Assignment #1 in Rizal

Give at least 5 descriptions of the following. Each description must be written in one sentence only yet it
should be substantially well informed.

Scoring: The weight of this SW is 30 pts. Only the Missing (less than 5) and Wrong descriptions will be
counted and be deducted from 30 pts. The difference will be the score. (W-MD-WD=Score)

DECADENT CONDITIONS OF THE PHILIPPINES UNDER SPANISH COLONIZATION

A. Unstable Spanish Administration (DI-MATATAG NA ADMINISTRASYONG KOLONYAL)

1. The instability of Spanish Politics since the turbulent reign of King Ferdinand Vll (1808-1803)
marked the beginning of political chaos in Spain.
2. This political instability in Spain adversely affected the Philippine affairs because it brought
about frequent periodic shifts in colonial policies and periodic regodon of corrupt officials.
3. 1835-1897: 50 Governor-Generals each serving an average term of only one year and three
months.
4. The Philippine economy politics fails because of the time-to-time changes of Governador
Heneral.
5. Frequent shift of policies owning to struggle between Liberalism and Despotism.
B. Corrupt Officials (TIWALING OPISYAL NG KOLONYA)
1. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo (1871-1873)- a boastful and ruthless general who ordered the
execution of Father Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora.
2. Admiral Jose Malcamp- was a good Moro Fighter, but was an inept and weak administrator.
3. General Fernando Primo de Revera (1880-83 and 1897-98)- Governor general for two terms,
enriched himself by accepting bribes from gambling casinos in Manila which he scandalously
permitted to operate.
4. General Valeriano Weyler (1896-97)- a cruel and corrupt Governor general of Hispanic-
Germany ancestry, arrived in Manila a poor man and returned to Spain as a millionaire.
5. General Camilo de Polavieja (1896-97)- an able militarist but heartless Governor general,
was widely detested by the Filipino people for executing Dr. Jose Rizal.
C. Representation to Spanish Cortes (REPRESENTASYON NG PILIPINAS SA CORTES
1. To win the support of her overseas colonies during the Napoleonic invasion, Spain granted
them representation in the Cortes (Spanish parliament).
2. Accordingly, the Philippines experienced her first period of representation in the Cortes
from 1810 to 1813.
3. Ventura de los Reyes- The first Philippine delegate who took active part in the framing of the
Constitution 1812.
4. Naalis ang representasyon ng mga kolonya ng Espanya kasama ang Pilipinas sa Spanish
Cortes noong 1837 sumama lalo ang kondisyon ng Pilipinas.
5. Graciano Lopez Jaena – isa sa mga nangunguna sa pagprotesta sa mga Kastila na magkaroon
muli ng Pilipinong delegato sa Spanish Cortes.

D. Denial of the Human Rights to the Filipinos (PAGKAKAIT NG MGA KARAPATANG PANTAO SA
MGA PILIPINO)
1. Since the adaptation of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 and other constitutions in
succeeding years the people of Spain enjoyed freedom of speech, freedom of the press,
freedom of association, and other human rights (except freedom of religion).
2. The Spanish authorities who cherished these human rights in Spain denied them to the
Filipinos in Asia.
3. Ikinatutuwa at binibigyang halaga talaga ng mga tao sa Espanya and kanilang Kalayaan
maliban sa relihiyon.
4. Ngunit hindi nila ito pinayagan o binigay sa mga Pilipino sa Asia.
5. Sinibaldo de mas (Kastilang diplomat at economist)
E. Inequality before the law (WALANG PAGKAKAPANTAY-PANTAY SA PAGPAPATUPAD NG
BATAS)
1. Spaniards arrogantly regarded the brown skinned Filipinos as inferior beings.
2. Spanish Penal Code, which was enforced in the Philippines, particularly imposed heavier
penalties on Native Filipinos or mestizos and lighter penalties on white-complexioned
Spaniards.
3. Leyes de Indias (Laws of the Indies) rarely enforced.
4. Ang batas daw ay para sa mga puting espanyol lamang.
5. Noong ipinakilala ng mga Kastilang misyonero ang Kristiyanidad sa Pilipinas noong mga
1600’s tinuro nila na pantay- pantay ang tingin ng Panginoon sa lahat ng tao kahit
magkakaiba lahat. Dahil dito maraming Pilipino ang naging interesado sa pagiging Kristiyano.
F. Corrupt enforcement of the justice system (TIWALING PAGPAPATUPAD NG SISTEMA SA
HUSTISYA)
1. The courts of justice were notoriously corrupt.
2. Judges, Fiscals, and court officials were inept, venal, and oftentimes ignorant of law.
3. Justice was costly, partial, and slow.
4. Poor Filipinos has no access to the courts.
5. To the Filipino masses, litigation I court was a calamity.
G. Racial Discrimination (DISKRIMINASYON NG MGA LAHI)
1. Lack of opportunities for educated young Filipinos to rise in the service of God and Country.
2. Spaniards derisively called brown-skinned and flat nosed Filipinos “Indios” (Indians).
3. Spain introduced Christianity’s egalitarian concept of BROTHERHOOD OF ALL MEN under
GOD THE FATEHR, but the Filipinos were regarded as inferior beings underserving of rights
enjoyed by the Spaniards.
4. Filipinos as inferior beings who were infinitely underserving of the rights and privileges that
the white Spaniards enjoyed.
5. Ang isang tao, kahit wala namang alam o masama ang kanyang ugali, basta kastila at
mestizo, ay may mataas na lebel sa komunidad.
H. Frailocracy (PAGHAHARI NG MGA PRAYLE)
1. Fiars (Augustinians, Dominicans, and Franciscans)- controlled the religious and educational
life of the Philippines and later in the 19 th century they came to acquire tremendous political
power, influence, and riches.
2. Fiars controlled government from governor general down to alcaldes mayores;
3. Fiars exercise priestly duties, supervise, electrons, inspector of books and taxes, arbiter of
morals, censor of books and comedias, superintendent of public works and guardian of
peace and order.
4. Ang mga prayle ang siya ring superbisor sa mga eleksyong lokal.
5. Dahil sa pilosopiyang political ng Espanya hinggil sa union ng Simbahan at Estado, sumibol
ang natatanging anyo ng Espanyol napamahalaan sa Pilipinas na kung tawagin ay
Frailocracia. Tinawag sa ganitong ngalan dahil ito ay “pamahalaan ng mga prayle”.
I. Forced Labor (SAPILITANG PAGGAWA
1. (Polo Y servico) compulsory labor imposed by the Spanish colonial authorities on adult
Filipino males in the construction of churches, schools, hospitals, buildings, ropes, and
bridges, ships etc.
2. Filipino males from 16 to 60 years old obliged to render forced to labor for 40 days in a year.
3. Wealthy ones were able to evade forced labor by paying Falla, a sum of money.
4. Spaniards were not drafted to forced labor, contrary to law, while the Filipino polistas
received only a part of two pesetas (50 centavos) or worse nothing at all.
5. Distributed the Indios’ work in the farm and shops and separate them from their families.
J. Ownership of Haciendas by the Friars (MGA ASYENDANG PAG AARI NG MGA PRAYLE
1. Rizal in his “Indolence of the Filipinos” in substance opined that Friars ownership of the best
agricultural tract of land contributed to the stagnation of economy.
2. In 1768, Governor Anda recommends to the Madrid government the sale of friar state.
3. In 18887, Rizal initiate agrarian reforms.
4. Friars owned the best Haciendas and the folks filling these lands even before the coming of
Spaniards became tenants- resulted in bloody agrarian in 1745-1746.
5. Rizal tried to initiate the agrarian reform in 1877 but in vain, ignited the wrath of Dominican
Friars who retailed by raising land rentals.
K. Guardia Civil (MGA GUARDIAS CIVILES)
1. Both officers and men were ill-trained and undisciplined.
2. Rizal's Noli exposed the guardian civil through Elias as bunch of ruthless ruffians, good only
for disturbing the peace and persecuting honest men.
3. The Guardia Civil was introduced to the Philippines by the Spanish colonial government in
1868, during the term of Governor-General Carlos María de la Torre y Navacerrada.
4. The purpose of maintaining internal peace and order in the Philippines but later became
infamous for their rampant abuses.
5. Created by Royal Decree of February 12, 1852; Maltreatment, abuse, robbers, and rapists.

CANDIDATES IN THE SELECTION OF BECOMING A NATIONAL HERO ASIDE FROM RIZAL

L. Marcelo H. Del Pilar

1. Marcelo H. del Pilar was a Filipino writer also popularly known by his pseudonym Plaridel.
2. Del Pilar worked extensively in Malolos on his anti-friar movement. He pointed out how
the friars were misusing the taxpayers' money and inflating baptismal fees.
3. According to the findings of historian Renato Constantino, del Pilar is believed to be the
mastermind of Katipunan, a revolutionary organization.
4. In 1882, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Pascual H. Poblete, and Basilio Teodoro Moran founded
'Diariong Tagalog,' a bilingual newspaper. Del Pilar was the editor of the newspaper and
translated a few important works of some of the popular Filipino nationalists like José
Rizal.
5. It is believed that del Pilar wrote the manifesto 'Viva España! Viva el Rey! Viva el Ejército!
FueralosFrailes!' that was presented to the queen regent of Manila. The
manifesto described the atrocities, crimes, and tortures committed by the friars and
demanded their expulsion from the Philippines.
M. Graciano Lopez Jaena

1. Graciano Lopez Jaena subsequently become very well known for addressing the injustices
that occurred amongst the Filipino people. His first attempt at addressing problems in local
society was through a story entitled "Fray Botod."
2. Jaena is recognized as being an integral part of the Philippine Revolution. This revolution,
which is also known as the Tagalog War, helped to release the Philippines from Spanish rule.
3. Jaena along with two other propagandists are instrumental for their works with the Filipino
people.
4. Jaena is recognized as being an integral part of the Philippine Revolution.
5. Graciano Lopez Jaena helped to spur this revolution with his variety of literary works that
helped to create the need and desire for independence.
N. Antonio Luna
1. General Antonio Luna was a Filipino army general, who fought in the Philippine-American
War
2. Regarded as one of the fiercest generals of his time, he succeeded Artemio Ricarte as Chief
of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
3. He became one of the Filipino expatriates who mounted the Propaganda Movement and
wrote for La Solidaridad, headed by Galicano Apacible.
4. He wrote a piece titled Impressions which dealt with Spanish customs and idiosyncrasies
under the pen name "Taga-ilog"
5. He organized professional guerrilla soldiers later to be known as the "Luna Sharpshooters"
and the "Black Guard". His three-ti er defense, now known as the Luna Defense
Line, gave the American troops a hard campaign in the provinces north of Manila.
O. Emilio Jacinto
1. Emilio Jacinto was an eloquent and brave young man, known as both the soul and the brain
of the Katipunan.
2. Jacinto helped to lead the fight for Filipino independence from Spain.
3. Jacinto became a general in the group's guerrilla army, taking an active role in the fight
against the Spanish near Manila at the age of 21.
4. His eloquent words and humanist touch served as a counter-balance to the blunt
ruthlessness of revolutionaries.
5. He laid out principles for the new government envisioned by Bonifacio; in the end, however,
neither man would survive to see the Spanish overthrown.