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    The Four Phases of Language Planning

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    the four phases of language planning are divided into selection, codification, implementation, and acceptance.

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    The Four Phases of Language Planning

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    Ronalyn Clor
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    the four phases of language planning are divided into selection, codification, implementation, and acceptance.

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    the four phases of language planning

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    the four phases of language planning are divided into selection, codification, implementation, and acceptance.

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    The Four Phases of Language Planning

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    Ronalyn Clor
    the four phases of language planning are divided into selection, codification, implementation, and acceptance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    the four phases of language planning

    Planning in a language can have an impact on an individual's or a society's language. In language


    planning, according to Fatima (2022), the resources can be anyone; these could be the government,
    individuals, or even academies and committees. According to the article "Theories of Language Planning,"
    published by ebrary.net (n.d.), modern research on language planning emerged in the 1950s from
    American sociolinguistics. Einar Haugen, a pioneer in the field who created the idea of language planning,
    was one of its creators. Some goals of language planning include preventing language death, standardizing
    and modernizing the language, and achieving social, political, and economic benefits for a country,
    according to Fatima (2022).

    Based on the article written by Nkopuruk (2018), language planning has three dimensions: corpus
    planning, status planning, and acquisition planning. In his study, he stated that corpus planning is
    concerned with the internal structure of a language. He also added that it involves making changes to the
    linguistic code and the creation of grammar and dictionaries for a selected language. Furthermore, from the
    study of Amin (n.d.), he argued that corpus planning generally involves planners with greater linguistic
    expertise, primarily administrators and politicians. It also creates new words and expressions and can
    change the old words to have a new meaning; some examples of this are the changes in syntax, the type of
    vocabulary used, the orthography, and the change of lexicon. Typical activities of corpus planning include
    devising a writing system for spoken language, initiating spelling reforms, and publishing grammar books
    (Nkopuruk, 2018).

    Status planning, on the other hand, is the process of allocating the function of a language in a
    society that involves the allocation of languages to official roles in different domains (Nkopuruk, 2018; Amin,
    n.d.). Furthermore, Fatima (2022) added that social and political status will be given to the language
    through status planning. Acquisition planning, according to Nkopuruk (2018), involves efforts to spread and
    promote the learning of languages. However, according to the study by Amin (n.d.), acquisition planning
    aims to influence aspects of language, such as language status, distribution, and literacy, through
    education. It was integrated into the larger language planning process. It can be used to promote language
    revitalization or linguistic purism. In Haugen’s language planning model, there are four processes or stages:

    (1) Selection
    (2) Codification
    (3) Implementation
    (4) Elaboration

    Selection is the first step in the language policy. Amin (n.d.) explained that it is the process of
    selecting a variety of a language to be developed and become a standard language. Language planners
    must consider some aspects of the words when choosing or adopting them from the country, such as
    English and Arabic words. They should be simple, prestigious, and easy to remember.

    The second step is the process of increasing the uniformity of a language by making it more similar
    to another language in terms of its structural or linguistic features; this is codification. Codification seeks to
    codify pronunciation and vocabulary in order to provide a set of standards for standard use, Fatima (2022).

    The third step should be used in manufacturing, books, education, administration, and so on.
    According to Fatima (2022), this process is the implementation of the requirement that all government
    publications, news, and educational materials be written in the language of choice. Furthermore, she also
    added that the standard of language that is selected must be regarded as the best in the speech
    community. Elaboration is the third step, which refers to the need for a code of language that has been
    codified but that needs to be elaborated or socialized. The government plays a significant part in this
    elaboration by utilizing the language in legislatures, courts, educational institutions, and other settings; this
    idea is stated in the article written by Amin (n.d.).

    Elaboration is the third step, which refers to the need for a code of language that has been codified
    but that needs to be elaborated or socialized. The government plays a significant part in this elaboration by
    utilizing the language in legislatures, courts, educational institutions, and other settings; this idea is stated
    in the article written by Amin (n.d.).
    It is important to choose a language that will be used as a medium of instruction in the classroom. In
    education, "language planning" refers to practices that influence the way that language is taught, used, and
    acquired in classrooms. The importance of language in concerns of migration, globalization, cultural
    diversity, nation-building, education, and ethnic identity is reflected in the resurging academic field of
    language planning, Ferguson (2022). It involves the formation and implementation of a policy intended to
    dictate and/or affect the language(s) that will be used in various spheres of society or education.

    Amin, F. M. (n.d.). Language Dimension (Status Planning and Acquisition Planning).


    https://www.academia.edu/4353534/LANGUAGE_PLANNING#:~:text=Selection%20is%20refers%20to%20
    the,social%2C%20politic%20or%20trading%20purposes.

    Fatima, R. (2022). Language Planning. Fajar Magazine https://www.fajarmag.com/language-


    planning/

    Ferguson, G. (2022). Language Planning and Education. Edinburgh University Press.


    https://doi.org/10.1515/9780748626588

    Nkopuruk, I. (2018). Status Planning, Corpus Planning and Acquisition Planning: Detailed Discourse
    with Examples from Two African Countries-Tanzania and Bokina Faso.
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327541764_Status_Planning_Corpus_Planning_and_Acquisition_
    Planning_Detailed_Discourse_with_Examples_from_Two_African_Countries-Tanzania_and_Bokina_Faso

    Theories of Language Planning. Ebrary.net. (n.d.).


    https://ebrary.net/75176/business_finance/theories_language_planning

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