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    Rizal Lecture 2

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    hazelakiko torres
    Jose Rizal was a Filipino nationalist hero who lived during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. The document provides background on Rizal's life and upbringing, including being born in 1861 in Calamba, Laguna to a wealthy family. It discusses Rizal's extensive education and travels abroad, as well as his roles as a writer, doctor, and advocate for reform which made him a threat to Spanish rule. The document also summarizes the economic and social conditions in the Philippines during the time period, including policies of forced labor and discrimination that Rizal opposed.

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    Rizal Lecture 2

    Uploaded by

    hazelakiko torres
    495 views6 pages
    Jose Rizal was a Filipino nationalist hero who lived during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. The document provides background on Rizal's life and upbringing, including being born in 1861 in Calamba, Laguna to a wealthy family. It discusses Rizal's extensive education and travels abroad, as well as his roles as a writer, doctor, and advocate for reform which made him a threat to Spanish rule. The document also summarizes the economic and social conditions in the Philippines during the time period, including policies of forced labor and discrimination that Rizal opposed.

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    Jose Rizal was a Filipino nationalist hero who lived during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. The document provides background on Rizal's life and upbringing, including being born in 1861 in Calamba, Laguna to a wealthy family. It discusses Rizal's extensive education and travels abroad, as well as his roles as a writer, doctor, and advocate for reform which made him a threat to Spanish rule. The document also summarizes the economic and social conditions in the Philippines during the time period, including policies of forced labor and discrimination that Rizal opposed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    495 views6 pages

    Rizal Lecture 2

    Uploaded by

    hazelakiko torres
    Jose Rizal was a Filipino nationalist hero who lived during the 19th century under Spanish colonial rule. The document provides background on Rizal's life and upbringing, including being born in 1861 in Calamba, Laguna to a wealthy family. It discusses Rizal's extensive education and travels abroad, as well as his roles as a writer, doctor, and advocate for reform which made him a threat to Spanish rule. The document also summarizes the economic and social conditions in the Philippines during the time period, including policies of forced labor and discrimination that Rizal opposed.

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    Life and Works of National Hero Dr.

    Jose Rizal Lecture 2 ©Rocky2022

    “To foretell the destiny of a nation, it is necessary to open the book that tells of her past.”
    (Translated from Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años, 1890)
    -Jose Rizal
    Content:
    • 19th Century Philippine Setting (Economic policies and social structure)
    • Who is Rizal?
    • Rizal’s birth and genealogy
    • Rizal’s childhood (stories, anecdotes and early education)

    19th Century Philippine Setting


    These are the different economic policies and situation during the late Spanish government in the
    Philippines.

    1) The end of Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade System (1565-1815)


    The so-called Manila Galleon (“Nao de China” or “Nao de Acapulco”) is a maritime
    trade route from east to west (vice versa), wherein they brought different materials
    (porcelain, spices, silk, and raw materials) to trade with the other nations.

    2) The Opening of Suez Canal


    It was start to build in April 25, 1859, under the initiation of French Diplomat Ferdinand
    de Lesseps. The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting
    Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. In 1869, when the Suez Canal was first opened.

    3) Polo y servicios (Force labor)


    Also known as polo, it was compulsory labor imposed by the Spanish colonial authorities
    on adult Filipino males (age from 16-60 yrs old) fored labor for 40 days a year, to
    construct of churches, school, hospitals, building, roads, bridges and other public works.

    4) Bandala system
    It is a system implemented by Spanish authorities in the Philippines that required native
    Filipino farmers to sell their goods to the government in a low price.

    5) Frailocracy
    It is referring to the government of friars, who used their power to control the religious
    and educational life of the Philippines.

    6) Maladministration of Justice & Racial Discrimination


    It is referring to the slow judicial procedure and poor access of justice system for the poor
    Filipinos. It is also part of the discrimination for social part of society and prejudice
    perception for being a Filipino.

    1
    Social Structure

    a. Peninsulares – Fully blood Spaniards who choose to lived in the colony


    b. Insulares – Fully blood Spaniards which born in the colony
    c. Creoles or Mestiso – Half blood Spaniards
    c.d.e. Ilustrado – referring to a Filipino/half blood Filipino/Mestiso de Sangley who
    study abroad and havde a formal education in Spain (Europe)
    d. Sangley – Chinese merchant who chose to lived in the colony
    e. Indio - Full blood Filipino
    e.1. Principalia – Filipino who accept the Catholicism
    e.2. Masses – Indigenous Filipinos

    Who is Jose Rizal?


     Agriculturist
     Artist (Cartoonist, painter, and sculptor)
     Doctor (Ophthalmologist)
     Educator (Teacher)
     Hero
     Linguist and Translator
     Scientist & Naturalist
     Traveller
     Writer (Essayist, poet and novelist)

    Rizal’s Birth
    Born: June 19, 1861 (Wednesday), near in the lakeshore town in Calamba, Laguna
    Between 11 and midnight
    Baptized: June 22, 1861

    2
    Parish Priest: Rev. Rufino Collantes (Batangueño)
    Godfather: Rev. Pedro Casanas (Calamba)

    Real name: Jose Rizal Mercado (based on his Birth Certificate)


    Jose – in honor of St. Joseph
    Protacio – in honor of St. Protacio a patron in June 19
    Rizal – was given by a Spanish alcalde mayor of Laguna which means “green rice field”
    Mercado – adopted in 1731 by his great grandfather Domingo Lamco which mean
    “market”
    y – and
    Alonzo – surname of his Mother Doña Teodora
    Realonda – new surname of his mother given by her godmother

    Rizal’s Family & Genealogy


    Father’s side Genealogy

    Francisco Mercado
    (1818-1898)

    -aka Don Kikoy


    -Born: May 11, 1818 in Biñan, Laguna
    -Educational Background: Studied Latin and Philosophy at the Colegio de San Jose in Manila
    -Occupation: Tenant-farmer & Businessman
    -Death: January 5, 1898 at age of 80

    3
    Mother’s side Genealogy

    Teodora Alonso
    (1826-1911)
    -aka Doña Teodora/Lolay
    -Born: Nov. 8, 1826 in Manila
    - Educational Background: Studied at College of Santa Rosa
    -Occupation: House wife
    -Death: August 16, 1911 at age of 85

    Rizal’s Brother and Sisters


    Saturnina Mercado (1850-1913)
    Saturnina Mercado-Hidalgo aka “Neneng,” was born in 1818 and was the eldest sister of Jose
    Rizal. She had five children together with husband Manuel T. Hidalgo and died the same year as
    her mother in 1913.

    Paciano Mercado (Rizal) (1851-1930)


    General Paciano Mercado aka "Lolo Ciano" was the only brother of Jose Rizal. He was born in
    1851 and studied in Biñan later attending school at the Colegio de San Jose in Manila. After the
    execution of his brother, he joined in the Philippine Revolution where he rose up to the ranks of
    a General. He later married Severina Decena of Los Banos and had two children of which one
    died at an early age. Paciano passed away in 1930.

    Narcisa Mercado (1852-1939)


    Narcisa Mercado-Lopez aka Sisa, was born in 1852 and was the one who found the unmarked
    grave of her brother, Jose in the abandoned Old Paco Cemetery. Narcisa married Antonio Lopez
    who was a teacher and musician from Morong, Rizal. She died in 1938.

    4
    Olympia Mercado (1855-1887)
    Olympia Mercado-Ubaldo aka Ypia, was born in 1855. She married Silvestre Ubaldo (telegraph
    operator) and together they had three children. She died in 1887 from childbirth when she was
    only 32 years old.

    Lucia Mercado (1857-1919)


    Lucia Mercado-Herbosa was born in 1857. She married Mariano Herbosa and had 5 children
    together. In 1889 Mariano died due to an epidemic but was denied a Christian burial. This was
    due to the fact that he was the brother in law of Jose Rizal. This showed the beginning of the
    persecution of the Rizal family by Spanish friars. Lucia died in 1919.

    Maria Mercado (1859-1945)


    Maria Mercado-Cruz aka Biang, was born in 1855. She married to Daniel Faustino Cruz of
    Biñan, Laguna and together they had 5 children. Mauricio Cruz, one of Maria's children became
    a student of Jose Rizal in Dapitan and was known to be one of his uncle's favorites. Maria was a
    known recipient of many of Jose's letters during his lifetime. Maria died in 1945.

    Jose Rizal (1861-1896)

    Concepcion Mercado (1862-1865)


    Concepcion aka Concha, was born in 1862. Concepcion did not live very long as she died at the
    age of 3 in 1865.

    Josefa Mercado (1865-1945)


    Josefa Mercado aka Panggoy, was born in 1865. She was unmarried (spinster) lived together
    with sister Trinidad until death. Josefa was said to have suffered from epilepsy. She died in 1945
    at age of 80.

    Trinidad Mercado (1868-1951)


    Trinidad Mercado aka Trining, was born in 1868. She remained unmarried and lived together
    with her sister Josefa. Trinidad was the one who received an alcohol lamp from brother Jose, in
    which he secretly hid the "Last Farewell" better known as "Mi Ultimo Adios," a poem Rizal
    wrote on the eve of his death in 1896. Trinidad died in 1951, outliving all her siblings.

    Soledad Mercado (1870-1929)


    Soledad Mercado-Quintero aka Choleng, was born in 1870 making her the youngest of the Rizal
    siblings. She married Pantaleon Quintero and together they had 5 children. Soledad died in 1929.

    5
    Rizal’s Childhood
    Rizal’s Nanny: Yaya Aquilina
    Rizal’s moral stories: The Story of the moth and the myth of Bernardo Carpio
    Rizal’s dog: Usman / Barganza
    Rizal’s horse: Alipato
    Rizal’s Anecdote: The pair of sleepers and the sculpture of Napoleon Bonaparte

    Rizal’s early Education


    Rizal’s first Tutor: Doña Teodora
    Tutor: Maestro Celestino
    Maestro Lucas Padua
    Leon Monroy (former classmate of his father)
    First Teacher in Biñan: Maestro
    Justiniano Cruz

    Did Rizal wrote sa aking mga kabata? /


    kababata?

    References:
     Zaide, Gregorio F. and Sonia M. Zaide, Jose. Rizal: Life, Works, and Writings of a
    Genius, Writer, Scientist, and National Hero. 2nd Edition c2014.

     Coates, Austin. Rizal: Filipino Nationalist and Patriot c1992

     Nery, Imelda C. and Paul John G. Sion, The Life and Works of Jose Rizal c2019

     Guerrero, Leon Ma. The First Filipino: A biography of Jose Rizal, c1963

     Craig, Austin, Lineage life and labors of Jose Rizal: Philippine Patriot, c.1914

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