they step out of their house. Although we are in
modern society when it comes to accommodating PWD's, especially in
infrastructure, it still needs improvement. The designs of buildings here in the
Philippines have a severe usability problem to the PWD's: self-closing doors
with heavy return spring, uneven surface, lack of ramps, etc. However, modern
societies are not altogether unsympathetic to the PWD's. More than 180 million
young people with disabilities live worldwide, 150 million live in the developing
world. Typically, these people exclude from most schooling opportunities,
economic, social, and cultural activities.
As eloquently stated by the Mindful Word (2019), creating a better
society also needs to empower people with disabilities. This article mention that
people might not more thought to not being able to do things that ordinary
people do automatically. If the people are physically healthy and psychologically
normal, people may not be aware of the painful feeling of discrimination of living
with disabilities. However, it is not essential for people with disabilities to
compete with other people; PWD's lives must be fullest. The more important is
that persons with disabilities are reaching maximum achievement and
independence regardless of impairment.
Barriers
The physical environment was often a barrier to wheelchair use. After
visiting South Africa, one Kenyan woman contrasted her neighborhood, where
public transportation was inaccessible to wheelchair users, with buses in South
Africa which are equipped to be wheelchair accessible. Participants talked
about needing to request strangers’ help to gain access to public buildings, or
carry them upstairs because light rail train stations were inaccessible. (E.
Williams, 2017, Perspectives of basic wheelchair users on improving their
access to wheelchair services in Kenya and Philippines: a qualitative study).
Disability is not an obstacle to success. The real obstacle is the attitude
of the public toward persons with disabilities. The outdated beliefs about PWD
are needed to transform beliefs that persons with disability are doing less than
normal individuals. This kind of attitude is the one that creates the barriers for
persons with disabilities; rather than mental and physical impairment, this kind
of stigma is the one-factor creating significant problems for persons with
disabilities (Thomson, 2016).
As reported by the UNWTO, for persons with disabilities, traveling can
be a challenge, as finding the information on accessible services, checking
luggage on a plane, booking a room to fulfill access needs, often prove to be
difficult, costly and time consuming. Challenges for persons with disabilities
include:
- Untrained professional staff capable of informing and advising about
accessibility issues
- Inaccessible booking services and related websites
- Lack of accessible airports and transfer facilities and services
- Unavailability of adapted and accessible hotel rooms, restaurants, shops,
toilets and public places.
- Inaccessible streets and transport services
- Unavailable information on accessible facilities, services, equipment rentals
and tourist attractions
Travel Guidebooks
As described by Mackay, 2019. There seems to be an increasing
awareness about Accessible Tourism, but due to the built environment, it will
take more years to finally achieve its full participation. Travel barriers may
lessen in the future but will remain to exist. Campaign drives and advocacy
programs play a significant role in achieving the goals for accessible tourism.
As PWD travelers express their need for accessible information, this travel
information must be provided.
However, it can be understood as a book that has the purpose of aiding
tourists during their travel. Unlike other travel literature, guidebooks have an
impersonal, systematic and detailed approach to providing information and
guidance for tourists. In the various roles it plays in the practice of tourism, the
travel guidebook contributes to the creation of a travel experience by addressing
certain needs, values or underlying dimensions of them. According to Peel and
Sørensen (2016), guidebooks are not just passively accepted by their users,
but “they are met with varying levels of resistance and diverse interpretations”
This enables the tourist to know more about the attraction (Mackay, 2019).
Theoretical Paradigm
The concept of accessible tourism is not limited to the disability factor
only. In the same way, the diverse population of people with disabilities can be
provided by different levels of support. The scale of the said levels of support
Figure 1. Theoretical Paradigm
can be broke down into two parts. The other side is where you can find people
with disabilities that can manage little to no help and on the other one is people
who are in-need of high support or 24-hour care. It is also mentioned that the
level of support that a person can receive affects their ability to play a part in
the society. However, it is important to note that the concept of support needs
is a part of the medical paradigm – which places more emphasis on the
individual's loss than on the social build. Furthermore, the universal design is
important in accessible travel and in fully comprehending disability (Small and
Darcy, 2010; Ambrose, 2012).
Conceptual Paradigm
Figure 2. Conceptual Paradigm
The conceptual paradigm shown above portrayed the traveler with
physical disability and how accessible tourism can help them. In this paradigm
it explains that the traveler with physical disability has their travel motivator yet
they are hindered because of the barriers and challenges. Then here where the
purpose of the study comes in. With the aid of accessible facilities and services,
the traveler with physical disability can pass and overcome those hindrances
and gain the ability to reach destinations.

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES
This chapter presents the complete research process. It includes the
research design, participants, locale, samples and instruments. It discusses the
data collection procedures with the statistical tools and methods used.
Research Design
The quantitative-descriptive method was used by the researcher. It is
descriptive in nature because it describes important information about the travel
patterns andchallenges of people with disabilities in the National Capital Region,
which served as thefoundation for developing the travel guidebook.
Research Locale
The research was focuses on the are of Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas
and Valenzuela (CAMANAVA), where relevant data is available. The survey

was primarily conducted in the office and homes of Person with disabilities who
are affiliated to North Bay Boulevard South NBBS-Association of PWD, INC.
According to North Bay Boulevard South NBBS-Association of PWD,
INC., they have a population of 300 people with disabilities that are qualified to
be the respondentsof this study.
Population & Sampling
On this study, the researcher used purposive quota method. A method
where the respondents are selected based on certain mutually-exclusive criteria.
The researcher chose this method to select those who are qualified for one
category which is having a physical disability.
The respondents in study are people who have physical disabilities that is
affiliatedwith PWD organization, the researcher limits the study to the PWD in
CAMANAVA. The respondents of the study are consisting of 30 people with
physical disabilities. They wererecruited through referrals and disability-related
organizations which are linked with the North Bay Boulevard South NBBS-
Association of PWD, INC.

Research Instrument
A survey questionnaire be use to gather information regarding the Travel
Motivators and Challenges Encountered by People with Physical Disabilities
towards Accessible Tourism. The survey questionnaire consist of 4 parts:
Profile of the Respondent; Respondents Assessment of Travel Motivators
Indicators; Challenges Encountered when Travelling; Frequency of
Encountering Challenges and Barriers.
The survey questionnaire has been validated by the Researcher
Coordinator and theDepartment Head of the DTHIM Department.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers made a request letter that allows them to conduct their
research study in North Bay Boulevard South NBBS-Association of PWD, INC.
The request letter was signed by the Research Adviser and noted by their
Department Head.And will be disseminated to 30 respondents of the study.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The following statistical procedures were used to interpret the data
gathered from the respondents of the study.
Simple Percentage. The demographic profile variables of the
respondents (such as age, gender, location, nature of Disability and etc) were
analyzed using the simple percentage method. This means that for each
demographic variable, the proportion or percentage of respondents that fell into
each category was calculated using the following formula:
Percentage = (Number of respondents in a specific category / Total
number of respondents) x 100
For example, if there were 100 respondents in a survey, and 60 of them
were female, the percentage of female respondents would be:
Percentage of females = (60 / 100) x 100 = 60%
By calculating the simple percentage for each demographic variable, the
researchers gained an understanding of the characteristics of the sample
population, which helped them draw conclusions and made generalizations
about the larger population that the sample represents.
Weighted mean. Weighted mean is a statistical measure that calculates
the average of a set of data points, where each data point is multiplied by a
weight that represents its importance or significance.
These were used to answer problem in analyzing the travel challenges
encountered by person with physical disability; and analyzing the travel factors;
and in analyzing the travel motivators that person with physical disability needs
to travel at ease.
Formula:
Where:
x = respondents
n = total number of respondents
w = weight
Likert Scale. provides four possible answers to a statement or question
that allows respondents to indicate the Frequency of Encountering Challenges
and Barriers.
A type of psychometric response scale in which responders specify their
level of agreement to a statement typically in four points:
(1) Never; (2) Seldom; (3) Sometimes; (4) Always
4 – Point Scaling Frequency of Encountering Challenges and Barriers.
4 3.01 – 4.00 Always
3 2.01 – 3.00 Sometimes
2 1.01 – 2.00 Seldom
1 0.99 – 1.00 Never

CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATIONS, ANAYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
This chapter presents the data gathered from the survey conducted to 30
respondents pertaining to Travel Motivators and Challenges of the People with
Physical Disabilities.
1. Demographic of Respondents
Gender
Table 1 Frequency, and Percentage of the Demographic
Profile of the Respondents in terms of Gender.
Table 1
Sex f %
Male 17 56.67%
Female 13 43.33%
TOTAL 30 100.00%
Table 1 presents the respondent’s sexes wherein a larger
number of therespondents are males (56.67%) compared to the
females (43.33%).
Age
Profile of the Respondents in terms of Age.

Table 2
Age f %
46 and above 15 50.00%
37 - 45 5 16.67%
31 - 36 4 13.33%
26 - 30 3 10.00%
19 - 25 3 10.00%
TOTAL 30 100.00%
Table 2 presents the number of respondents according to
their age groups. Halfof the respondents are aged 46 and above
(50%) while the remaining half are almost equally distributed
among the remaining age groups.
Locality
Profile of the Respondents in terms of Locality.
Table 3
Location f %
Caloocan 14 46.67%
Navotas 11 36.67%
Malabon 4 13.33%
Valenzuela 1 3.33%
TOTAL 30 100.00%
Table 3 reports the respondents’ municipal locations.
Caloocan (46.67%) has thelargest representation followed by
Navotas (36.67%). Meanwhile, the remaining respondents are
from Malabon (13.33) and Valenzuela (3.33%).
2. Nature of Disability.
Table 4 Frequency, and Percentage of the Respondents in terms of Nature
of Disability.
Table 4
Nature of Disability f %
Since birth 12 40.00%
Complications of an illness or disease 8 26.67%
Due to accident 7 23.33%
Genetically acquired 3 10.00%
TOTAL 30 100.00%
Table 4 shows the respondents’ nature of disabilities.
According to the respondents, some have inborn disabilities (40%),
others were due to complications froman illness or disease (26.67%).
Furthermore, some respondents’ disabilities were caused by an
accident (23.33%) while the remaining were acquired genetically
(10%).
3. Decision Making.
Table 5 Frequency, and Percentage of the Respondents in terms of Decision
Making.
Table 5
“Who makes most of your decisions
f %
related to travelling?”
Myself 15 50.00%
Other People 15 50.00%
TOTAL 30 100.00%
Table 5 shows the respondents’ answers when asked about who
makes the decision on matters related to travelling. Interestingly, half
of the respondents decide forthemselves (50%) while the remaining
half have others decide for them (50%).
4. Assistance when Travelling.
Table 6 Frequency, and Percentage of the Respondents in terms of
Assistance when Travelling.
Table 6
“Do you need assistance when travelling?” f %
Yes 14 46.67%
Sometimes 13 43.33%
No 3 10.00%
TOTAL 30 100.00%
Table 6 presents the respondents’ answers when asked
about whether they need assistance whenever they travel.
More respondents said they needed assistance when
travelling (46.67%) compared to those who do not (10%).

Meanwhile, some respondents require a form of assistance
from time to time (43.33%) when travelling.
5. Companion.
Companion.
Table 7
“Do you travel with a companion?” f %
Yes 23 76.67%
No 7 23.33%
TOTAL 30 100.00%
Table 7 presents the respondents’ answers when asked
about if they are accompanied whenever they travel. Most of
the respondents shared that they areaccompanied (76.67%)
when travelling while the rest travel by themselves (23.33%).
6. Assistive Device/Equipment.
Assistive Device/Equipment.
Table 8
Assistive Device/Equipment f %
Cane 15 50.00%
Others 9 30.00%
Wheelchair 4 13.33%
Crutches 1 3.33%
Prosthesis 1 3.33%
TOTAL 30 100.00%
Table 8 reports the assistive devices used by the
respondents. Half of therespondents need the assistance of canes
(50%), while others use wheelchairs (13.33%), prosthesis (3.33%),
and crutches (3.33%). Meanwhile, the rest use other types of
assistive equipment (30%).
7. Travel Motivators.
Table 9 Frequency, and Percentage of the Respondents in terms of Travel
Motivators.
Table 9
Travel Motivators for the Respondents f % % of cases
Meet the family, relatives and friends. 27 15.00% 90.00%
Attend business matters or personal matters. 20 11.11% 66.67%

Attend worship services at a church. 20 11.11% 66.67%
Dine in at a restaurant. 19 10.56% 63.33%
Roam around at a shopping mall and buy
19 10.56% 63.33%
supplies.
Check up at the hospital and conduct therapy
17 9.44% 56.67%
sessions.
Attend Community Events such as Awareness
16 8.89% 53.33%
Events, Assistance or Ayuda.
Visit tourist attractions like Museum, Theme
15 8.33% 50.00%
Park etc.
Go to school and study. 14 7.78% 46.67%
Go to a workplace and work. 13 7.22% 43.33%
TOTAL 180 100.00% 600.00%
Table 9 shows the summary of the respondents’ travel
motivators. According to the respondents, the most common reason
for travelling is to meet their families and friends (15%), followed by
travelling due to business and personal matters. On the otherhand,
the least common reason is travelling for attending work (7.22%) and
school (7.78%).
8. Challenges Encountered.
Challenges Encountered.
Table 10
Challenges Encountered by Respondents f % % of cases
Experiencing obstructed pathways that restrict you from going
24 16.11% 80.00%
through it
Difficulty going to the other floors because there are no
21 14.09% 70.00%
elevator lift
Experiencing verbal abuse from other passengers when
21 14.09% 70.00%
travelling
Experiencing discrimination or mistreatment when travelling 17 11.41% 56.67%
Unable to visit a place because it is not accessible for all tourist 14 9.40% 46.67%
Difficulty asking assistance from other staffs or employees 12 8.05% 40.00%
Difficulty of using or finding a PWD restroom 12 8.05% 40.00%
Paying for extra charges when travelling 11 7.38% 36.67%
Facilities or establishments does not accept or consider PWD
9 6.04% 30.00%
discounts
The facilities or establishments rejects services because of
8 5.37% 26.67%
your disabilities
TOTAL 149 100.00% 496.67%
Table 10 reports the difficulties encountered by the
respondents whenever they travel. According to the
respondents, the most common form of challenge they
encounter when they travel is being restricted because of
pathway obstructions (16.11%), followed by receiving verbal
abuse from co-passengers (14.09%) and the inaccessibility of
elevatorlifts (14.09%). Meanwhile, the least common problem
encountered by the respondents is rejection from
establishments by not receiving proper service due to their
disabilities (5.37%).
9. Challenge Frequency Experienced by the Respondents.
Challenge Frequency of Experienced by the Respondents.
Table 11
Summary of Responses: Challenge Frequency Experienced by the Respondents

Never Seldom Sometimes Always Weighted
Questions Interpretation
(1) (2) (3) (4) Mean
1. How often do you
experience obstructed
4 5 5 16 3.100 Sometimes
pathways that prevent
you from travelling?
2. How often do you
4 5 10 11 2.933 Sometimes
experience having no
3. How often do you
experience verbal 4 7 11 8 2.767 Sometimes
abuse during travel?
4. How often do you
experience about
discrimination because 5 7 9 9 2.733 Sometimes
of your disability when
traveling?
5. How often do you
experience no
6 5 10 9 2.733 Sometimes
available comfort room
for PWD?
6. How often do you
experience difficult in
9 6 8 7 2.433 Seldom
dealing with personnel
at the attractions/site?
7. How often do you
experience 9 8 6 7 2.367 Seldom
inaccessible facility?
8. How often do you
experience rejection to
13 4 4 9 2.300 Seldom
other services because
of your disabilities?
9. How often do you
experience extra
charge of fare when 12 5 6 7 2.267 Seldom
travelling with public
transports?
10. How often do you
experience facilities
10 7 8 5 2.267 Seldom
that doesn't accept
PWD discounts?
Table 11 shows the summary of a 4-point Likert Scale questionnaire which
measured how frequent the respondents experience the listed travelling
challenges. Among the 10 components, the highest weighted mean coefficients
were computed fromitem 10 (3.100, sometimes), item 2 (2.933, sometimes),
and item 4 (2.767, sometimes).
Conversely, the lowest coefficients were from item 1 and 7
(2.267, seldom), and item 8 (2.300, seldom). Therefore, the most
frequent challenges encountered by the respondents during their
travels are obstructed pathways, inaccessible elevators and
escalators, and verbal abuse from other travelers. Meanwhile, the
least frequent challenges encountered are being charged extra
for public transport fare, unavailable PWD discounts from
establishments, and rejection of service from establishments
because of their disabilities.
Likert Scale Interpretation
Table A
Weighted Mean Interpretation
1.00 - 1.74 Never
1.75 - 2.49 Seldom
2.50 - 3.24 Sometimes
3.25 - 4.00 Always

Table A served as the basis in interpreting the weighted
mean for the succeeding tables. The left column shows the
number range for the weighted mean and on the right column
are their respective interpretations. Furthermore, the number
range has a fixed range of 0.75. This was determined by simply
subtracting 1 to the highest scale,
4 – 1 = 3.
Then, the difference is divided by the highest scale, 3/4 =
0.75. So, the interpretation are as follows: Never for ranges
1.00 to 1.74, Seldom for ranges 1.75 to 2.49, Sometimes for
ranges 2.50 to 3.24, and always for ranges 3.25 to 4.00
(Pimentel, 2010).
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter discussed the findings, conclusions and
recommendations based on thegathered data.
Summary of Findings
The study’s key findings are summarized below:
1. Demographic Profile
1.1 Gender. The gender of the respondents was divided:
43.33% were females and 56.67% were males.
1.2 Age. The age of the respondents had been computed and
revealed that the most numbered age of the respondents is the
age bracket of 46 and above which is 50%, followed by the age
bracket of 37-45 which is 16.67%, followed by the age bracket of
31-36 which is 13.33%, and the least number of the percentages
is the age bracket of 26-30 and 19-25 which are both 10%.
1.3 Location. For ease of reference the location was derived in
CAMANAVA area: Caloocan City, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela;
Caloocan has the largest representation with total of 46.67%
followed by Navotas with total of 36.67%. Meanwhile, the

remaining respondents are from Malabon with total of 13.33%,
and lastly, the lowest percentage is in Valenzuela with total of
3.33%.
2. Nature of Disability. The data of Nature of Disability have
been computed and it showed that 40% of the respondents
acquired their disability inborn, followed by 26.67% were acquired
due to complications from illness or disease.
Furthermore, 23.33% were cause by an accident while the
remaining 10% were acquired genetically.
3. Decisions made by myself or other people. The
respondent’s decision was made both of myself and other people
like family and relatives and calculated are both 50%.
4. Requiring an assistance when travelling. The respondents
who need an assistance calculated with the total of 46.67% and
43.33% answered that sometimes they need assistance when
they travelling while the remaining 10% answered that they don’t
need an assistance.
5. Travelling with Companion. The data showed that the
majority of respondents 76.67% stated that they travel with
companion, while the remaining 23.33% travel alone.
6. Kind of assistive device used. The data have been

calculated and cane got the highest percentage of assistive

device used with the total of 50%, followed by others which is
30%. Furthermore, the wheelchair got a 13.33% while the
prosthesis and crutches got both 3.33%.
7. Travel Motivators
According to Table 9, the highest travel motivators of the
respondents is to meet the family, relatives and friends has 15%
of answered, the attend to business or personal matter and attend
worship services at church has both 11.11% in total answered,
the dine-in restaurant and roam around at a shopping mall and
buy supplies has both 10.56%, the check-up at the hospital and
conduct therapy sessions has 9.44%, the attend community
events such as Awareness Events, Assistance or Ayuda has
8.89%, to visit tourist attractions like museum, theme park and
etc. has 8.33%, the go to school and study has 7.78% and lastly,
the remaining 7.22% is to go to a workplace and work.
8. Challenges Encountered
Based on table 10, the most encountered challenges of the
respondents is experiencing obstructed pathways that restrict
them from going through it has 16.11%, followed by the Difficulty
going to the other floors because there are no elevator lift and
experiencing verbal abuse from other passengers when travelling

has both 14.09%, the experiencing discrimination or mistreatment
when travelling has 11.41%, the unable to visit a place because it
is not accessible for all tourist has 9.40%, difficulty asking
assistance from others staffs or employees and difficulty of using
or finding PWD restroom are equally 8.05%, paying for extra
charges when travelling has 7.38% while the facilities or
establishments that not accept or consider PWD discounts has
6.04% and the least percentage is the facilities or establishments
rejects services of their disabilities has 5.37%.
9. Experience the various challenges and barriers while
travelling
Table 11 displays the summary of a 4-point Likert Scale
questionnaire which examined how commonly the respondents
experience the stated travelling challenges. Among the ten
components, item 10 (3.100, sometimes), item
2 (2.933, sometimes), and item 4 had the highest weighted
mean coefficients (2.767, sometimes). In contrast, the lowest
coefficients were
from items 1 and 7 (2.267, rarely), and item 8 (2.300, seldom).
As a result, the respondents' most common travel obstacles are
obstructed routes, inaccessible elevators and escalators, and

verbal abuse from other travelers. Meanwhile, the least common
issues encountered are being charged more for public
transportation fares, establishments refusing to provide PWD
discounts, and companies refusing to serve them because of their
disability.
10. Proposed Travel Guide for People with Physical
Disabilities The following information must be included in the
travel guide:
1. Travel Rights for PWD
2. Recommended Accessible Services and facilities
3. Lists of updated contact details of PWD organization within
CAMANAVA and related government agencies.
Conclusion
The researchers find that the person with physical disabilities
still want to travel even with their disabilities that place them to
difficulty to travel. Most of the respondents are congenital with
their physical disabilities and some are cause by accident. When
they travel either by themselves or by their guardian or
companion. A lot of the respondents need assistance while they
travelling however more of them wanted to travel alone using their
assistive devices.
The findings revealed that one of the travel motivators of the
respondents is that they want to attend family reunion or attend
party with their friend like birthday party, Christmas party, and
festival to meet them. Sometimes they travel because of their
personal matters and to attend church. These travel motivators
are the reason why respondents want to travel regardless of their
physical disabilities.
This study finds that the person with physical disabilities
encountered a lot of challenges when they travelling. One of the
challenges they encounter is having a hindrance in their
pathways. No matter what or whenever they go, discrimination is
always encountered went they are travelling. Discrimination is one
of the biggest challenges faces by the person with physical
disabilities. This study finds that some of facilities are not
accessible for respondents.
This study learned that providing travel guide book for the
person with physical disabilities is the key to travel with ease. By
giving them travel a guide book that help them to travel.

Recommendations
Contains recommendation of the researcher that is addressed
to the concern listed on the significance of the study:
1. Being disabled is part of human conditions. Most people
are temporarily or permanently disabled at some point in their
lives, and those who survive into old age find it increasingly
difficult to function. People with physical disabilities have the
privilege to enjoy discounts to certain establishments, and also
given priority in the waiting line. It is recommended for them to use
and enjoy these benefits to their advantage.
The employees are responsible to assist, protect, and ensure
equal enjoyment to all persons with physical disabilities and to
promote and respect for their inherent dignity. The people with
physical disabilities needs to be assisted by their guardian or
companion when they travel. Some people with physical
disabilities that want to travel alone using their assistive devices
despite of their physical condition.
A. It is recommended that people with physical disabilities
travel with their companion and always bring their PWD IDs to
avail discount privileges.
B. It is recommended that people with physical disabilities

asks for help to employees when they need assistance. It is their
right to attain certain services and special treatment. They must
not be hesitant to these kinds of service.
2. People with physical disabilities may need access to
specific measures such as Support Services or Assistance.
Incorporating assistive devices such as wheelchairs, canes,
crutches, prosthesis and walkers improves functionality and
independence. Establishments are recommended to incorporate
elevator and escalator in their floors so that people with physical
disabilities can still access different floors and participate into their
services and avail their products. addition, the of chances
experiencing a permanent or disability is increased. Accessibility
is important aspect for PWDs to ensure to participate fully in our
societies for person with disabilities, traveling can be challenges,
as finding the information on accessible services. Thus,
accessible tourism is the ongoing endeavor to ensure tourist
destinations, products and services are accessible to all people,
regardless of their physical limitations, disabilities or age. This
includes publicly and privately-owned tourist locations, facilities
and services.
3. Organizations for people with disabilities may support and

empower people with disabilities to participate into tourism
activities such as visiting tourist attraction. The main challenge of
people with disabilities is having a convenient transportation for
them to travel. The local government or PWD organizations can
setup a Daytrip for places that they could enjoy. Tourism activities
that do not include walking or moving are birdwatching, picnic, or
even partake into gastronomy tourism so that they could
experience different gourmet and dishes of various regions.
Other Recommendation
For the people with physical disabilities and their companion
or relatives.
Having a disability does mean that the people with physical
disability cannot longer participate or partake in traveling. The
companion or relatives must be the number one supporter and
encourage them to do what makes them happy.
For the Tourism Industry.
The tourism industry must also consider the people with
physical disability and provide accessible facilities and service to
each and every tourism site. Tourism sites must include elevators
or escalators, designated PWD parking spots, and other special
privileges such as discounts to encourage them to participate into

various tourism sites
and to motivate them to travel. They can also include free use
of wheelchair for them to use within the vicinity so that they would
not have to walk all the time.
For the Architects and Engineers.
The Architects and Engineers must design establishments that
can be easily accessed by the people with physical disability. The
elevators or escalators is recommended to be located near the
entrance so that it is not challenging for them to access it. They
must also consider to include special pathways such as ramps to
aid the people with disabilities who are using wheelchairs.
For the future Researchers.
It was proven that there were only handful of studies that
tackles about accessible tourism and giving the people with
disability to participate into the tourism industry. This study hopes
that it can also inspire or even used as a guide for those who are
willing to explore this topic.

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APPENDIX A
Request Letter
APPENDIX B
Survey Questionnaire
APPENDIX C
Travel Guidebook
APPENDIX D
Curriculum Vitae

Biglang Awa Corner, Cattleya Street, Caloocan City
Personal Information
Name: Alvarez, John Kyle
Address: Lot 25 BLK 12B Phase 3C Kaunlaran Village Caloocan City
Date of Birth: December 6, 2000
Civil Status: Single
Educational Attainment
College:
University of Caloocan City - EDSA Campus, April 2023
Senior High School:

STI College - Caloocan City, April 2019
Junior High School:

Florentino Torres High School, April 2017
Elementary School:
Kaunlaran Elementary School, Caloocan City, April 2013

Name: Ganituen, Louise Nicole A.
Address: 184, Gen Mascardo St Bagong Barrio. Caloocan City
Date of Birth: August 12, 2001
College:
Senior High School:

Systems Plus Computer College - Caloocan City, April 2019
Junior High School:

Bagong Barrio National High School, April 2017
Elementary School:
Bagong Barrio Elementary School, Caloocan City, April 2013

Name: Gaspar, Justine Rose P.
Address: 1166 Road 3 Tambakan, Maypajo, Caloocan City.
Date of Birth: April 21, 2001
College:
Senior High School:

Systems Plus Computer College, April 2019
Junior High School:

Maypajo High School, April 2017
Elementary School:
Maypajo Integrated School, April 2013

Name: Lim, Allyanna Nicole R.
Address: 24 Arcadio Street. Bisig ng Kabataan, Sangandaan Caloocan City
Date of Birth: December 10, 2000
College:
Senior High School:

Manila Central University, March 2019
Junior High School:

Casa De Soleil Child Dev. Center, April 2017
Elementary School:
Casa De Soleil Child Dev. Center, June 2013

Name: Pio Roda, Jhoanne Rheinalene C
Address: 172 Ipil Alley Bagong Barrio Caloocan City
Date of Birth: September 28, 1999
College:
Senior High School:

AMA Computer College Fairview Campus, April 2019
Junior High School:

Batasan Hills National High School, April 2017
Elementary School:
Morning Breeze Elementary School, Caloocan City, April 2013

Name: Ramos, Eiji H.
Address: 105 P. Bonifacio Street Samson road Caloocan City
Date of Birth: May 16, 2000
College:
Senior High School:

Saint Gabriel Academy - Caloocan City, April 2019
Junior High School:

Tala High School, April 2017
Elementary School:
Bagong Silang Elementary School, Caloocan City, April 2013

Name: Sambilay, Nicolite C.
Address: 170 Lakas ng Mahirap Caloocan City
Educational Attainment:
College:
Senior High School:

Junior High School:

Elementary School:
Libis Talisay Elementary School, April 2013

Name: Viray, Darr Jenryll G.
Address:67 Proverbs st. Phase 3D Sto.Nino Meyc, Bulacan
Date of Birth: October 8, 2001
College:
Senior High School:

St. Mary’s Academy of Sto.Nino - Meycauayan City, April 2019
Junior High School:

St. Mary’s Academy of Sto.Nino - Meycauayan City, April 2017
Elementary School:
Perez Elementary School - Meycauayan City, April 2013

Name: Yambot, Rizza Joy M.
Address: 223 Gonzales Street Caloocan City, Metro Manila.
College:
Senior High School:

Junior High School:

Caloocan High School, April 2017
Elementary School:
Gregoria de Jesus Elementary School, April 2013

Name: Yu, Mark Lui S.
Address: 046 Somera Street Caloocan City
Date of Birth: October 11, 1996
College:
Junior High School:

Corinthian School, 2012
Elementary School:
Sta. Quiteria Elementary School, 2007

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UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY

DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT

TRAVEL MOTIVATORS AND CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY

A Research Paper Presented to the faculty of

College of Business and Accountancy

University of Caloocan City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

Alvarez, John Kyle

Ganituen, Louise Nicole A.

Gaspar, Justine Rose P.

Lim, Allyanna Nicole R.

Pio Roda, Jhoanne Rheinalene C.

Viray, Darr Jenryll G.

Yambot, Rizza Joy M.

Yu, Mark Lui S.

RECOMMENDATION FOR FINAL EXAMINATION

This is to certify that this research study titled “TRAVEL MOTIVATORS

Dr. ELOISA P. MACKAY

Dr. Ruel S. Bunag Dr. Janette Aguilar

Dr. Ruiz Sagutin Marian

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science

Dr. Eloisa P. Mackay

Malapitan forgiving us the opportunity to study and be educated at the University of

assisted us in PWD Organization in Navotas. To Ms. Cora Manganaan of the Red

being ourselves at all times. (Snoop Dogg, 2018)

ENCOUNTERED BY THE PEOPLE WITH PHYSICAL

DISABILITIES TOWARDS ACCESSIBLE TOURISM: BASIS

FOR A TRAVEL GUIDEBOOK

Researchers: JOHN KYLE ALVAREZ, LOUISE NICOLE A. GANITUEN,

JUSTIN ROSE P. GASPAR, ALLYANNA NICOLE R. LIM.

JHOANNE RHEINALENE C. PIO RODA, EIJI H. RAMOS,

NICOLITE C. SAMBILAY, DARR JENRYLL G. VIRAY. RIZZA

JOY M. YAMBOT, MARK LUI S. YU

Degree : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT

Professor : DR. ELOISA P. MACKAY

School : UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY

Accessible tourism, also known as inclusive tourism or disability tourism,

are accessible to people with disabilities and other mobility impairments.

Accessible tourism involves creating an environment that can be enjoyed by all

people, regardless of their physical or sensory abilities. This includes making

public spaces, transportation systems, accommodations, and attractions more

accessible and user-friendly.

Some examples of accessible tourism initiatives include the installation of

tolerant society. It also represents a significant market opportunity for the

motivators and Challenges Encountered by People with Physical Disabilities

Towards Accessible Tourism.

future researchers for them to know or to understand more, what is Motivators

and Challenges Encountered by People with Physical Disabilities Towards

Physical Disabilities in CAMAVA. The Instrument that we use is the survey

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES

Population and Sampling……………………………………....44

Statistical Treatment of Data………………………………………..45

CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATIONS, ANAYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Demographic of The Respondents…………………………………48

Assistance when Travelling……………………………………..51

Challenge Frequency Experienced by the Respondents……55

CHAPTER V: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

This chapter includes the introduction, Background of the Study,