MACRO OF LINGUISTIC

Submitted to fulfill individual Courses Introduction of linguistic

Semester IV

Supporting lecturer:

HANITA OKTAVIANI S.ST.Par., M.Pd.

Arranged by:

SITI NURBAITI

SRI REZEKI WAHYU NINGSIH

TARBIYAH DEPARTMENT

ENGLISH TADRIC STUDY PROGRAM

ISLAMIC HIGH SCHOOL OF MEMPAWAH (STAIM)

2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I...............................................................................................................................

PRELIMINARY..........................................................................................................................

A. Background.............................................................................................................................

CHAPTER II................................................................................................................................

Discussion....................................................................................................................................

A.Macro linguistics......................................................................................................................

B.study of Macro linguistics........................................................................................................

CHAPTER III CLOSING.........................................................................................................

A.CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................

B.REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................
FOREWORD

Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh

Praise the presence of Allah SWT for all His mercy so that this paper can be
compiled to completion. Do not forget or express gratitude for the assistance
of those who have contributed by giving contributions in the form of material
thoughts.

We hope that this paper can add knowledge and experience to the readers. In
fact, not only that, I hope further that this paper readers will practice it in their
daily lives.

We are aware that there are still many shortcomings in the preparation of this
paper, due to my limited knowledge and experience. For that I really look
forward to criticism and constructive suggestions from readers for the
perfection of this paper.

Mempawah,22 Maret 2021

Compiler
CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

A. Background

Language is part of what makes us human. Language is more than just the
words people use to talk. It also helps define the ways we relate to each other, and
how we interpret the world around us. It allows human kind to communicate to
one another about past, present, future or hypothetical events. It also benefits us
from learning of dangers from outside the community.
Linguistics is still considered difficult by most humans. Whereas Linguistics
is general in nature which only studies a single language, but studies the ins and
outs of language in general. This is due to the fact that general linguistics is an
important communicative medium of communication.

The above problems need to be resolved immediately, one of the things that
can be taken is to present a paper on General Linguistic Scientists. In general, this
paper can be categorized into a large part, namely the beginning in the form of a
discussion of linguistic scientific objects in language and the final section
discussing the structure and history of linguistics. . as well as presenting the
historical scientific structure of Linguistics until now has not been found much.
CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Macro Linguistics
"The branch of linguistics that deals with language and related
extra-language phenomena as a whole; (sometimes) specifically the
statistical analysis of large-scale linguistic phenomena "(Oxford
Dictionary)
In contrast to Micro Linguistics, Macro Linguistics examines the
relationship of language at the level of the external world, whether it is
relations with nature, social, or a scientific discipline. Therefore, Macro
linguistic studies are broad and external. Macro linguistics examines the
activities of language in other fields, such as economics and history.
Language is used as a tool to see language from an outside point of view.
The fields of macro linguistics include sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics,
anthropolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, stylistics, philology, dialectology,
philosophy of language, and neurolinguistics.
a. Sociolinguistics: an interdisciplinary study that studies the
relationship and / or influence of culture on a language used. In this
case, language is closely related to the community of a region as a
subject or actor of language as a means of communication and
interaction between one group and another.
b. Psycholinguistics: an interdisciplinary study that examines the
relationship between language and mental (psyco), including how
humans acquire and use language itself. Harley (in Dardjowidjojo,
2003: 7) argues that psycholinguistics is the study of mental-
mental processes in language use. Before using language, a
language speaker must first acquire the language.
c. Anthropolinguistics: The study of humans and culture as a whole.
On the one hand, humans are the creators of culture, on the other
hand, the culture that "creates" people. Cultural Linguistics treats
language as a phenomenon whose meaning can only be understood
as a whole if it is linked to the culture of the speakers.
d. Stylistics: Science that studies the language used in literary forms.
So, stylistics is an interdisciplinary science between linguistics and
literature.
e. Philology: The study of language in written historical sources,
which is a combination of literary, historical, and linguistic
criticism. It is more often defined as the study of literary texts and
written records, establishing their authenticity and authenticity of
their formation and determining their meaning. Philology is also
the study of manuscript texts, usually from ancient times.
f. Philosophy of Language: Science combined between linguistics
and philosophy. This science investigates the nature and position of
language as a human activity and the conceptual and theoretical
foundations of linguistics. Philosophy of language is divided into
philosophy of ideal language and philosophy of everyday
language. Philosophy of language is a theory of language that has
been successfully put forward by philosophers, while they are on
the way to understanding conceptual knowledge. Philosophy of
language is the effort of philosophers to understand conceptual
knowledge through understanding language
g. Dialectology: The knowledge of dialect. The branch of linguistics
that studies isolect differences (the means of communication of a
speech society but its status has not been determined) by treating
these differences as a whole.
h. Neurolinguistics: It is a study that seeks to understand the work of
the brain to process language activities as psycholinguistics, but the
focus is different. Neurolinguistics is more concerned with
understanding language difficulties or language disorders, which
include speaking, listening, reading, writing and sign language
activities that interfere with communication skills (Lauder, 2005:
238). Neurolinguistics can be traced to the background of the
subject experiencing autism, that is, there is damage to the nervous
system which makes the ability to remember experiencing
limitations.
i. Paleography: The branch of linguistics that studies language in
relation to the description of ancient writings, especially those of
the Middle Ages (interpretation of ancient writings).
j. Semiotics: The branch of linguistics that studies language in
relation to symbols / symbols. Etc.

B. STUDY OF MACRO LINGUISTICS

Included in the study of Macro linguistics is the field of applied
linguistics, which is applied studies that attempt to study language to be
applied to other worlds. Included in the applied field are:
1. Medical Linguistics: also known as Language Pathology is a field
of applied linguistics that includes language disabilities, and so on.
Medical linguistics is also called language pathology.
2. Educational Linguistics: Known as pedagogical linguistics. Is a
branch of applied linguistics concerned with increasing the
efficiency of language teaching by providing comprehensive
descriptions of basic processes and by using adequate teaching
methods.
3. Forensic Linguistics: Also called Forensic Linguistics is a branch
of applied linguistics that deals with law. Forensic linguistics is
used to investigate crimes where part of the evidence is in the form
of language data.
4. Lexicography: A branch of applied linguistics that includes
methods and techniques for composing dictionaries.
5. Translation: The field of applied linguistics includes methods and
techniques for transferring messages from one language to another.
The main purpose of translation is to produce a translation that is as
close as possible to the original text.
6. Applied Sociolinguistics: The field of applied linguistics studies the
application / use of language in social communication.
7. Graphology: The linguistic study of the symbol system used to
convey language messages in written form. Graphology specializes
in what types of symbols are chosen to form a written system, how
many symbols are used to transfer language sounds into written
form, how the rules for using those symbols can be used to write
spoken language.
8. Language Teaching: The field of applied linguistics that studies
languages for the benefit of the language teaching and learning
process, both mother tongue and foreign language.
9. Mechanolinguistics: Also called (computational linguistics) is the
field of applied linguistics which includes the use of linguistics for
computer science and attempts to create machine translation; make
use of computers in language research.
10. Language development: The field of applied linguistics that studies
language so that language speakers are aware and obey the
prevailing rules.
CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. Conclusion

In contrast to Micro Linguistics, Macro Linguistics examines the

relationship of language at the level of the external world, whether it is

relations with nature, social, or a scientific discipline. Therefore, Macro

linguistic studies are broad and external. Macro linguistics examines the

activities of language in other fields, such as economics and history.

Language is used as a tool to see language from an outside point of view.

The fields of macro linguistics include sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics,

anthropolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, stylistics, philology, dialectology,

philosophy of language, and neurolinguistics.

Microlinguistics is a branch of linguistics that concerns itself with

the study of language systems in the abstract, without regard to the

meaning or notional content of linguistic expressions. In micro-linguistics,

language is reduced to the abstract mental elements of syntax and

phonology. It contrasts with macro-linguistics, which includes meanings,

and especially with sociolinguistics, which studies how language and

meaning function within human social systems. The term micro-linguistics

was first used in print by George L. Trager, in an article published in 1949

in Studies in Linguistics: Occasional Papers

BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://doodlenetwork.wordpress.com/

Surya, (13 juni 2017). Macro Linguistics, https://suryamd.blogspot.com/