Republic of the Philippines

BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY

Clarin Campus
Poblacion Norte, Clarin, Bohol

Learning Module
on
Life, Works, and
Writings
of Rizal
(SEMI-FINAL AND FINAL MODULE)

Prepared by:

AGUSTINA B. MONTUYA, Ed. D.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
Introduction:

Study of Rizal's life, his works and writings, early school days in Calamba and
Biñan, triumphs in Ateneo and UST, Rizal's tour to Europe and America, Rizal's exile in
Dapitan, martyrdom at Bagumbayan; samples of Rizal's writings - Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibusterismo - and its implications on the condition, life, beliefs, hopes, desires, and
grievances of Filipinos.

After the end of the course, you will be able to:

A. Identify and explain the concepts related to Rizal - his biography, heroism and
national identity,
B. Appreciate the role of studying Rizal`s ideas such as the enhancement of
character, discipline, and civic conscience,
C. Infer from the hero's works as well as social, political, religious, cultural, and
educational ideas which are still relevant to the contemporary times,
D. Identify the strengths and weaknesses of Filipino characters based on the
attributes and values of Rizal, and
E. Realize and accept various social responsibilities as exemplified by Rizal and other
Filipino heroes.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
Table of Contents
Introduction
Table of Contents
Course Syllabus
Learning Unit 1. INTRODUCTION OF RIZAL COURSE
Lesson 1: The Rizal Law Rizal and his time
Lesson 2: Birth of a Hero
Lesson 3: Childhood Years in Calamba and Early Education in Calamba and Biñan
Lesson 4: Scholastic triumphs at Ateneo de Manila and Medical studies at the
University of Santo Tomas

Learning Unit 2. RIZAL’S TRIPS ABROAD

Lesson 1: Spain and Paris to Berlin
Lesson 2: Noli Me Tangere published in Berlin
Lesson 3: Rizal’s Gran Tour to Europe with Viola and Rizal’s First Homecoming
Lesson 4: In Hong Kong and Macao
Lesson 5: Romantic Interlude in Japan

Learning Unit 3. RIZAL’S OTHER SOJOURN IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

Lesson 1: Rizal’s visit to United States and London
Lesson 2: Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Paris and the Universal Exposition of 1889
Lesson 3: In Belgian Brussels and Misfortunes in Madrid
Lesson 4: Biarritz Vacation and Romance with Nelly Boustead

Learning Unit 4. OTHER SIGNIFICANT EVETS BEFORE RIZAL’S DEATH

Lesson 1: El Filibusterismo published in Ghent
Lesson 2: Ophthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong
Lesson 3: Second Coming and La Liga Filipina and b Exile in Dapitan
Lesson 4: Last Trip Abroad and Last Homecoming and Trial
Lesson 5: Martyrdom at Bagumabayan

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
Learning Unit 3: RIZAL’S OTHER SOJOURN IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

Lesson 1: Rizal’s visit to United States and London

I. Objectives

Describe Rizal’s impression about the United States;

Create a list of the main points of his letter entitled “Letter to the
Young Women of Malolos”;
 Create a symbol that would show the Philippine’s identity during
Rizal’s time; and
 Reflect on the relevance of identifying a country’s strengths and
weaknesses.
II. Time Frame: 3 hours
III. Values Integration: Love for National Identity

IV. Content
 April 28, 1888- the steamer Belgic, with Rizal on board, docked at San Francisco
on Saturday morning.
 May 4, 1888- Friday afternoon, the day Rizal was permitted to go ashore.
 Palace Hotel- Rizal registered here which was then considered a first-class hotel in
thecity.
 May 4 to 6, 1888- Rizal stayed in San Francisco for two days.
 May 6, 1888-Sunday, 4:30PM, Rizal left San Francisco forOakland.
 May 13, 1888-Sunday morning, Rizal reached New York, thus ending his trip
across the American continent.
 Rizal stayed three days in this city, which he called the “big town”.
 May 16, 1888- Rizal left New York for Liverpool on board the City of Rome.
According to Rizal, this steamer was “the second largest ship in the world, the
largest being the GreatEastern”.
 Rizal had good and bad impressions of the United States. The good impression
were (1)the material progress of the country as shown in the great cities, huge
farms, flourishing industries and busy factories (2) the drive and energy of the
American people (3) the natural beauty of the land (4) the high standard of living
(5) the opportunities for better life offered to poor immigrants.
 One bad impression Rizal had of America was the lack of racial equality. “America
is the land par excellence of freedom but only for the whites.”
RIZAL IN LONDON

After visiting the United States, Rizal lived in London from May, 1888 to March,
1889. He chose this English city to be his new home for three reasons: (1) to improve his
knowledge of the English language, (2) to study and annotate Morga’sSucesos de las
Islas Pilipinas, a rare copy of which he heard to be available in the British Museum, and
(3) London was a safe place for him to carry on his fight against Spanish tyranny.

In London:

 he engaged in Filipiniana studies,

 completed annotating Morga’s book,
 wrote many articles for La Solidaridad in defense of his people against Spanish
critics,
 penned a famous letter to the young women of Malolos,
 carried on his voluminous correspondence with Blumentritt and relatives, and
 Had romance with Gertrude Beckett.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
TRIP ACROSS THE ATLANTIC

 Rizal entertained the American and European passengers with his marvelous
skills in yo-yo as an offensive weapon.
 May 24, 1888- Rizal arrives at Liverpool. He stayed one day in this port city.
LIFE IN LONDON

 May 25, 1888- the day after docking at Liverpool, Rizal went to London. For a short
time, he stayed as a guest at the home of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, and exile of
1872 and a practicing lawyer in London.
 By the end of May, he found a modest boarding place at No. 37 Chalcot Crescent,
Primrose Hill. He was a boarder of the Beckett family.
 Rizal came to also know Dr. Reinhold Rost, the librarian of the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and an authority on Malayan languages and customs.
 Dr. Rost called Rizal, “a pearl of a man”.
NEWS FROM HOME, GOOD AND BAD

On the bad news, there are injustices committed by the Spanish authorities on the
Filipino people and the Rizal family. Among which were as follows:

1. Persecution of the Filipino patriots who signed the “Anti-Friar

Petition of 1888” which are presented by Doroteo Cortes, prominent
Mason and lawyer, to Jose Centeno,Civil Governor of the Provinve
of Manila, on March 1, 1888. This petition was signed by about 800
patriots and was actually written by M.H. del Pilar. It was addressed
to the Queen Regent of Spain requesting the expulsion of the friars,
including Archbishop Pedro Payo (Dominican) of Manila.
2. Persecution of the Calamba tenants, including Rizal’s family and
relatives, for their courage to petition the government for agrarian
reforms.
3. Furious attacks on Rizal by Senators Salamanca and Vida in the
Spanish Cortes and by Desengaños (Wenceslao E. Retana) and
Quioquiap (Pablo Feced) in Spanish newspapers.
4. Rizal’s brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgol, husband of Saturnina,
was exiled by Governor General Weyler to Bohol without due
process of law.
5. A friend of Rizal, LaureanoViado. A medical student at the University
of Sto. Tomas, was arrested and jailes in Bilibid prison because
copies of the Noli were found in his house.
One good news cheered Rizal, and that was Rev. Vicente Garcia’s defense of
the Noli against the attacks of the friars.

ANNOTATING MORGA’S BOOK

 The greatest achievement of Rizal in London was annotating Morga’s book,

Sucesos de las Islas Pilipinas which was published in Mexico, 1609.
 September 17, 1888- Rizal sent a letter to Blumentritt. He said, “Morga’s work
is an excellent book.”
 May 1888- March 1889- Rizal was deeply immersed in historical studies in
London.
 During which time, his compatriots in Spain were waging the crusade for
Philippine Reforms.
 Mariano Ponce, whom he had never yet met and who was living in Barcelona,
urged him to edit a newspaper which would defend the Filipino interests from
the scurrilous attacks of their Spanish detractors.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 October 12, 1888- Rizal wrote back to Ponce. He said, “I am dedicated day
and night to certain studies, so that I do not want to edit any newspapers.
SHORT VISIT TO PARIS AND SPAIN

 September 1888- he visited Paris for a week, in order to search for more
historical materials in the BibliothequeNationale.
 December 11, 1888- he went to Spain, visiting Madrid and Barcelona. He
contacted patriots and surveyed the political situation with regards to the
agitation for Philippine reforms.
 For the first time he met Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce—the two
titans of the Propaganda Movement.
CHRISTMAS IN LONDON

 December 24 when Rizal returned to London and spent Christmas and New
Year’s Day with the Becketts.
 To his friend Blumentritt, Rizal sent a Christmas gift a bust of Emperor
Augustus which he had made. This emperor was the ruler of the Roman
Empire when Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem.
 To another friend, Dr. Carlos Czepelak (a Polish scholar), he gave as
Christmas gift a bust of Julius Caesar.
 Rizal’s landlady, Mrs. Beckett gave a Christmas gift—a book entitled, “The Life
and Adventures of Valentine Vox, the Ventriloquist.
RIZAL BECOMES THE LEADER OF FILIPINOS IN EUROPE

 December 31, 1888- the Asociacion La Solidaridad was inaugurated. The

officers were: GalicanoApacible, President; Graciano Lopez Jaena, Vice
President; Manuel Santa Maria, Secretary; Mariano Ponce, Treasurer; and Jose
Maria Panganiban, accountant.
o By unanimous vote of all the members, Rizal was chosen as honorary
president.
 January 28, 1889- Rizal wrote a letter to the members of Asociation La
Solidaridad.
RIZAL AND THE LA SOLIDARIDAD NEWSPAPER

 February 15, 1889- Graciano Lopez Jaenafounded the patriotic newspaper

called La Solidaridad in Barcelona
 La Solidaridad-fortnightly periodical which served as the organ of the Propaganda
Movement
 I t s a im s we re as f o llo ws : (1) to work peacefully for political and social
reforms (2) to portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines so that
Spain may remedy them (3) to oppose the evil forces of reaction and
medievalism (4) to advocate liberal ideas and progress (5) to champion
the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people to life, democracy and happiness
 Los Agricultores Filipinos (The Filipino Farmers) - R i z a l ’ s f i r s t a r t i c l e
w h i c h a p p e a r e d i n L a Solidaridad which is published on March 25, 1889, six
days after he left London for Paris.

WRITINGS IN LONDON

 Rizal received news- Fray Rodriquez’s attack on Noli. Rizal wrote a pamphlet- “La
Vision del Fray Rodriguez (The Vision of Fray Rodriguez). Published in Barcelona
under his penname Dimas Alang.
 In La Vision del Fray Rodriguez, Rizal demonstrated two things: (1) his profound
knowledge of religion and (2) his biting satire.
 Rizal wrote the famous “Letter to the Young Women of Malolos” in Tagalog.
Requested by M.H. del Pilar. To praise the young ladies of Malolos for building a
Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya
Instructor
school despite opposition from FR. Felipe Garcia, Spanish priest of Malolos.

Main points of the letter:

1. A Filipino mother should teach her children love of God, fatherland and mankind.
2. The Filipino mother should be glad, like the Spartan mother, to offer her sons in
the defense of the fatherland.
3. A Filipino woman should know how to preserve her dignity and honor.
4. A Filipino woman should educate herself, aside from retaining her good racial
virtues.
5. Faith is not merely reciting long prayers and wearing religious pictures, but rather
it is living the real Christian way, with good morals and manners.

Dr. Rost, editor of Trubner’s Journal requested Rizal to contribute some articles.
1. “The Specimens of Tagal Folklore”- consists of Filipino proverbs and puzzles.
2. “Two Eastern Fables”

ROMANCE WITH GERTRUDE BECKETT

 Rizal had romantic interlude with the oldest of the Beckett sisters—Gertrude
Beckett.
 Gettie an English girl with brown hair, blue eyes, and rosy cheeks.
 She fell in love with Rizal. Their friendship drifted towards romance.
 As Rizal called her “Gettie”, she called Rizal as “Pettie”.
 He could not marry Gettie for he has a mission to fulfill in life. With iron will, Rizal
suppressed the passionate yearning of his heart.
 He decided to go away so that “Gettie” may forget him.
 He finished 4 sculptural works:
1. Prometheus Bound
2. “The Triumph of Death over Life”
3. “The Triumph of Science over Death” (He gave both the triumph to his friend,
Blumentritt)
4. A composite carving of the heads of the Beckett sisters as farewell gift to
them.
-Rizal bade goodbye to the kind Beckett family (particularly Gertrude). He
went to Paris.
V. Guide Questions
1. What are the good impressions of Dr. Rizal about the United States? (4
points)
2. What are the main points of the “Letter to the Young Women of Malolos”?
(4 points)
3. What is the only bad impression of Dr. Rizal about the United States? (4
points)
4. In your own opinion, do you agree with Dr. Rizal’s bad impression about
the United States? (4 points)

Areas of Assessment 4 3 2 1
Presents ideas in an Presents ideas in a Ideas are too Ideas are vague
Ideas original manner consistent manner general or unclear
Strong and Organized Some organization; No organization;
Organization organized beg/mid/end attempt at a lack beg/mid/end
beg/mid/end beg/mid/end
Writing shows strong Writing shows a Writing shows Writing shows
Understanding understanding clear adequate little
understanding understanding understanding
Sophisticated use of Nouns and verbs Needs more nouns Little or no use of
nouns and verbs make content and verbs nouns and verbs
Word Choice
make the content informative
very informative
Sentence structure Sentence structure Sentence structure No sense of
enhances meaning; is evident; is limited; sentences sentence
Sentence Structure flows throughout the sentences mostly need to flow structure or flow
piece flow
Source: https://bit.ly/3gD8Z5y

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
VI. Notes and Suggested Reading
Other significant events on Rizal’s visit to United States and London
VII. References
Zaide, G. & Zaide, M. (2014). Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius,
Writer, Scientist, and National Hero. Cubao, Quezon City: All-Nations Publishing
Co., Inc.
Ileto, Reynaldo. “Rizal and the underside of Philippine History” In Filipinos and
their Revolution: Event, Discourse, and Historiography. Quezon City: Ateneo de
Manila University Press, 1998.
Coates, Austin. Rizal: Filipino Nationalist and Martyr. Hongkong: Oxford
University Press, Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1969.

Lesson 2: Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Paris and the Universal Exposition of 1889

I. Objectives
 Describe Rizal’s aim in his Filipino College in Hong Kong;
 Describe Rizal’s life in Paris; and
 Create advantage and disadvantage table of establishing a school
in a faraway land.
II. Time Frame: 3 hours
III. Values Integration: Nationalism

IV. Content

Paris in the spring of 1889 was bursting with gaiety and excitement because of the
Universal Exposition. Thousands of visitors from all corners of the world crowded every
hotel, inn, and boarding house. Everywhere in the metropolis the hotel rates and house
rents were soaring sky high, Rizal, fresh from London, was caught in the whirl of gay
Parisian life. Despite the social partied and glittering lights of the city, he continued his
fruitful artistic, literary, and patriotic labors. He published his annotated edition of
Morga’sSucesos: founded three Filipino societies, the Kidlat club, the Indios Bravos, and
the R.D.L.M.; and wrote the PorTelefono, a satire against Fr. Salvador Font.

DIFFICULTY IN FINDING QUARTERS

 The cost of living spiralled high.

 Rizal lived in the house of his friend, Valentin Ventura. No. 45 Rue Maubeuge—
Ventura’s Residence.
 He also polished his annotated edition of Morga’s book in Ventura’s residence.
 Transferred residence several time. Moving from one hotel to another, form one
boarding house to another.
 Finally lived in a little room together with two other Filipinos—Justo Trinidad, former
gobernadorcillo of Santa Ana, Manila and Jose Albert, a young student from
Manila.

LIFE IN PARIS

 Rizal spend most of his time inthe reading room of the Bibliotheque National
checking up his historical annotation on Morga’s book.
 In his spare hours, Rizal used to dime at the homes of his friends, such as the
Pardo de Taveras, the Venturas, the Bousteads.
 May 16, 1889- He wrote a letter to his family in Calamba. Rizal gave an interesting
amount of his life in Paris.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 September 21, 1889- he wrote another letter to his family. “We Filipinos gather four
times a week and we sing the kundiman, we eat sotanghon, adobo and etc. On
Wednesday in the house of Doña Tula, on Thursdays in the house of Hidalgo, on
Fridays in the house of Madam Boustead, on Saturdays in the house of Luna, on
Saturdays in the house of Doña Juliana”.
 Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera- physician by vocation, philologist by avocation
 Dr. Felix Pardo de Tavera- physician by vocation, and an artist and sculptor by
avocation
 Paz Pardo de Tavera- wife of Juan Luna
RIZAL AND PARIS EXPOSITION 1889

 Rizal was fascinated by the Universal Exposition of Paris which opened on May 6,
1889.
 The greatest attraction of this exposition was the Eiffel Tower, 984 feet high, which
was built by Alexander Eiffel, celebrated French engineer.
 Rizal and his friends attended the opening ceremonies and saw the cutting of
ribbon by President Sadi Carnot (3rd French President)
 200,000 persons or more crowd the daily exposition
 International Art Competition
 Felix R. Hidalgo’s painting won the 2 nd prize, Juan Luna and F. Pardo de Tavera
won the 3rd prize, while Rizal’s entry got no prize.
KIDLAT CLUB

 Rizal organized his paisanos (compatriots) into a society called Kidlat Club.
 Among the members were Antonio Luna, Juan Luna, Gregorio Aguilera, Fernando
Canon, LauroDimayuga, Julio Llorente, Guillermo Puatu and Baldomero Roxas
 This club was founded by Rizal
 The purpose of this is to bring the young Filipinos in the French capital so that they
could enjoy their sojourn in the city during the exposition.
 March 19, 1889- Rizal wrote a letter to Blumentritt about the Kidlat club.
INDIOS BRAVOS (Brave Indians)

 Inspiration: American Indians who were not ashamed of their names

 Purpose: its members pledged to excel in intellectual and physical prowess in
order to win the admiration of the foreigners particularly the Spaniard. The
practiced the use of sword and pistol. Rizal taught them judo.
 This has the same members.
R.D.L.M. SOCIETY

 Another society founded by Rizal in Paris during the Universal Exposition of 1889
was the mysterious sociedad.
 Its existence and role in the crusade for reforms are really enigmatic. Of the
numerous letters written by Rizal and his fellow propagandists, only two mentioned
this secret society, as follows: (1) Rizal’s letter to Jose Maria Basa, Paris,
September 21, 1889 (2) Rizal’s letter to Marcelo H. del Pilar, Paris, November 4,
1889.
 According to Dr. Leoncio Lopez-Rizal, grandnephew of the hero, the society has a
symbol or countersign represented by circle divided into three parts by two semi-
circles having in the center the interlocked letters I and B, meaning Indio Bravos,
and the letters R.D.L.M. placed outside an upper, lower, left and right sides of the
circles. The letters R.D.L.M are believed to be the initials of the society’s secret
name Redention de losMalayos.
 The aim as stated by Rizal was “the propagation of all knowledge—scientific,
artistic, literary, etc.—in the Philippines.
 Redemption of the Malay race (another aim)

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 Rizal was inspired by a famous book entitled Max Havelaar (1860) written by
Multatuli (pseudonym of E.D. Dekker, Dutch author)
 February 23, 1892- Rizal, writing to Blumentritt from Hong Kong, revealed his
intention to be a leader of freedom, if not in the Philippines, then in other lands “In
Borneo:
 Borneo Colonization Project:
“Not merely to have a place where Filipinos could live and work with more liberty
as well as free themselves from the oppressive conditions of the Philippines- for
something else important which is freedom of action to attain the aim of the
R.L.D.M.. Which means the redemption of the Malay race”

ANNOTATED EDITION OF MORGA PUBLISHED

 Rizal’s outstanding achievement in Paris (1980)

 He wrote in in the British Museum
 It was printed by Garnier Freres
 Professor Blumentritt – wrote the Prologue
 Rizal’s errors: - Appraising the events of the past in the light of present standards
- Attacks on the church were unfair and unjustified because the abuses of the friars
should not be construed to mean that Catholicism is bad
 Rizal published Morga’sSucesos = best of the many histories of the Philippines
written by the early Spanish writers
 Dedicated new edition of Morga to the Filipino people, to know their glorious past
: TO THE FILIPINOS - Proved that Filipinos were already civilized before the
advent of Spain
COMMENT ON MORGA’S PUBLICATION DATE

1. “Paris, Libreria de GarnierHermanos, 1890” – title page of Rizal’s annotated

edition of Morga
2. Documentary evidence to show that Rizal’s edition of Morga must have come
off the press in 1889 – not 1890. 3 Letters:
 October 12, 1889 – Blumentritt received the edition (Leitmeritz)
 December 28, 1889 – Rizal sent copies to Dr. Baldomero Roxas from
Paris to Lipa
 December 31, 1889 – Mariano Ponce received the book
3. Incontrovertible proofs that Morga’sSucesos came off the press in 1889.

RIZAL AS HISTORIAN

 Rizal’s research studies in the British Museum (London) and in the

BibliothequeNationale (Paris) enriched his historical knowledge
 His knowledge of foreign languages enabled Rizal to read historical documents:
o Pigafetta’s famous “First Voyage Around the World “(Italian)
o Works of Marsden, Raffles, Lord Stanley, and Wallace (English)
o Writings of Blumentritt, Jagor, and Virchow (German)
 Historical Commentaries which qualify Rizal to be a real historian:
 Ma-yi (December 6, 1888), and
 Tawalisi of Ibn Batuta (January 7, 1889) (both written in London)
THE PHILIPPINES WITHIN A CENTURY

 In this article, he expressed his views on the Spanish colonization in the Philippines
 He predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic end of Spain’s sovereignty in Asia
 Parts:
o Beginning - glorious past of the Filipino people
o Middle - economic stagnation and happiness under the harsh Spanish Rule

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
o Last - peered into the future and warned Spain of what would happen to
her colonial empire in Asia if she would not adopt a more liberal &
enlightened policy toward the Philippines
THE INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS

 Defense of the alleged indolence of the Filipinos

 Critical study of the causes why the Filipinos did not work hard during the Spanish
regime
 Main thesis: the Filipinos are not by nature indolent
 10 Causes of decline in economic life:
1. Native revolts and other internal disorders
2. Wars which the Filipinos fought for Spain (Dutch, Portuguese, English, etc.)
3. Raids on the coastal towns and village by the Muslim pirates of Mindanao and
Sulu
4. Forced labor
5. Lack of stimulus to work harder (people could not enjoy the fruits of their labor)
6. Government neglect and indifference (agriculture, industry, and commerce)
7. Bad example shown by Spaniards - despising manual labor
8. Teaching of Spanish missionaries
9. Gambling
10. System of Spanish education
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FILIPINOLOGISTS

 Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris)

 Letter to Blumentritt – January 14, 1889
 Prospectus: aim of the association – “to study the Philippines from the scientific
and historical point of view”
 Officers:
- President: Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt (Austrian)
- Vice-President: Mr. Edmund Plauchut (French)
 Counsellors:
o -Dr. Reinhold Rost (Anglo-German)
o -Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor (Filipino- Spanish)
 Secretary: Dr. Jose Rizal (Filipino)
 August 1889 (Paris) – scheduled holding of the inaugural convention
 Renowned scholars in Europe: - Dr. Reinhold Rost - Sir Henry Yule - Dr. Feodor
Jagor - Dr. A.B. Meyer - Dr. H. Kern - Dr. Czepelak
PROJECT FOR FILIPINO COLLEGE IN HONG KONG

 Planned by Rizal while still in Paris

 To establish a modern college in Hong Kong
 Aim: “to train and educate men of good family and financial means in accordance
with the demands of modern times and circumstances”
 Mr. Mariano Cunanan (Mexico, Pampanga) – promised to help Rizal raise P40,
000.00 pesos as an initial capital
 Curriculum (Subjects):
 Ethics
 Religion
 Natural Law
 Civil Law
 Deportment
 Hygiene
 Mathematics
 Physics and Chemistry
 Natural History
 Geography Political Economy

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 Universal History
 Philippine History
 Logic, Rhetoric, and Poetics
 Spanish
 English
 French
 German
 Chinese
 Tagalog
 Gymnastics
 Equitation
 Fencing
 Swimming
 Music
 Drawing
 Dancing
“POR TELEFONO”

 In the fall of 1889, Rizal wrote another satirical work entitled “PorTelefono”.
 PorTelefono (Barcelona, 1889)
o Fr. Salvador Font (banning of Noli)
 “Dimas Alang”- one of Rizal’s pen-names
 It describes in comical vein a telephone conversation between Fr. Font (Madrid)
and the father provincial (San Agustin Convent-Manila)
 This is Rizal’s reply to another slanderer, Fr. Salvador Font, who masterminded
the banning of his Noli.
 Incidentally, PorTelepono demonstrates not only Rizal’s sparkling wit, but also his
prophetic insight.
CHRISTMAS IN PARIS

 Together with Jose Albert and Capitan Justo Trinidad, Rizal spent his Christmas
in Paris.
 Christmas dinner: fried chicken, rice, and vegetables
 Rizal’s last Christmas dinner in Paris
 After New Year – brief visit to London (unknown purpose) but it may be due to two
theoretical reasons: (1)To check up his annotated edition of Morga’sSucesos with
the original copy in the British Museum; and (2) To see Gertrude Beckett for the
last time
 Middle of January 1890 – Rizal went back in Paris. He complained of a terrible
headache. At that time, an epidemic of influenza was raging in Europe.
Fortunately, he was not stricken with flu.
V. Guide Questions
1. What was the aim of Dr. Rizal’s project for Filipino College in Hong Kong?
(4 points)
2. In your opinion, is it ideal to establish a school in faraway land during the
time of Dr. Rizal? Use advantage and disadvantage table and give two
opinions in each column. (4 points)
3. What do you think about the life of Rizal in Paris? (4 points)
Areas of Assessment 4 3 2 1
Presents ideas in an Presents ideas in a Ideas are too Ideas are vague
Ideas original manner consistent manner general or unclear
Strong and Organized Some organization; No organization;
Organization organized beg/mid/end attempt at a lack beg/mid/end
beg/mid/end beg/mid/end
Writing shows strong Writing shows a Writing shows Writing shows
Understanding understanding clear adequate little
understanding understanding understanding
Sophisticated use of Nouns and verbs Needs more nouns Little or no use of
nouns and verbs make content and verbs nouns and verbs
Word Choice
make the content informative
very informative

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
Sentence structure Sentence structure Sentence structure No sense of
enhances meaning; is evident; is limited; sentences sentence
Sentence Structure flows throughout the sentences mostly need to flow structure or flow
piece flow
Source: https://bit.ly/3gD8Z5y
VI. Notes and Suggested Reading
Other significant events in Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Paris
VII. References
Zaide, G. & Zaide, M. (2014). Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius,
Writer, Scientist, and National Hero. Cubao, Quezon City: All-Nations Publishing
Co., Inc.
Ileto, Reynaldo. “Rizal and the underside of Philippine History” In Filipinos and
their Revolution: Event, Discourse, and Historiography. Quezon City: Ateneo de
Manila University Press, 1998.
Coates, Austin. Rizal: Filipino Nationalist and Martyr. Hongkong: Oxford
University Press, Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1969.
Lesson 3: In Belgian Brussels and Misfortunes in Madrid

I. Objectives
 Describe Rizal’s bad dream;
 Enumerate the articles published in La Solidaridad;
 Create a list of reasons Rizal challenged Retana for a duel; and
 Reflect on the relevance of seeking justice for the family.
II. Time Frame: 3 hours
III. Values Integration: Stewardship
IV. Content

On January 28, 1890, Rizal left Paris for Brussels for 2 reasons (1) The cost of living in
Paris was very high (2) The gay social life of the city hampered his literary works
especially the writing of his 2 and novel El Filibusterismo.

LIFE IN BRUSSELS

 Rizal was accompanied by Jose Albert when he moved to Brussels. They lived in
a modest boarding house on 38 Rue Philippe Champagne, which was run by two
Jaceby sisters (Suzanne and Marie).
 Jose Albert left the city and was replaced by Jose Alejandro, an engineering
student.
 In Brussels, Rizal was busy writing his second novel which was a continuation of
the Noli.
 Aside from writing its chapters, he wrote articles for La Solidaridad and letters to
his family and friends.
 Being a physician he spent part of his time in the medical clinic.
ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN LA SOLIDARIDAD

During his sojourn in Brussels, Rizal wrote for La Solidaridad in defense of his
oppressed people and to point out the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines. Among
these articles which appeared in the patriotic periodical were:

1. “A La Defensa” (To La Defensa), April 30, 1889

2. “La Verdad Para Todos” (The Truth for All), May 31, 1889
3. “Vicente Barrantes”, June 15, 1889
4. “Una Profanacion” (A Profanation), July 21, 1889
5. “VerdadesNuevas” (New Truths), July 31, 1889
6. “Crueldad” (Cruelty), August 15, 1889
7. “Diferencias” (Differences), September 15, 1889
8. “Inconsequencias” (Inconsequences), November 30, 1889
9. “Llanto y Risas” (Tears and Laughters), November 30,1889
10. “Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude), January 15, 1890

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
NEW ORTHOGRAPHY OF TAGALOG LANGUAGE

 In spite of his European education and his knowledge of foreign languages, Rizal
loved his own native language.
 He was the first to advocate the Filipinization of its orthography. For instance, the
Tagalog letters k and w should be used instead of the Spanish c and o. Thus the
Hispanized Tagalog word salacot (peasant’s head-gear) should be written
salakot and the Hispanized Tagalog term arao be changed to araw.
 September,1886- Rizal adopted the Filipinized Tagalog orthography in his
Tagalog translations of Schiller’s Willhelm Tell and Andersen’s Fairy Tales.
 April 15, 1890- His article entitled, “Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la
LenguaTagala” (The New Orthography of the Tagalog Language) was published
in La Solidaridad.
 Dr.Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera- author of the celebrated work, “El Sanscritoen la
LenguaTagala” (Sanskrit of the Tagalog Language). Published in Paris, 1884.
RIZAL CRITICIZES MADRID FILIPINOD FOR GAMBLING

 In Brussels, Rizal received news from Juan Luna and Valentin Ventura, that there
are some Filipinos who were destroying the reputation of Filipinos by gambling too
much.
 Thus, he wrote a letter address to Del Pilar, to remind the Filipinos in Madrid that
they did not come to Europe to gamble, but to work for their Fatherland’s freedom.
 The gambling Filipinos were angry when they learned of Rizal’s moralizing.
 They called him PAPA instead of “Pepe”.
BAD NEWS FROM HOME

Rizal received bad news from home as follows:

1. Paciano and the brothers-in-law Antonio Lopez (husband of Narcisa) and

Silvestre Ubaldo (husband of Olympia) were departed for Mindoro.
2. Another brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo (husband of Saturnina) was banished
for a second time to Bohol.
The sad news from home depressed Rizal. His heart bled to know the sorrowful;
plight of his parents, brothers, and brothers-in-law. From Brussels, he wrote to his
sister on June 6, 1890.

“I have caused much harm to our family, but at least there remains to
us the consolation of knowing that the motive is not disgraceful nor does it
humiliate anybody. On the contrary it raises us up and gives us more dignity
in the eyes of our very enemies themselves; to fall with the head high and
the brow serene is not to fall, it is to triumph. The sad thing0 is to fall with
the stain of dishonor. Moreover, I may be what my enemies desire me to
be, yet never an accusation are they able to hurl against me which makes
me blush or lower my forehead, and I hope that God will be merciful enough
with me to prevent me from committing one of those faults which would
involve my family.”

PRESENTIMENT OF DEATH

 In his moment of despair, Rizal had a bad dreams

 Athought he was not superstitious, he feared that he would not live long
 He was not afraid to die, but he wanted to finish his 2nd novel, El Filibusterismo
before he went to his grave.
 In his letter to Marcelo H. Del Pilar he said, “In my childhood I had a strange belief
that I would not reach 30 years of age.”
 In the face of sufferings, Rizal planned to go home.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
PREPARATION TO GO HOME

 In the face of the sufferings which afflicted his family, Rizal planned to go home.
He could not stay in Brussels writing a book while his parents, relatives, and friends
in the distant Philippines were persecuted.
 All his friends including Blumentritt, Jose Ma. Basa, and Ponce objected to his plan
and warned him of the danger that awaited him at home.
DECISION TO GO TO MADRID

 Something happened that changed his decision and he informed Marcelo H. Del
Pilar that he was going to Madrid to supervise the handling of the case of his family
in Calamba.
 In another letter to Ponce, written at Brussels, July 29, 1890, Rizal announced that
he was leaving Brussels at the beginning of the month and would arrive in Madrid
about the 3rd to 4th (August).
 When in Brussels, Rizal wrote a poem entitled, “A Mi...”(To My Muse). It was
against a background of mental anguish in Brussels, during those sad days when
he was worried by family disasters. This is a pathetic poem.
ROMANCE WITH PETITE JACOBY

While he was preparing for his trip to Madrid, two things brought some measure of cheers
to the despondent Rizal.

1. The summertime festival of Belgium, which was celebrated in carnival style—

with colorful costumes, fantastic float, and many days of meeiment,
2. The romance with Petite Jacoby, the pretty niece of his landladies.
 Rizal was so charming and dignified gentleman that Suzanne was attracted to him.
 He was lonely in a strange country and Leonor Rivera was so far away.
 Like other women—Segunda Katigbak, Orang Valenzuela, Leonor Rivera, O-Sei-
San, Gettie Beckett, Consuelo Ortiga y Perez and Nellie Boustead—Suzanne fell
in love with Rizal.
 Suzanne cried when Rizal left for Madrid.
MISFORTUNES IN MADRID

August, 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid

FAILURE TO GET JUSTICE FOR FAMILY

Upon arrival in Madrid, Rizal immediately secured help of the Filipino colony and the
association of the Hispano-Filipino and the liberal Spanish newspaper (La Justicia, El
Globo, La Republica, El Resumen, etc.).

 In securing justice to for the oppressed Calamba tenants including his family,
together with Marcelo H. Del Pilar (who acted as his lawyer) and Dr. Dominador
Gomez (secretary of the association) called on the Minister of Colonies to protest
the injustices committed against the Calamba tenants.
 Nothing also came out of Rizal’s interview with Minister Fabie. As El Resumen, a
Madrid newspaper which sympathized with the Filipino cause, said: “To cover the
ears, open the purse, and fold the arms—this is the Spanish colonial policy.”
 More terrible news reached Rizal as he was waging a futile war for justice
1. He learned that there was already an ejectment order against Rizal’s family
and the other Calamba tenants
2. He further learned that their parents were forcibly ejected from their homes and
were them living in the house of Narcisa.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 In desperation, Rizal even sought the help of liberal Spanish statesmen but he was
again disappointed. They just gave him honeyed words of sympathy and nothing
else.
 Blumentritt urged him to talk with Queen Regent Maria Cristina (the ruler of Spain)
but he could not because he had neither powerful friends to bring him to the Queen
nor gold to grease the palms of influential courtiers.
RIZAL’S EULOGY TO PANGANIBAN

 Another disappointment happened when his friend, Jose Ma. Panganiban died in
Barcelona after lingering illness. Panganiban is his talented co-worker in the
Propaganda Movement, died in Barcelona on August 19, 1890.
 With a sorrowing heart, Rizal took up his pen and wrote a great eulogy to
Panganiban.
ABORTED DUEL WITH ANTONIO LUNA

 Towards the end of August, 1890, Rizal attended a social reunion of the Filipinos
in Madrid.
 At that time, Antonio Luna was bitter because of his frustrated romance with Nellie
Boustead
 He was blaming Rizal for his failure to win her.
 In a fit of jealousy, which his alcohol be-fogged mind uttered unsavoury remarks
about Nellie.
 Rizal overheard him. His high sense of chivalry could not tolerate any slur against
the honor of any woman. Angered by the slanderous remarks, he challenged Luna,
his friend, to a duel.
 Rizal was a better pistol shot than Luna. But the latter was his superior as a
swordsman.
 The Filipinos were shocked and tried to pacify that it could damage their cause in
Spain.
 Luna when he became sober, realized that he made a foul of himself and
apologized to Rizal.
RIZAL CHALLENGES RETANA TO DUEL

Rizal was, by nature, neither hot-tempered nor pugnacious. But when the honor of his
people, family, women, or friends was besmirched, he never hesitated to fight even if he
were risking his own life.

 On another occasion, he challenged another man to duel—Wenceslao Retana, his

bitter enemy of the pen.
 Retana, a talented Spanish scholar, was then a press agent of the friars in Spain.
 He used to attack Filipinos, including Rizal in various newspapers in Madrid and
other cities of Spain.
 He wrote an article in “La Epoca” an anti-Filipino newspaper in Madrid, asserting
that the family and friends of Rizal had not paid their rents so that they were ejected
from their lands in Calamba by the Dominicans.
 Such insult stirred Rizal to action, he challenged Retana to a duel and he said that
Retana’s blood or his apology could vindicate the good blame of Rizal’s family and
friends.
 Retana to save his own skin, he published a retraction and an apology in the
newspaper after being warned of Rizal’s superior skills in both pistol and sword.
INFIDELITY OF LEONOR RIVERA

In the autumn of 1890, Rizal was feeling bitter at so many disappointments he

encountered in Madrid. One night he and some friends attended a play at TeatroApolo,
and there he lost his gold watch chain with a locket containing the picture of Leonor Rivera,
his beloved sweetheart.
Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya
Instructor
 December 1890- Rizal received a letter from Leonor Rivera announcing her
marriage to an Englishman (the choice of her mother) and asking his forgiveness.
 September 15, 1891- Blumentritt replied to Rizal about Rizal’s agonizing weeks.
Blumentritt consoled him.
RIZAL-DEL PILAR RIVALRY

Toward the closing days of 1890, there arose an unfortunate rivalry between Rizal and
M.H. del Pilar for supremacy.

 Rizal, the most talented Filipino of his time, was until then the undisputed leader
of the Filipinos in Europe. On the other hand, Del Pilar, fearless lawyer-journalist,
was gaining prestige in Madrid for his vigorous editorials in La Solidaridad which
he came to own.
 Rizal tried to imbue his compatriots with his own idealism for he believed that to
fain prestige for the Propaganda Movement and to win the respect of the Spanish
people they must possess high standards of morality, dignity, and spirit of sacrifice.
 Unfortunately, his idealism was not shared by certain frivolous countrymen, who
move wine, women, and cards. Consequently, Rizal’s leadership declined.
 Some of his former admirers, who supported his leadership turned against him
because they resented his interference in their private lives. They became the
supporters of M.H. del Pilar.
 January 1, 1891- Avertiing the break-up Rizal and M.H. del Pilar. Numbering about
ninety, met on New Year’s Day.
 It was decided in that meeting the the leader is called Responsable
RIZAL ABDICATES HIS LEADERSHIP

The election took place during the first week of February 1891.

The Filipinos were divided into hostile camps--- the Rizalistas and the Pilaristas.

Rizal become the Responsable having obtained the necessary two-thirds vote. But Rizal
graciously declined the coveted position. He was a mad of dignity, with a high sense of
delicadeza.

He knew that some of his compatriots who supported Del Pilar disliked him. So he
preferred to abdicate his leadership rather than be the cause of disunity and bitterness
among his countrymen.

ADIOS, MADRID

Rizal wrote a brief note thanking his compatriots for electing him as Responsable.

V. Guide Questions
1. What are the articles that were published in La Solidaridad? (4 points)
2. What was the bad dream of Dr. Jose Rizal? (4 points)
3. What was the reason why Dr. Rizal challenged Retana for a duel? (4
points)
4. What happened to Dr. Rizal’s plan to seek for justice for his family? (4
points)
Areas of Assessment 4 3 2 1
Presents ideas in an Presents ideas in a Ideas are too Ideas are vague
Ideas original manner consistent manner general or unclear
Strong and Organized Some organization; No organization;
Organization organized beg/mid/end attempt at a lack beg/mid/end
beg/mid/end beg/mid/end
Writing shows strong Writing shows a Writing shows Writing shows
Understanding understanding clear adequate little
understanding understanding understanding
Sophisticated use of Nouns and verbs Needs more nouns Little or no use of
nouns and verbs make content and verbs nouns and verbs
Word Choice
make the content informative
very informative

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
Sentence structure Sentence structure Sentence structure No sense of
enhances meaning; is evident; is limited; sentences sentence
Sentence Structure flows throughout the sentences mostly need to flow structure or flow
piece flow
Source: https://bit.ly/3gD8Z5y
VI. Notes and Suggested Reading
Other significant events happened in Madrid
VII. References
Zaide, G. & Zaide, M. (2014). Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius,
Writer, Scientist, and National Hero. Cubao, Quezon City: All-Nations Publishing
Co., Inc.
Ileto, Reynaldo. “Rizal and the underside of Philippine History” In Filipinos and
their Revolution: Event, Discourse, and Historiography. Quezon City: Ateneo de
Manila University Press, 1998.
Coates, Austin. Rizal: Filipino Nationalist and Martyr. Hongkong: Oxford
University Press, Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1969.

Lesson 4: Biarritz Vacation and Romance with Nelly Boustead

I. Objectives
 Explain the reasons for Rizal’s retirement in the Propaganda
Movement;
 Create a symbol that would show Rizal and Nellie’s love story; and
 Elaborate the reasons of Rizal’s decision to stop writing for La
Solidaridad;.
II. Time Frame: 3 hours
III. Values Integration: Love for self and other people

IV. Content

To seek solace for his disappointments in Madrid, Rizal took a vacation in the
resort city of Biarritz on the fabulous French Rivera He was a guest of the rich Boustead
family at its winter residence—Villa Eliada. He had befriended Mr. Eduardo Boustead
and his wife and two charming daughters, (Adelina and Nellie).

WITH THE BOUSTEAD IN BIARRITZ

 February, 1891- Rizal arrives in Biarritz

 The one month vacation in Biarritz worked wonders for Rizal. His sorrowing heart
began to sing once more with joy and his health improved with remarkable
swiftness.
 From Biarritz, he wrote a letter to Mariano Ponce on February 11, 1891. He said,
“I have put on much weight since I arrives here, my cheeks are no longer shrunken
as before for the reason that I go to bed early and I have no cares.”
ROMANCE WITH NELLIE BOUSTEAD

 Biarritz, with its romantic gardens, delightful villas, and panoramic beauties, is an
ideal setting for romance. Rizal having lost his beloved Leonor Rivera, came to
entertain considerable affection for Nellie, the prettier and younger daughter of his
host.
 He found her a real Filipina, highly intelligent, vivacious in temperament and
morally upright.
 He wrote to his intimate friends, except Prof. Blumentritt, of his love for Nellie, also
called as Nelly, and his intention to propose marriage to her.
 February 4, 1891- M.H.Del Pilar teased Rizal in his letter about changing the “o” in
the Noli to an “e”, which means Noli to Nelly.
 From Madrid, Antonio Luna also wrote to Rizal, encouraging Rizal to woo and
marry Nellie.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 With the encouragement of his close friends, Rizal courted Nelly who, in turn,
reciprocated his affection. Unfortunately, their romance beneath the lovely Biarritz
moon did not have a happy fairy tale finale. Rizal’s marriage proposal failed for two
reasons: (1) he refused to give up his Catholic faith and be converted to
Protestantism, as Nelly Boustead demanded, and (2) Nelly’s mother did not like
Rizal as a son-in-law.
 Nelly’s mother, like the mother of Leonor Rivera, had no wish to entrust her
daughter’s happiness to a man who was poor in material things, a physician
without a paying clientele, a writer who earned nothing from his pen, and a reformer
who was persecuted by the friars and government officials in his home country.
 Although they could not get married, Rizal and Nellie parted as a good friends.
EL FILIBUSTERISMO FINISHED IN BIARRITZ

 Frustrated in romance, Rizal found consolation in writing. While wooing Nellie and
enjoying so “many magnificent nights” with her, he kept working on his second
novel which he began to write in Calamba in 1887.
 On March 29, 1891, the eve of his departure from Biarritz to Pars, he finished the
manuscript of El Filibusterismo.
 March 29, 1891- the eve of his departure from Biarritz to Paris, he finished the
manuscript of El Filibusterismo.
 March 29, 1891- he wrote letter to Blumentritt. He said, “I have finished my book!
Oh, no, I have not written it in my idea of revenge against my enemies but only
what is for the good of those who are suffering, for the rights of the Tagalog race,
though brown and may not have good features! Surely, I will leave tomorrow for
Paris, and from home I don’t know where I am going.
TO PARIS AND BACK TO BRUSSELS

 Rizal bade farewell to the hospitable and friendly Bousteads on March 30, 1891
and proceeded to Paris by train. He stayed at the home of his friend, Valentin
Ventura, on 4 Rue de Chateaudum.
 From Paris, he wrote to his friend, Jose Ma. Basa, in Hong Kong, On April 4,
expressing his desire to go to that British colony and practice ophthalmology in
order to earn his living.
 By the middle of April, 1891, Rizal was back in Brussels, where he was happily
receives by Marie and Suzanne Jacoby.

RETIREMENT FROM THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

 Since abdicating his leadership in Madrid in January, 1891, owing to the intrigues
of his jealous compatriots, Rizal retired from the Propaganda Movement, or reform
crusade. He desired to publish his second novel, to practice his medical
profession, and later, when he became financially independent, he expected to
make a more vigorous campaign for his country’s redemption.
 From Brussels, on May 1, 1891, he notified the propaganda authorities in Manila
to cancel his monthly allowance and devote the money to some better cause, such
as education of a young Filipino student in Europe. His notification was contained
in a letter addressed to Mr. A.L.Lorena (pseudonym of Deodato Arellano).
RIZAL STOPPED WRITING FOR LA SOLIDARIDAD

 Rizal ceased writing articles for La Solidaridad. Many of his friends in Spain
urged him to continue writing for the patriotic periodical, because his articles
always attracted considerable attention in European countries.
 Three Reasons why Rizal stopped writing for La Solidaridad:
1. He need time to work on his book
2. He wanted other Filipinos to work also;

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
3. He considered it very important to the party that there be unity in the
work.
REVISING THE FILI FOR PUBLICATION

In Brussels, Rizal worked day by day revising the finished manuscript of El Filibusterismo
and readied it for printing. Apparently, the revision was mostly completed on May 20, 1891.
On this date also, he wrote to Jose Ma. Basa that his book is now ready on press and the
first 20 chapters are already corrected and can be printed. If he received a money, he will
surely have a copy in July.

V. Guide Questions
1. What was the reasons why Dr. Rizal decided to stop writing for La
Solidaridad? (4 points)
2. What was Dr. Rizal’s reason for his retirement in the Propaganda
Movement? (4 points)
3. Create a symbol that would show Rizal and Nellie’s love story (4 points)
Areas of Assessment 4 3 2 1
Presents ideas in an Presents ideas in a Ideas are too Ideas are vague
Ideas original manner consistent manner general or unclear
Strong and Organized Some organization; No organization;
Organization organized beg/mid/end attempt at a lack beg/mid/end
beg/mid/end beg/mid/end
Writing shows strong Writing shows a Writing shows Writing shows
Understanding understanding clear adequate little
understanding understanding understanding
Sophisticated use of Nouns and verbs Needs more nouns Little or no use of
nouns and verbs make content and verbs nouns and verbs
Word Choice
make the content informative
very informative
Sentence structure Sentence structure Sentence structure No sense of
enhances meaning; is evident; is limited; sentences sentence
Sentence Structure flows throughout the sentences mostly need to flow structure or flow
piece flow
Source: https://bit.ly/3gD8Z5y
VI. Notes and Suggested Reading
Rizal’s other experiences on his vacation in Biarritz
VII. References
Zaide, G. & Zaide, M. (2014). Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius,
Writer, Scientist, and National Hero. Cubao, Quezon City: All-Nations Publishing
Co., Inc.
Ileto, Reynaldo. “Rizal and the underside of Philippine History” In Filipinos and
their Revolution: Event, Discourse, and Historiography. Quezon City: Ateneo de
Manila University Press, 1998.
Coates, Austin. Rizal: Filipino Nationalist and Martyr. Hongkong: Oxford
University Press, Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1969.

Learning Unit 4: OTHER SIGNIFICANT EVETS BEFORE RIZAL’S DEATH

Lesson 1: El Filibusterismo published in Ghent

I. Objectives
 Describe the inscription written in the title page of the book;
 Enumerate the unfinished novels of Rizal;
 Compare and contrast Noli Me Tangere and El Filibuterismo; and
 Reflect on the relevance of the two novels in today’s generation.
II. Time Frame: 3 hours
III. Values Integration: National and Cultural Values, Patriotism

IV. Content

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 It was said that he begun writing the El Filibusterismo in Calamba while practicing
medicine. On the year, 1888, he made changes in the plot and revised the chapter
already written. He wrote more chapters in Paris, Madrid and Biarritz.
 From Brussels, Rizal moved to Ghent, where printing was cheaper.
 March 29, 1891- He finished the manuscript in Biarritz after 3 years.

Days flew swiftly for Rizal in Brussels like flying arrows. Day in and out, he was busy
revising and polishing the manuscript of El Filibusterismo so that it could be ready for the
press.

PRIVATIONS IN GHENT
 July 5, 1891-Rizal left Brussels for Ghent
Reasons:
1. The cost of living was lower
2. The cost of printing in Ghent was cheaper than in Brussels
3. To escape from the enticing attraction of Petite Suzanne
 Owing to his limited funds, Rizal lived in a cheap boarding house, with Jose
Alejandro as roommate.
 They lives frugally in Ghent for 3 months from July to September
 To economize further on their living expenses, they prepared their own breakfast.

THE PRINTING OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO

Shortly after his arrival in Ghent, Rizal searched for a printing shop that could give
him a lowest quotation for publication of his novel.

 The publisher F. Meyer-Can Loo Press, No. 66 Viaanderen Street who was
willing to print his book on instalment basis
 He pawned his jewels in order to pay the down payment and early partial
expenses during the printing of the novel.
 Rizal became desperate because his funds were running low
 He received some money from Basa and P200.00 from Rodriguez Arias for
the copies of Morga’sSucesos sold in Manila but these funds were also used
up.
 July 1891-Rizal wrote a letter to Basa saying that if no money comes he will
have to stop its publication
 August 6, the printing had to be suspended, as Rizal feared because he
could no longer give the necessary funds to the printer.

VENTURA, SAVIOR OF THE FILI

 Rizal’s Calvary in connection with the printing of the Noli was repeated in the Fili’s
printing. His funds ran out in Ghent, a similar calamity that he experienced in Berlin
in the winter of 1886.
 In a moment of bitter disillusionment, he almost hurled the manuscript of the Fili in
flames, just as he almost din the Noli in Berlin.
 Rizal to Basa: “I do not know if the money which I expect does not arrive by the
next mail, I will give up the book and all, and I will embark to live and work for
myself... At times, I feel like burning my manuscript. But then I think of you, and I
know that there are good men like you, good men who truly love their country.”
 When everything seemed lost, help came from an unexpected source. Valentin
Ventura in Paris learned of Rizal’s predicament and immediately sent him the
necessary funds.
 With the financial aid, the printing of the Fili was resumed.

EL FILIBUSTERISMO COMES OFF THE PRESS

 September 18, 1891, El Filibusterismo came off to Press
 Rizal immediately sent 2 copies to Hong Kong one for Basa and the other to Sixto
Lopez.
 He gratefully gave the original manuscript of El Filibusterismo and a printed copy
with his autograph to Valentin Ventura.
 Filipino patriots praised the novel. The members of the colony of Barcelona
Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya
Instructor
published a tribute in La Publicidad, a Barcelona newspaper eulogizing the novel’s
original style which “is comparable only to the sublime Alexander Dumas” “a model
and precious jewel in the now decadent literature of Spain”.
 The liberal Madrid newspaper. El Nuevo Regimen serialized the novel in its issues
of October 1891.
 All copies of the first edition (Ghent Edition) of El Filibuterismo were placed in
wooden boxes and shipped to Hong Kong, but almost all the boxes were
confiscated and all the books were lost.
 The book immediately became rare and few available Ghent copies were sold at
very high prices, reaching as high as 400 pesetas per copy.

DECICATED TO GOM-BUR-ZA
 To the memory of the priests, Dom Mariano Gomez (73 years old), Don Jose
Burgos (35) and Don Jacinto Zamora (37 years old).
 Executed in Bagumbayan Field on February 17, 1872

THE MANUSCRIPT AND THE BOOK

 The original manuscript of El Filibusterismo in Rizal’s own handwriting is now
preserved in the Filipiniana Division of the Bureau of Public Libraries, Manila. It
had been acquired by the Philippine Government from Valentin Ventura for 10,000
pesos. It consists of 279 pages of long sheets of paper.
 The title page if El Filibusterismo contains an inscription written by Ferdinand
Blumentritt
 Features that did not appear in the printed book:
o Foreword
o Warning

INSCRIPTION OF THE TITLE PAGE

 The title page if El Filibusterismo contains an inscription written by Ferdinand
Blumentritt
“It can easily be supposed that a rebel (filibustero) has secretly
bewitched the league of friars-zealots and retrogrades so that,
unwittingly following his incitements, they should favour and foment
that policy which pursues one sole end; to spread ideas of rebellion
throughout the length and breadth of the land, and no to convince
every Filipino that there is no salvation except through separation
from the Mother Country.”---Ferdinand Blumentritt

SYNOPSIS OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO
This novel is a sequel to the Noli. It has little humor, less idealism, and less
romance than the Noli Me Tangere. It is more revolutionary, more tragic than the first
novel.
 Simoun – the main protagonist of the story a rich jeweller
 Dona Victorina – ridiculously a Pro-Spanish woman
 Tiburcio de Espadana – husband of Dona Victorina
 Paulita Gomez – beautiful niece of Don Tiburcio
 Ben-Zayb – Spanish journalist who writes silly articles about Filipinos
 Padre Sibyla – Vice-Rector of UST
 Padre Camorra – Spanish Priest of Tian
 Don Custodio – Pro-Spanish Filipino holding a high position in the government
 Padre Salvi – Franciscan friar a former cura of San Diego
 Padre Irene – a kind friar who was a friend to Filipino students• Padre Florentino –
a retired scholarly and patriotic Filipino priest
 Isagani – nephew of Padre Florentino and lover of Paulita
 Basilio – son of Sisa a promising medical student
 Capitan Tiago – patron of Basilio
 Quiroga – rich Chinese merchant
 Cabesang Tales – father of Juli dispossessed of his land in Tiani by friars
 Juli – the lover of Basilio

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 Makaraig – rich and leader of Filipino students in their movement to learn Spanish
in the academy
 Padre Millon – teaches Physics in UST w/o experiments
 PlacidoPenitente– student of Padre Millon who became disoriented because of the
poor methods of instruction
 Senor Pasta – old Filipino lawyer who refuses to help Filipino students in their
advocacy
 TandangSelo – grandfather of Juli
 Mr. American – owner of the sideshow at the fair of Quiapo exhibiting an Egyptian
Mummy
 Sandoval – a Spanish student who supports the cause of the Filipino students to
propagate the teaching of Spanish
 Cabesa Andang – mother of PlacidoPenitente
 Pepay – pretty dancer and mistress of Don Custodio
 Padre Fernandez – a good dominican friar and friend of Isagani
 Don Timoteo – father of JuanitoPelaez
 Tano – son Cabesang Tales and brother of Juli
 Chichay – the silversmith who made the bridal earring for Paulita Gomez
Characters from El Filibusterismo were draw by Rizal from real life

 Padre Florentino was Father Leoncio Lopez

 Isagani was Vicente Ilustre
 Paulita Gomez was Leonor Rivera
“NOLI” AND “FILI” COMPARED

NOLI ME TANGERE EL FILIBUSTERISMO

Romantic novel Political novel
A book of feeling A book of thought
It has freshness, color, humor, lightness, It contains bitterness, hatred, pain,
and wit violence, and sorrow
64 chapters 38 chapters

 The issue of which is the superior novel. Noli or the Fili is purely academic.
 Both are good novels from the point of view of history
 Both depict with realistic colors the accrual conditions of the Philippines and the
Filipinos during the decadent days of Spanish rule
 Both are instrumental in awakening the spirit of Filipino nationalism
 Both are responsible in paving the ground for Philippine Revolution that brought
about the downfall of Spain.
 El Filibusterismo is a true twin of Noli Me Tangere.

RIZAL’S UNFINISHED THIRD NOVEL

 September 22, 1891 Rizal wrote to Blumentritt saying that he’s thinking of writing
a third novel where ethics will play principal role.
 October 18, 1891 boarded the steamer Melbourne in Marseilles bound for Hong
Kong
 During the voyage he wrote the third novel in Tagalog in which he intended for
Tagalog readers
 In Hong Kong he continued it, but did not finish it because his Tagalog was
inadequate for literary purposes
 The unfinished 3th novel has no title
 It consists of 44 pages in Rizal’s handwriting
 The manuscript is still preserved in the Bureau of Public Libraries
 The hero of the novel was Kamandagan, a descendant of Lakan-Dula, last King of
Tondo. He plotted to regain the lost freedom of his fathers.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 It is said that Rizal was fortunate not to finish this novel, because it would have
caused greater scandal and more Spanish vengeance on him.
OTHER UNFINISHED NOVELS

 Makamisa
o A tagalong novel
o Written in light sarcastic style
o Incomplete with only 2 chapters
o Consists of only 20 pages
 Dapitan
o Written in Ironic Spanish
o He wrote it while in Dapitan to depict the town life and customs
o Consists of 8 pages.
 A novel in Spanish about a life in Pili, a town in Laguna
o Consists if 147 pages
o Without title
 Another unfinished novel of Rizal, also without a title, is about Cristobal, a youthful
Filipino student who has returned from Europe
o Consists of 34 pages
 The beginning of another novel is contained in two notebooks. The first notebook
contains 31 written pages while the second consists 12 pages.
o Written in Spanish and the style is ironic
V. Guide Questions
1. Using a Venn diagram, compare and contrast the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo. (4 points)
2. What was the inscription written in the title page part of the book? (4
points)
3. What are the unfinished novels of Dr. Jose Rizal? (4 points)
Areas of Assessment 4 3 2 1
Presents ideas in an Presents ideas in a Ideas are too Ideas are vague
Ideas original manner consistent manner general or unclear
Strong and Organized Some organization; No organization;
Organization organized beg/mid/end attempt at a lack beg/mid/end
beg/mid/end beg/mid/end
Writing shows strong Writing shows a Writing shows Writing shows
Understanding understanding clear adequate little
understanding understanding understanding
Sophisticated use of Nouns and verbs Needs more nouns Little or no use of
nouns and verbs make content and verbs nouns and verbs
Word Choice
make the content informative
very informative
Sentence structure Sentence structure Sentence structure No sense of
enhances meaning; is evident; is limited; sentences sentence
Sentence Structure flows throughout the sentences mostly need to flow structure or flow
piece flow
Source: https://bit.ly/3gD8Z5y
VI. Notes and Suggested Reading
Purpose of El Filibusterismo
Significant events in El Filibusterismo
VII. References
Zaide, G. & Zaide, M. (2014). Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius,
Writer, Scientist, and National Hero. Cubao, Quezon City: All-Nations Publishing
Co., Inc.
Ileto, Reynaldo. “Rizal and the underside of Philippine History” In Filipinos and
their Revolution: Event, Discourse, and Historiography. Quezon City: Ateneo de
Manila University Press, 1998.
Coates, Austin. Rizal: Filipino Nationalist and Martyr. Hongkong: Oxford
University Press, Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1969.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
Lesson 2: Ophthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong

I. Objectives
 Describe Rizal’s work as an ophthalmic surgeon;
 Create a list of Rizal’s writings on his stay in HongKong; and
 Reflect on the importance of establishing good family ties.
II. Time Frame: 3 hours
III. Values Integration: Family ties, Dedication for work

IV. Content

Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong, where he lived from November 1981 to June 1892

His reasons for leaving Europe:

1. Life was unbearable in Europe because pf his political differences with M.H.
Del Pilar and other Filipinos is Spain.
2. To be near his idolized Philippines and family
FAREWELL TO EUROPE

 Rizal left Ghent for Paris on October 3, 1891

 He proceeded by train to Marseilles and on October 18, he boarded the steamer
Melbourne bound for Hong Kong
 There were over 80 first-class passengers—mostly Europeans and 2 Spaniards
 He brought with him a letter of recommendation by Juan Luna for Manuel
Camus, a compatriot living in Singapore , and 600 copies of the El Filibusterismo
 He befriended many missionaries--- Italian Franciscans, French Jesuits, and a
bishop, Msgr. Velenteri—all going to China
 He also befriended Fr. Fuchs, a Tyrolese, which he enjoyed playing chess with.
He even wrote to Blumentritt saying:
“..He is a fine fellow, a Father Damaso without pride and malice..”

RIZAL AND THE GERMAN LADIES

One evening at a dinner time the passengers were having their meal in the dining
room. Rizal; being the only Asian, was eating alone at one table. Near him was a bigger
table occupied by some German ladies who were gaily eating anf gossiping about the lone
Asian male who was quietly taking his meal. Rizal, who was fluent in German, understood
what the talkative German ladies were saying about him, but he simply kept silent, letting
the ladies enjoy their gossip.

Suddenly the fast running steamer encountered a heavy squall and the door of the
dining room was blown open. Nobody among the passengers who were busy eating stood
up to close the door. A lady said to her companions in German: “If this man in front of us
were a gentleman he would close the door.”

Upon hearing her remark, Rizal without saying a word, rose and closed the door,
after which he resumed his seat. He then conversed with German ladies in perfect
German. Of course, the German ladies were very much embarrassed, and, thereafter they
treated Rizal with admiration and respect, despite his brown skin, for he was a cultured
gentleman.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
ARRIVED IN HONGKONG

 November 20, 1891- Rizal arrives in Hong Kong

 He was welcomed by the Filipino residents, especially his old friend, Jose Ma.
Basa.
 He then established his residence at No. 5 D’ Aguilar Street, No. 2 Rednaxola
Terrace, where he also opened his medical clinic
 December 1, 1891- he wrote his parents asking their permission to return home
 On the same date- his brother0in0law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, sent him a letter,
relating the sad news of the “deportation of twenty-five persons from Calamba,
including father, Neneng, Sisa, Lucia, Paciano, and the rest of us.” Also stated in
his letter that he was preparing a letter to the Queen Regent of Spain explaining
the Calamba situation in order to secure justice. Even saying such as:
“If the Queen will not listen, we will write to Queen Victoria of England
appealing for protection in the name of humanity...”

FAMILY REUNION IN HONG KONG

 Before Christmas of 1891, he was gladdened by the arrival of his father, brother,
and Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law) in Hong Kong
 Not long afterwards his mother and sisters Lucia, Josefa, and Trinidad also
arrived.
 January 21, 1892- he wrote to Blumentritt recounting their pleasant life in Hong
Kong as follows: “Here we are all living together, my parents, sisters, and brother
in peace and a far from persecutions they suffered in the Philippines. They are
very much pleased with the English government.”
OPHTHALMIC SURGEON IN HONG KONG

 Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques- a friend and admirer who helped him build up a wide
clientele.
 He successfully operated on his mother’s left eye so that she was able to read
and write again.
 January 31, 1892- writing to Blumentritt, he said:
“Here I practice as a doctor and I have... Here many sick of influenza because
there is an epidemic. Through the newspaper I am informed that this sickness
is also causing ravages in Europe. I hope you and your esteemed family will
be spared. In our house, my mother, my brother-in-law and one of my sisters
are sick. Thank God, they are out of danger.”

Rizal was given moral support and substantial aid in his medical practice in Hong Kong
from some of his friends in Europe:

 Mr. Boustead (father of Nelly Boustead)

o Wrote to him on March 21, 1892. Praising him for his
medical profession
 Dr, Ariston Bautista Lin
o Sent him a congratulatory letter and a book in Diagnostic
Pathology by Dr. H.Virchow and another medical book
entitled “TraiteDiagnostique by Mesnichock
 Don Antonio Vergel de Dios
o Offered him his services for the purchase pf medical books
and instruments which he might need in his profession
 Rizal possessed the qualities of a great ophthalmic surgeon.
 In the words of Dr. Geminiano de Ocampo, a distinguished Filipino
ophthalmologist:

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
“He had all the qualities that would make an ideal ophthalmic
surgeon- a keen and analytical intellect, lightness of touch and
artistry of a painter, courage and imperturbability, a broad and deep
knowledge of medicine and ophthalmology, and last but not the
least, he had been properly and adequately trained by master
ophthalmic surgeons.”

BORNEO COLONIZATION PROJECT

 Rizal conceived the establishment of a Filipino colony in North Borneo (Sabah)

 He planned to move those Filipino families to that British-owned island and carve
out of its virgin wilderness a “New Calamba”
 March 7, 1892- he went to Sandakan on board the ship Menon to negotiate with
the British authorities for the establishment of a Filipino colony.
 The British Authorities of Borneo were willing to give the Filipino colonists, 100,000
acres of land, a beautiful harbour and a good government for 999 years, free of all
charges.
 By April 20, he was back in Hong Kong
 Rizal friends in Europe enthusiastically endorsed his Borneo colonization project.
 Lopez Jaena express his desire to join the project and wrote to Rizal saying:
 “I have a great desire of joining you. Reserve for me there a piece
of land where I can plant sugarcane. I shall go there...to dedicate
myself to the cultivation of sugarcane and the making of sugar.
Send me further details.

 Hidalgo, on the other hand, objected to the colonization project saying:

 “This idea about Borneo, is no good. Why should we leave the
Philippines, this beautiful country of ours? And besides what will
people say? Why have we made all these sacrifices? Why should
we go to a foreign land without first exhausting all means for the
welfare of the country which nurtured us from our cradles? Tell me
that!”
 The infamous Weyler, whom the Cubans called “The Butcher”, was relieved of his
gubernatorial office.
 A new Governor General EulogioDespujol, the Count of Caspe, announced to the
Filipino people a fine program of government.
 Rizal sent him a letter of felicitation (dated December 23, 1891) and offering his
cooperation, but instead the governor did not even acknowledge receipt of his
letter.
 Rizal wrote a second letter (dated March 32, 1892), in his second letter, he
requested the governor general to permit the landless Filipinos to establish
themselves in Borneo.
 Despujol, did not give Rizal the “courtesy of a reply”. Instead, he notified the
Spanish consul general in Hong Kong to tell Rizal that he could not approve the
Filipino immigration to Borneo, alleging that, “the Philippines lacked labourers” and
“it was not very patriotic to go off and cultivate foreign soil”
WRITINGS IN HONG KONG

 He wrote “AngMgaKarapatan Nang Tao” (a tagalong translation of “The Rights of

Man” proclaimed by the French Revolution in 1789)
 About the same time (1891), he wrote “A la Nacion Española” (To the Spanish
Nation), which is an appeal to Spain to right the wrongs done to the Calamba
tenants.
 Another proclamation, entitled “Sa MgaKababayan” (To my Countrymen) was
written in December 1891 explaining the Calamba agrarian situation.
 Rizal contributed articles to the British daily newspaper, The Hong Kong
Telegraph, whose editor, Mr. Frazier Smith, was his friend.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 March 2, 1892- Rizal wrote “Una Visita a la Victoria Gaol” (A Visit to Victoria Gaol),
an account of his visit to the colonial prison of Hong Kong. In this article he
contrasted the cruel Spanish prison system with the modern and more humane
prison system.
 He wrote an article entitled “Colonisation du British North Borneo, par de Familles
de Iles Philippines” (Colonization of British North Borneo by Families from the
Philippine Islands) to elucidate his Borneo colonization project
 He elaborated on the same idea in another article in Spanish, “Proyecto de
Colonizacion del British North Borneo porlos Filipinos” (Project of the Colonization
of British North Borneo by the Philippines)
 June 1892- he wrote” La Mano Roja” (The Red Hand) which denounces the
frequent outbreaks of intentional fires in Manila.
 “Constitution of the Liga Filipina”
o Printed in 1892, was the most important writing made by Rizal during his
Hong Kong sojourn
 To deceive the Spanish authorities, the printed copies carries the false information
that the printing was done by the LONDON PRINTING PRESS, NO. 25, Khulug
Street, London.
 The idea of establishing the Liga Filipina was originally conceived by Jose Ma.
Basa, but it was Rizal who wrote its constitution and realized its establishment.
DECISION TO RETURN TO MANILA

 May 1892- Rizal made up his mind to return to Manila

 The decision was spurred by the following
o To confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Borneo colonization project
o To establish La Liga Filipina in Manila
o To prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid that
he being comfortable and safe in Hong Kong, had abandoned the country’s
cause
 Lete’s attack which was printed in La Solidaridad on April 15, 1892, portrayed Rizal
as cowardly. Egoistic, opportunistic—a patriot in words only
 Rizal protested to Del Pilar saying:
 “I am more convinced that Lete, in writing the article, was
too hasty, and you permitted yourself to be carried away.
Friend or enemy, if the article has harmed me, it would
harm more the interests if the Philippines. Who knows,
however, if after all it was for the best; it has shaken me
awake, and after a long silence I enter the field anew... I
am going to activate the Propaganda again and fortify the
Liga.”
 To Ponce, Rizal confided on May 23, 1892:
 “I am very sorry that Del Pilar allowed the article to be
published because it will lead many to believe that there is
really a schism among us. I believe that we can well have
little misunderstanding and personal differences among
ourselves, without exhibiting them in public.. As for myself...
i will always welcome criticism because they improve those
who wish to be improved”.
LAST HONG KONG LETTERS

 On June 19, 1892 he spent his 31st birthday in Hong Kong

 Evidently, he had premonition of his death, for the following day, June 20 he wrote
two letters which he sealed, inscribed in each envelop “to be opened after my death
and gave them to his friend, Dr. Marques for safekeeping.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
The two letters were addressed to (1) TO MY PARENTS, BRETHREN, AND
FRIENDS (2) TO THE FILIPINOS

The first letter was addressed TO MYPARENTS, BRETHREN, AND FRIENDS, is as

follows:

“The affection that I have ever professed for you suggests thisstep, and time alone
can tell whether or not it is sensible. The outcomejudges things according to the
consequences; but whether the result befavorable or unfavorable, it may always be said
that duty urged me, so if I diein doing it, it will not matter. I realize how much suffering I
have caused you yet I do not regretwhat I have done. Rather, if I had to begin over again
I should do just thesame, for what I have done has been only in pursuit of my duty. Gladly
do Igo to expose myself to peril, not as an expiation of misdeeds for in thismatter I believe
myself guiltless of any, but to complete my work and so thatI, myself, may offer the
examples of which I have always preached.

A man ought to die for duty and his principles. I hold fast to everyidea which I have
advanced as to the condition and future of ourcountry, and shall willingly die for it, and
even more willingly sacrifice all tosecure justice and peace for you. With pleasure, then, I
risk life to save so many innocent persons – somany nieces and nephews, so many
children of friends, and children too ofothers who are not even friend – who are suffering
on my account. What amI? A bachelor, practically without a family and sufficiently
undeceived as tolife. I have had many disappointments and the future before me isgloomy,
and will be gloomy if light does not illuminate it with dawn of abetter day for my native land.
On the other hand, there are manypersons, filled with hope and ambition, who perhaps
might be happier if Iwere dead, and then I hope my enemies would be satisfied and
stoppersecuting so many entirely innocent people. To a certain extent theirhatred is
justifiable as to myself, and my parents and relatives.

Should fate go against me, you will all understand that I shall diehappy in the
thought that my death will end all your troubles. Return to ourcountry and may you be
happy in it. Till the last moment of my life I shall be thinking of you and wishingyou all good
fortune and happiness.”

The second letter was addressed TO THE FILIPINOS, and is asfollows:

“The step which I am taking, or rather am about to take, isundoubtedly risky, and
it is unnecessary to say that I have considered it forsome time. I understand that almost
everyone is opposed to it; but I knowalso that hardly anybody else understands what is in
my heart. I cannot liveon seeing so many suffer unjust persecution on my account; I cannot
bearthe sight of my sisters and their numerous families treated like criminals. Iprefer death
and cheerfully shall relinquish life to free so many innocentpersons from such unjust
persecution.

I appreciate the fact that at present the future of our countrygravitates in some
degree around me, that at my death many will feeltriumphant, and thus, many are now
wishing for my fall. But what of it? Ihold duties of conscience above all else. I have
obligations to the familieswho suffer, to my aged parents whose sight strikes me to the
heart; I know that I alone, only my death can make them happy, returning them to
theirnative land to a peaceful life at home. I am all my parents have, but ourcountry has
many more sons who can take my place and even do my workbetter.

Besides I wish to show those who deny us the boon of patriotismthat we know how
to die for duty and principles. What matters death, if onedies for what one loves, for native
land and beings held dear?

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
If I thought that I were the only resource for the consummation of apolicy of
progress in the Philippines and were I convinced that mycountrymen were going to make
use of my services, perhaps, I shouldhesitate about taking this step; but there are others
who can take myplace, who can do my services that are not utilize, and I am reduced
toinactivity.

Always have I loved our unhappy land, and I am sure that I shallcontinue loving it
till my last moment, in case men prove unjust to me. Mycareer, my life, my happiness –
and all I have sacrificed for love of it.Whatever my fate I shall die blessing it and longing
for the dawn of itsredemption.

 June 21, 1892 – Rizal penned another letter in HK for Governor Despujol. In this
letter, he informed the governor general of his coming to Manila and placed himself
under the protection of the Spanish government.
 June 21, 1892 – (On the same date) Rizal and his sister Lucia left HK for Manila.
They carried a special passport or “safe-conduct” issued by the Spanish consul-
general in Hong Kong
RIZAL FALLS INTO SPANISH TRAP

 The Spanish consul-general sent a cablegram to Governor Despujol that the victim
“is in the trap”
 n the same day a secret case was filed in Manila against Rizal and his followers
“for anti-religious and anti-patriotic agitation”
 Despujol ordered his secretary, Luis de la Torre, to find out if Rizal was naturalized
as a German citizen, as was rumored, so that he might take proper action against
on “who had the protection of a strong nation”
 Meanwhile, Rizal and his sister were peacefully crossing the ChinaSea. They were
fully unaware of the Spanish duplicity.

V. Guide Questions
1. Do you agree with the Borneo Colonization? (4 points)
2. How did Dr. Rizal describe their family reunion in Hong Kong? (4 points)
3. What are the writings of Dr. Rizal in Hong Kong? (4 points)
Areas of Assessment 4 3 2 1
Presents ideas in an Presents ideas in a Ideas are too Ideas are vague
Ideas original manner consistent manner general or unclear
Strong and Organized Some organization; No organization;
Organization organized beg/mid/end attempt at a lack beg/mid/end
beg/mid/end beg/mid/end
Writing shows strong Writing shows a Writing shows Writing shows
Understanding understanding clear adequate little
understanding understanding understanding
Sophisticated use of Nouns and verbs Needs more nouns Little or no use of
nouns and verbs make content and verbs nouns and verbs
Word Choice
make the content informative
very informative
Sentence structure Sentence structure Sentence structure No sense of
enhances meaning; is evident; is limited; sentences sentence
Sentence Structure flows throughout the sentences mostly need to flow structure or flow
piece flow
Source: https://bit.ly/3gD8Z5y
VI. Notes and Suggested Reading
Nature of being an ophthalmologist
VII. References
Zaide, G. & Zaide, M. (2014). Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius,
Writer, Scientist, and National Hero. Cubao, Quezon City: All-Nations Publishing
Co., Inc.
Ileto, Reynaldo. “Rizal and the underside of Philippine History” In Filipinos and
their Revolution: Event, Discourse, and Historiography. Quezon City: Ateneo de
Manila University Press, 1998.
Coates, Austin. Rizal: Filipino Nationalist and Martyr. Hongkong: Oxford
University Press, Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1969.
Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya
Instructor
Lesson 3: Second Homecoming, The Liga Filipina and Exile in Dapitan

I. Objectives
 Describe Rizal’s second homecoming;
 Describe the duties of a La Liga Filipina member;
 Construct a list of Rizal’s fruitful achievements during his exile in
Dapitan; and
 Reflect on the idea of establishing a new league in the Philippines.
II. Time Frame: 3 hours
III. Values Integration: Love for the country, National Values

IV. Content

June, 1892-Rizal’s bold return to Manila. It is also his second homecoming. It was
August 1887 when he has his first homecoming from abroad.

He told his countrymen in Europe, “The battlefield is in the Philippines.”

Two months later, on December 21, 1891 he reiterated this belief in a letter to
Blumentritt, “I believe that La Solidaridad is no longer our battlefield; now is a new
struggle… the fight is no longer in Madrid.”

ARRIVAL IN MANILA WITH SISTER

June 26, 1892

 At noon, Rizal and his widowed sister Lucia, (wife of the late Mariano Herbosa)
arrived in Manila
 Rizal described his second homecoming as follows:
“I arrived at Manila on 26 June (1892), Sunday, at 12:00 noon. I was
met by many carabineers headed by a major. There were in addition
one captain and one sergeant of the Veteran Civil Guard. I came down
with my luggage and they inspected me at the customhouse. From
there I went to Hotel de Oriente where I occupied roon No. 22, facing
the church of Binondo.”

“I afternoon, at 4:00 o’clock, he went to Malacanan Palace to seek

audience with the Spanish Governor General. General
EulogioDespujol, Conde de Caspe. He was told to come back at that
night at 7:00 o’clock. Promptly at 7:00 p.m., he returned to Malacanan
and was able to confer with Governor General Despujol, who agreed
to pardon his father but not the rest of his family and told him to return
on Wednesday (June 29).

 After his brief interview with the Governor General, he visited his sisters in the city-
--- first Narcisa (Sisa, wife of Antonio Lopez) and later Neneng (Saturnina, wife of
Manuel T. Hidalgo).
VISITING FRIENDS IN CENTRAL LUZON

 6:00 P.M. of the following day, (June 27)

o Rizal boarded a train in Tutuban Station and visited his friends in the
following places:
 Malolos, Bulacan
 San Fernando, Pampanga
 Tarlac, Tarlac
 Bacoor, Pampanga

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 5:00 P.M. of June 28
o Rizal retuned by train to Manila whether he knew it or not, he was
shadowed by the government spies who watched carefully his every
moment
 The homes he visited were raided by the Guardia Civil which seized some copies
of the Noli and Fili and some “subversive” pamphlets.
OTHER INTERVIEWS WITH DESPUJOL

 Wednesday (June 29-Z) at 7:30-9:15

o I saw his Excellency. I did not succeed to have the penalty of exile lifted,
but he gave me the hope with regard to my sisters. As it was the feast of
St. Peter and St. Paul our interview ended 9:15. I was to come again the
following day at 7:30.
 Thursday (June 30)
o We talked about the question of Borneo. The general was opposed to it,
very much opposed. He told me to come back on Saturday.
 On Sunday (July 3--Z)
o We talked about sundry things and I thanked him for having lifted the exile
of my sisters. I told him that my father and brother would arrive on the first
boat. He asked me if I would like to go abroad to Hong Kong. I told him,
“Yes”. He told me to return on Wednesday.
FOUNDING OF THE LIGA FILIPINA

 July 3, 1972
o Rizal attended a meeting of the patriots at the home of the Chinese-Filipino
mestizo on Ylaya Street, Tondo, Manila. Rizal explained the objectives of
the Liga Filipina, a civic league of the Filipinos. He presented the
Constitution of the Liga which he had written in Hong Kong. The patriots
were impressed and approved the establishment of the Liga.
 Objectives of the Liga Filipina
o A civic league of Filipinos, which he desired to establish and its role on the
socio-economic life of the people.
 Constitution of Liga Filipina- the aims of the Liga Filipina, as embodied in its
Constitution, were the following:
1. To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and homogenous body.
2. Mutual protection in evert want and necessity.
3. Defense against all violence and injustice.
4. Encouragement of education, agriculture, and commerce.
5. Study and application of reforms.
 Motto of Liga Filipina was: Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All)
 Duties of Liga Filipina Members
1. To obey the orders of the Supreme Council
2. To help in recruiting new members
3. To keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of the Liga authorities
4. To have a symbolic name which he cannot change until he becomes president
of his council
5. To report to the fiscal anything that he may hear which affects the Liga
6. To behave well as befits a good Filipino
 Officers of the New League
o Jose Rizal, Founder
o Ambrosio Salvador, President
o Agustin dela Rosa, Fiscal
o Bonifacio Arevalo, Treasurer
o Deodato Arellano, Secretary of the first Supreme leader of Katipunan
 Rizal Arrested and Jailed in Fort Santiago
o On Wednesday, July 6, Rizal went to Malacañan Palace to resume his
series of interviews with the Governor General
Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya
Instructor
o The Governor General showed some printed leaflets which were allegedly
found in Lucia’s pillow cases.
o These incriminatory leaflets were entitled PobresFrailes (Poor Friars)
o Despite the denial of Rizal, he was placed under arrest and escorted to
Fort Santiago by Ramon Despujol, nephew and aide of Governor General
Despujol.
o July 7, Gaceta de Manila published the story of Rizal’s arrest which
produced indignant commotion among the Filipino people particularly the
members of the newly organized Liga Filipina.

 ARBITRARY DEPORTATION TO DAPITAN

o The same issue of the Gaceta (July 7, 1892) contained Governonr General
Despujol’s decree deporting Rizal to “one if the islands in the South”. The
gubernatorial decree gave the reasons for Rizal’s deportations as follows:
1. Rizal published books and articles abroad which showed disloyalty to
Spain which were “frankly anti-Catholic and prudently anti-friar”.
2. A few hours after his arrival “there was found in this packages “a bundle
of handbills entitled “PobresFrailes”.
3. His novel “El Filibusterismo” was dedicated to the memory of the three
traitors.
4. The end to which he pursues in his efforts and writings is to tear form
the loyal Filipino breasts the reassures if our Holy Catholic Faith.

 July 15, 1892 (12:30 a.m.)

o Rizal was brought under heavy guard to the steamer Cebu which was ailing
to Dapitan (1:00 a.m.) the steamer under Captain Delgras departed sailing
South, passing Mindoro and Panay.

 July 17, 1892

o Reached Dapitan at 7:00 in the evening. Captain Delgras handed Rizal
over to Captain Ricardo Carnicero, Spanish commandant of Dapitan. The
same night, Rizal began his exile in Dapitan which would last until July 21,
1896, a period of four years.
EXILE IN DAPITAN

Rizal lived in far-away Dapitan, a remote town in Mindanao. The place is under
missionary jurisdiction for four years. This four-year interregnum in his life was tediously
unexciting, but was abundantly fruitful with varied achievements.

o Practiced medicine
o Pursued scientific studies
o Continued his artistic and literary works
o Widened his knowledge of language
o Established a school for boys
o Promoted community development projects
o Invented a wooden machine for making bricks
o Engaged in farming and commerce
When Rizal landed Dapitan on July 17, 1892:

BEGINNING OF EXILE IN DAPITAN

Rizal could only live at the Parish Convent in the following conditions:

1. “That Rizal publicly retract from errors concerning religion and make
statements that were clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution.”

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
2. “That he perform the church rites and make a general confession of his past
life.”
3. “That henceforth he conduct himself in an exemplary manner as a Spanish
subject and a man of religion.”
Rizal did not agree with the conditions. Consequently, he lived in the house of the
commandant, Captain Carnicero. Their relationship was warm and friendly.

WINS IN MANILA LOTTERY

 On September 21, 1892- the lottery ticket (Lottery Ticket No. 9763) owned by
Rizal, Captain Carnicero and Francisco Equilior (Spanish resident of Dipolog, a
neighboring town of Dapitan) won the second prize of P 20, 000.00 in the
government owned Manila Lottery.
 Rizal’s winning the lottery reveals the aspect of his lighter side. He never drank
hard liquor and ever smoked, but he was a lottery addict.
Out of the P 20,000, Rizal’s share was P6, 200.00. He gave his friend Basa, in
Hong Kong P 200.00. His father received the P 2,000.00 and the P4, 000.00 for
his investment.

RIZAL-PASTELLS DEBATE ON RELIGION

 The debate started when Pastells sent Rizal a book by Sarda along with an advice
that Rizal should desist from his majaderas (foolishness) in viewing religion from
the perspective of individual judgement and self-esteem
 The debate can be read in four (4) letters.
 Rizal was bitter against the friars because they commit abuses under the cloak of
religion.
 Father Pastells tried to bring back to Catholicism Rizal by telling him that human
intelligence is limited, thus he needs the guidance of God.
 Behind the debate, Pastells and Rizal were friends as evidently pictured when
1. Pastells gave Rizal a copy of Imitacion de Cristo by Thomas a Kempis
2. Rizal gave Pastells which he had made Rizal continued to hear mass
and celebrate religious events.
RIZAL CHALLENGES A FRENCHMAN TO A DUEL

 While Rizal was still debating with Father Pastells by means of exchange of letters,
he became involved in a quarrel with a French acquaintance in Dapitan, Mr. Juan
Lardet, a businessman. This man purchased many logs from the lands of Rizal. It
so happened that some of the logs were of poor quality.
 After Lardet sent a letter to Antonio Miranda, one of Rizal’s friend, expressed his
disgust with the business deal and stated that if Rizal were a truthful man, he would
have told me that the lumber not included in the account were bad.
 Miranda indiscreetly forwarded Lardet’s letter to Rizal. One of the hero’s
weaknesses, it should be noted was his sensitivity.
 Rizal flared up in anger and confronted Lardet and challenged him for a duel.
 After hearing about the duel, Captain Carnicero told the Frenchman to apologize
rather than to accept the challenge.
“My friend, you have not a Chinaman’s chance in a fight with Rizal on
a field of honor. Rizal is an expert in martial arts, particularly in fencing
and pistol shooting.”

 March 30, 1893- Lardet sent a letter of apology to Rizal about his insulting
comment.
RIZAL AND FATHER SANCHEZ

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 Rizal’s favorite teacher at the Ateneo de Manila
 He was the only Spanish priest to defend Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere in public.
 Fr. Sanchez and Rizal argued in a friendly manner but all the efforts of Sanchez
were in vain.
 Fr. Sanchez enjoyed the latter’s company and he even assisted Rizal in beautifying
the town plaza.
 On his birthday, Rizal gave him a precious birthday gift—a manuscript entitled
Estudiossobre la lenguatagala (Studies on the Tagalog Language),--- a Tagalog
grammar which Rizal wrote and which he dedicated to his beloved former teacher.
IDYLLIC LIFE IN DAPITAN

 August, 1893- members of his family took turns in visiting him in order to assuage
his loneliness in isolated outpost of Spanish power in the Moroland. Among them
were his mother; sisters Trinidad, Maria, Narcisa; and nephews Teodosio,
Estanislao, Mauricio, and Prudencio.
RIZAL’S ENCOUNTER WITH FRIAR’S SPY

 The spy with assumed name Pablo Mercado and posing as a relative, secretly
visited Rizal at his house on the night of November 3, 1893.
 This strange visitor offered his services as a confidential courier of Rizal’s letters
and writings for the patriots in Manila.
 Rizal, being a man of prudence and keen perceptions, became suspicious. As the
host, he invited the unwanted visitor to stay at his house.
 After the departure of his bogus relative, Rizal attended his daily chores. Later he
learned that the rascal was still in Dapitan, telling the people that he was a beloved
relative of Dr. Rizal. Losing his cool, Rizal went to the comandacia and denounced
the impostor to Captain Juan Sitges (who succeeded Captain Carnicero on May
4, 1893) as a commandant of Rizal.
 Sitges ordered to arrest “Pablo Mercado”
 His real name was Florencio Namanan, he was a native of Cagayan de Misamis,
single and about 30 years old.
 He was hired by the Recollect friars to a secret mission--- to introduce himself to
Rizal as a friend and relative, to spy on Rizal’s activities, and to fitch certain letters
and writings of Rizal which might incriminate him in the revolutionary movement
AS A PHYSICIAL IN DAPITAN

 Rizal practiced medicine in Dapitan

 Rizal gave free medicine due to the poorness of the people. On the other hand,
those rich patients did pay him for his surgical skills.
 August, 1893- Rizal’s mother and sister (Maria) arrived in Dapitan and lived with
him for one year and a half.
 Rizal operated his mother’s right eye. The operation was successful but Dona
Teodora, ignoring her son’s instructions, removed the bandages from her eyes,
thereby causing the wound to be infected.
 Rizal told to Hidalgo, his brother-in-law,” Now I understand very well why a
physician should not treat the members of his family.”
 Rizal became famous as a physician—particularly as an eye specialist.
 He had many patients who came from different parts of the Philippines—from
Luzon, Bohol, Cebu Panay, Negros, and Mindanao –and even in Hong Kong.
 He had a rich Filipino patient, Don Ignacio Tumarong, he was able to see again
because of Rizal’s ophthalmic skill; and highly gratified by the restoration of his
sight, he paid P3, 000.00.
 Another rich patient, and Englishman, paid P500.00
 Don Florencio Azacarraga, a rich hacendero of Aklan, was also cured of eye
ailment, and paid Rizal a cargo of sugar.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 As a physician, Rizal became interested in local medicine and in the use of
medicinal plant.
WATER SYSTEM IN DAPITAN

 Rizal held the title of expert surveyor (perito agrimensor), which he obtained from
Ateneo.
 He supplemented his training as a surveyor by reading engineering books.
 In Dapitan, he applied his knowledge of engineering by constructing a system of
waterworks in order to furnish clean water to the town people.
 Mr. H.F. Cameron, an American engineer, praised Rizal’s engineering feat.
COMMUNITY PROJECTS IN DAPITAN

 Aside from constructing the town’s first water system, he spent many months
draining the marshes in order to get rid of malaria that infested Dapitan.
 He used his P500 for the lighting system. This lighting system consisted of coconut
oil lamps placed in the dark streets of Dapitan.
 Another project of Rizal is the beautification of Dapitan. With the help of his former
Jesuit teacher, he remodeled the town plaza in order to enhance its beauty.
RIZAL AS TEACHER

Since boyhood, Rizal knew the importance of good education. His exile in Dapitan
gave him the opportunity to put into practice his educational ideas.

 In 1893, he established a school which existed until the end of his exile in July,
1896.
 It began with three pupils and in the course of time the enrolment increased to 16
and later to 21.
 Rizal taught his boys reading, writing, languages (Spanish and English),
geography, history, mathematics (arithmetic and geometry), industrial work, nature
study, moral and gymnastics.
 Rizal conducted his school in Talisay, near Dapitan, where he had his farm and
hospital.
 His favorite rendezvous with his boys was under a Talisay tree, after which the
place was named. In honor to Talisay, he wrote a poem entitled “Himno A Talisay”
for his pupils to sing.
CONTIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE

 During his four-year exile in Dapitan, Rizal built up a rich collection of concology
which consisted of 346 shells representing 203 species.
 He discovered some rare specimens which were named in his honor by the
scientists. Among these were Draco rizali (a flying dragon), Apogoniarizali (a small
bettle), and Rhacophorus rizali (a rare frog).
LINGUISTICS STUDIES

 A born linguist, Rizal continued his studies in language.

 In Dapitan, he learned the Bisayan, Subanum, and Malay languages.
 By that time, Rizal could rank with the world’s great linguist.
 He knew languages as follows: Tagalog, Ilokano, Bisayan, Subanun, Spanish,
Latin, Greek, English, French, German, Arabic, Malay, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Dutch,
Catalan, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Portugese, Swedish, and Russian.
ARTISTIC WORKS IN DAPITAN

 Rizal contributed his painting skill to the Sisters of Charity who were preparing the
sanctuary of the Holy Virgin in their private chapel.
 He modelled a statuette called “The Mother’s Revenge”

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 Other sculptural works of Rizal in Dapitan were a bust of Father Guerrico (one of
his Ateneo professors). A statue of a girl called “The Dapitan Girl”
 A woodcarving of Josephine Bracken (his wife)
 A bust of St. Paul which he gave to Father Pastells
RIZAL AS FARMER

 In Dapitan, Rizal devoted much of his time to agriculture.

 He bought 16 hectares of land in Talisay where he built his home, school and
hospital, and planted cacao, sugarcane, coconut, fruit trees.
 Later, he acquired more lands until his total holding reached 70 hectares,
containing 6,000 hemp plants, 1,000 coconut trees, and numerous fruit trees,
sugarcane, corn, coffee, and cacao.
 He wrote to his sister Trinidad, “My land”, “is half an hour from the sea. It is very
poetic and very picturesque. If you and our parents come I will build a big house
we can all live in.”
RIZAL AS BUSINESSMAN

 Aside from farming, Rizal engaged in business. In partnership with Ramon

Carreon, a Dapitan merchant, he made profitable business ventures in fishing,
copra, and hemp industries.
 January 19, 1893- Rizal expressed in his letter to Hidalgo that he’s planning to
improve the fishing industry in Dapitan.
 The most profitable business venture of Rizal in Dapitan was in the hemp industry.
 May 14, 1893- Rizal and Ramon Carreon formed a business partnership in lime
manufacturing.
 To break the Chinese monopoly on business in Dapitan, Rizal organized on
January 1, 1895 the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers.

RIZAL’S INVENTIVE ABILITY

 One little-known fact about Rizal was that he was also an inventor.
 1887- While practicing medicine in Calamba, he invented a lighter which he sent
to Blumentritt. He called it “sulpukan”. This unique cigarette lighter was made of
wood. “It’s mechanism”. Rizal said, “Based on the principle of compressed air.
 During the exile in Dapitan, he invented a machine for making bricks. This machine
could manufacture 6,000 bricks daily.
MY RETREAT

 February, 1895- Dona Teodora, with her eyesight fully restored, returned to Manila.
During her long stay in Dapitan, she saw how busy her talented son was.
 She requested Rizal to write poetry again.
 In response to her request, Rizal wrote a beautiful poem about his serene life as
an exile in Dapitan and sent it to her on October 22, 1895.
 This poem was “MiRetiro” (My Retreat), which is acclaimed by literary critics as
one of the best ever penned by Rizal.
RIZAL AND JOSEPINE BRACKEN

 In the silent hours of the night after the day’s hard work, Rizal often sad. He misses
his friends and family and his adventures. What saddened him the most is the
death of Leonor Rivera on August 23, 1893. That left a poignant in his heart.
 In God’s time, that “somebody” came to Dapitan, like a sunbeam to dispel his
melancholy mood. She was Josephine Bracken.
 Josephine Bracken is an Irish girl of sweet eighteen, “slender, a chestnut blond,
with blue eyes, dressed with elegant simplicity, with an atmosphere of light gayety”.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 She was born in Hong Kong on October 3, 1876 of Irish parents—James Bracken,
a corporal in the British garrison, and Elizabeth Jane MacBride.
 She was adopted by Mr. George Taufer because her mother died in childbirth.
 No ophthalmic specialist in Hong Kong could cure Mr, Taufer’s blindness so he
was accompanied by Josephine to Manila to seek services of the famous
ophthalmic surgeon. Dr. Rizal.
 They heard in the city that Dr. Rizal was in Dapitan, where they proceeded—
accompanied by a Filipina companion, Manuela Orac. They presented to Rizal a
card of introduction by Julio Llorente, his friend and schoolmate.
 Rizal and Josephine fell in love with each other at first sight
 After a month of a whirlwind romance, they agreed to get married. Unfortunately,
Fr. Obach, the priest in Dapitan, refused to marry then without the permission of
the Bishop of Cebu.
 When Mr. Taufer heard about their projected marriage, the flared up in violent rage.
Unable to endure the thought of losing Josephine, he tried to commit suicide by
cutting off his throat with a razor. Rizal, however, grabbed his wrists and prevented
him from killing himself.
 To avoid tragedy, Josephine went with Taufer to Manila by the first available
steamer.
 Mr. Taufer returned to Hong Kong alone and Josephine stayed in Manila with
Rizal’s family.
 Later she returned to Dapitan. Since no priest would marry them, Rizal and
Josephine held hands together and married themselves before the eyes of God.
 Rizal and Josephine lived happily in Dapitan. In several letters to his family, Rizal
praised Josephine and revealed his new happiness. He was no longer lonely,
Dapitan had become for him a heaven of bliss.
 At one time, Rizal wrote a poem for Josephine entitled, “Josephine, Josephine”.
 In the early part of 1896, Rizal extremely happy because Josephine was expecting
a baby. Unfortunately, he played a prank on her that is why she prematurely gave
birth to an eight-month baby boy, who lived only for three hours. This lost son of
Rizal was named “Francisco” in honor of Don Francisco (the hero’s father) and
was buried in Dapitan
RIZAL AND KATIPUNAN

 While Rizal was mourning the loss of his son, ominous clouds of revolution
gradually darkened the Philippine skies.
 Andres Bonifacio, the “Great Plebeian” was sowing the seeds of an armed
uprising. The secret revolutionary society called it Katipunan, which he founded on
July 7, 1892, was gaining more and more adherents.
 May 2, 1896- secret meeting of Katipunan took place at a little river called
BitukanManok, near the town of Pasig. Dr. Pio Valenzuela was ordered to inform
Rizal of the plan of the Katipunan
 June 15- Dr. Valenzuela left Manila on board the steamer Venus
 June 21, 1896- Dr. Valenzuela arrived in Dapitan in the evening of that day.
 Rizal objected to Bonifacio’s audacious project to plunge the country in bloody
revolution. He was of the sincere belief that it was premature, for two reasons: (1)
the people are not ready for revolution (2) arms and funds must first be collected
before raising the cry of revolution.
 He also disapproved of the other plan of the Katipunan to rescue him because he
had given his word of honor to the Spanish authorities and he did not want to break
it.
VOLUNTEERS AS MILITARY DOCTOR IN CUBA

 Months before the Katipunan invited him, Rizal had offered his services as a
military doctor in Cuba.
 December 17, 1895-Rizal wrote a letter to Governor General Ramon Blanco,
Despujo’s successor, offering his services in Cuba
Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya
Instructor
 When he least expected it, a letter from Governor General Blanco dated July 1,
1896 arrived in Dapitan, notifying him of the acceptance of his offer.
 Rizal’s joy receiving the gladsome news, he wrote his hear-warming poem “El
Canto del Viajero” (The Song of the Traveler)
ADIOS, DAPITAN

 July 31, 1896- Rizal four year exile in Dapitan ended. At midnight of that date, he
embarked on board the steamer España.
 He was accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa, Angelica (Narcisa’s daughter), his
three nephews and six pupils.
 As farewell music, the town brass band strangely played the dolorous Funeral
March of Chopin.

V. Guide Questions
1. What do you think is the reason why Dr. Rizal said, “The battlefield is in the
Philippines”? (4 points)
2. What are the duties of the Liga Filipina Members? (4 points)
3. Write the fruitful achievements of Dr. Jose Rizal during his exile in Dapitan?
(4 points)
4. If you were Dr. Rizal, would you also choose to establish a new league in the
Philippines? (4 points)
Areas of Assessment 4 3 2 1
Presents ideas in an Presents ideas in a Ideas are too Ideas are vague
Ideas original manner consistent manner general or unclear
Strong and Organized Some organization; No organization;
Organization organized beg/mid/end attempt at a lack beg/mid/end
beg/mid/end beg/mid/end
Writing shows strong Writing shows a Writing shows Writing shows
Understanding understanding clear adequate little
understanding understanding understanding
Sophisticated use of Nouns and verbs Needs more nouns Little or no use of
nouns and verbs make content and verbs nouns and verbs
Word Choice
make the content informative
very informative
Sentence structure Sentence structure Sentence structure No sense of
enhances meaning; is evident; is limited; sentences sentence
Sentence Structure flows throughout the sentences mostly need to flow structure or flow
piece flow
Source: https://bit.ly/3gD8Z5y
VI. Notes and Suggested Reading
Other significant events in Rizal’s exile in Dapitan
Rizal’s significant moments before his death
VII. References
Zaide, G. & Zaide, M. (2014). Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius,
Writer, Scientist, and National Hero. Cubao, Quezon City: All-Nations Publishing
Co., Inc.
Ileto, Reynaldo. “Rizal and the underside of Philippine History” In Filipinos and
their Revolution: Event, Discourse, and Historiography. Quezon City: Ateneo de
Manila University Press, 1998.
Coates, Austin. Rizal: Filipino Nationalist and Martyr. Hongkong: Oxford
University Press, Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1969.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
Lesson 4: Last Trip Abroad and Last Homecoming and Trial

I. Objectives
 Describe Rizal’s last trip abroad and last homecoming trial;
 Create a list of evidences against Rizal during his preliminary
investigation; and
 Reflect on the significance of Rizal’s execution in today’s judiciary
system.
II. Time Frame: 3 hours
III. Values Integration: Good judgment, Love for the Country

IV. Content

No longer an exile, Rizal had a pleasant trip from Dapitan to Manila, with
delightful stopovers in Dumaguete, Cebu, Iloilo, Capiz and Romblon.

FROM DAPITAN TO MANILA

 July 31, 1896- left Dapitan for Manila

 August 1, 1896- it anchored at Dumaguete, the capital of Negros Oriental
 In Dumaguete, Rizal visited his friend and former classmate, Herrero Regidor, who
was the judge of the province.
 He also visited some friends, including the Periquet and Rufina families.
 The steamer España left Dumaguete about 1:00 p.m. and reached Cebu the
following morning.
 In Cebu he met a couple he once met in Madrid. In his diary he wrote also that he
did two operations of strabotomy and one operation on the ears, and another of
tumor.
 In the morning of August 3, Rizal left Cebu going to Iloilo
 The next day, in the morning, Rizal entered Iloilo. He went shopping in the city and
visited Molo.
 Of the Molo church he commented,“The church is pretty outside and the interior is
not bad, considering that it had been painted by a lad. The paintings are mostly
copies of biblical scenes by Gustave Dore.
 From Iloilo, Rizal’s ship sailed to Capiz. After a brief stopover, it proceeded towards
Manila via Romblon.
RIZAL MISSES SHIP GOING TO SPAIN

 August 6 (Thursday) - the España arrived in Manila Bay early in the morning
 Sadly, Rizal was not able to catch the mail ship Isla de Luzon for Spain because it
had departed the previous day at 5:00 p.m.
 Near midnight of the same day, August 6, Rizal was transferred to the Spanish
cruiser, Castilla, by order of Governor General Ramon Blanco.
 He was given a good accommodation by the gallant captain, Enrique Santalo.
 Rizal stayed in the cruiser for about a month, from August 6 to September 2, 1896,
pending the availability of a Spain-bound steamer.

OUTBREAK OF THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION

 While Rizal was patiently waiting on the cruiser Castilla for the next steamer to
take him to Spain, portentous events occurred, presaging the downfall of Spanish
power in Asia.
 August 19, 1896- the Katipunan plot to overthrow Spanish rule by means of
revolution was discovered by Fray Mariano Gil.
 The tumult produced by the discovery of the Katipunan plot was aggravated by the
“Cry of Balintawak” which was raised by Bonifacio and his valiant Katipuneros on
August 26, 1896.
Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya
Instructor
 At sunrise of August 30 the revolutionists led by Bonifacio and Jacinto attacked
San Juan
 In the afternoon, after the Battle in San Juan, Governor General proclaimed a state
of wat in the first eight provinces for riing in arms against Spain---Manila (as a
province), Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, and
Tarlac.
 Rizal learned about the revolution and the raging battles around Manila through
newspapers he read on the Castilla.
 He was worried for two reasons: (1) the violent revolution which he sincerely
believed to be premature and would only cause much suffering and terrible loss of
human lives and property, (2) it would arouse Spanish vengeance against all
Filipino patriots.
DEPARTURE FOR SPAIN

 August 30, 1896- the day when the state of war proclaimed in the eight provinces,
Rizal received from Governor General Blanco two letters of introduction for the
Minister of War and the Minister of Colonies, with a covering letter which absolved
him from all blame for the raging revolution.
 At 6:00 p.m., September 2, Rizal was transferred to the steamer Isla de Panay
which was sailing for Barcelona, Spain.
 The next morning, September 3, this steamer left Manila Bay.
RIZAL IN SINGAPORE

 Isla de Panay arrived at Singapore in the evening of September 7.

 Don Pedro, with his son, disembarked at Singapore. He advised Rizal to stay
behind too and take advantage of the protection of the British law. Rizal did not
heed his advice. Several Filipino residents of Singapore, headed by Don Manuel
Camus, boarded the steamer, urging him to stay in Singapore to save his life. He
also ignored their appeal because he has given his word of honor to Governor
General Blanco and he did not like to break it.
VICTIM OF SPANISH DUPLICITY

 By refusing to break his word of honor in Singapore, Rizal sealed his own doom.
For without his knowledge, Governor General Blanco was secretly conspiring with
the Ministers of War and the Colonies (ultramar) for his destruction.
 The truth of the matter, as now substantiated by the declassified documents in the
Ministries of War and Colonies was that Blanco was his implacable foe, who
regarded him as a dangerous Filipino.
 Rizal was unaware that since his departure from Manila Bay on his way to Spain,
Blanco and the Ministers of War and Colonies were exchanging coded telegrams
and confidential messages for his arrest upon reaching Barcelona and that he was
a deportee and was being secretly kept under surveillance.
RIZAL ARRESTED BEFORE REACHING BARCELONA

 The Isla de Panay, with Rizal on board, left Singapore at 1:00 p.m., September 8.
 Unaware of the Spanish duplicity, particularly of Governor General Blanco’s
infernal deceit, he happily continued the voyage towards Barcelona
 On September 25, he saw the steamer Isla de Luzon, leaving the Suez Canal,
crammed with Spanish troops.
 September 27, he heard from the passengers that a telegram arrived in Manila
reporting the execution of Francisco Roxas, Genato and Osorio
 September 28, a day after the steamer had left Port Said (Mediterranean terminus
of the Suez Canal), a passenger told Rizal the bad news that he would be arrested
by order of Governor General Blanco and would be sent to prison in Cueta
(Spanish Morocco), opposite of Gibraltar.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
 Shocked by the alarming news, Rizal belatedly realized that he was duped by the
unscrupulous Spanish officials, especially Governor General Blanco.
 With agonizing heart, he wrote a letter to his best friend, Blumentritt.
 There was nothing official yet about his impending arrest; it was still merely
shipboard gossip.
 On September 29, Rizal wrote in his travel diary: “There are people on board who
do nothing but slander me and invent fanciful stories about me. I’m going to
become a legendary personage.”
 September 29, at 4:00 p.m. he was officially notified by Captain Alemany that he
should stay in his cabin until further notice in Manila.
ARRIVAL IN BARCELONA AS A PRISONER

 September 30- At about 6:25 p.m. the steamer anchored at Malta.

 October 3, at 10:00 o’clock in the morning, the Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona,
with Rizal as a prisoner on board.
 The trip from Manila to Barcelona lasted exactly 30 days. He was kept under heavy
guard in his cabin for three days
 His jailor was no longer the ship captain but the Military Commander of Barcelona,
who happened to be General EulogioDespujol, the same one who ordered his
banishment to Dapitan in July 1892.
 October 6- at 3:00 a.m., Rizal was awakened by the guards and escorted to the
grim and infamous prison fortress maned Monjuich. He spent the whole morning
in a cell.
 About 2:00 in the afternoon, he was taken out of prison by the guards and brought
ti the headquarters of General Despujol. In the interview, which lasted a quarter of
an hour, the brusque general told Rizal that he would be shipped back to Manila
on board at the transport ship Colon, which was leaving that evening.
 After the interview, Rizal was taken aboard the Colon which was full of soldiers
and officers and their families
 At 8:00 p.m. of October 6, the ship left Barcelona with Rizal on board.
LAST HOMECOMING AND TRIAL

Rizal’s homecoming in 1896, the last in his life, was his saddest return to his
beloved native land.

A MARTYR’S LAST HOMECOMING

 Since the day Rizal left from Barcelona, Rizal conscientiously recorded the events
in his diary.
 He was also given a good cabin though it was a second class
 He described his guard as “seems amiable, refined, and polite, consistent with
seriousness of his duty.”
 October 8- A friendly officer told Rizal that the Madrid newspapers were full of
stories about the bloody revolution in the Philippines and were blaming him for it.
 On the same date, Rizal wrote in his diary.
“I believe that what God is doing to me is a blessing, allowing me to go
back to the Philippines in order to be able to destroy such accusations.
Because, either they do me justice and recognize my innocence and
then I will be rehabilitated or they sentence me to death and thereby,
before the eyes of society, I atone for my supposed crime. Society will
forgive me and later, without any doubt, justice will be done me and I will
be one more martyr. At any rate, instead of dying abroad or in the
manigua (jungle in Cuba), I’ll die in my own country.. I believe that what
I happening is the best that can happen to me. Always let God’s will be
done! I feel more calm with regard to my future… I fell that peace has
descended upon me, thank God! Thou art my hope and my consolation!
Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya
Instructor
Let your will be done; I am ready to obey it. Either I will be condemned
or absolved. I’m happy and ready.”

CONFICATION OF RIZAL’S DIARY

 It was known to the Spanish authorities on board the Colon that Rizal was
keeping track of the daily events in his diary.
 October 11- before reaching the Port Said, Rizal’s diary was taken away
and was critically scrutinized by the authorities.
 November 2- the diary was returned to Rizal
UNSUCCESSFUL RESCUE IN SINGAPORE

 News about Rizal’s predicament reached his friends in Europe and

Singapore.
 From London, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez dispatched frantic
telegrams to an English lawyer in Singapore named Hugh Fort to rescue
Rizal from the Spanish steamer when it reached Singapore by means of
writ of habeas corpus.
 When the Colon arrived in Singapore, Atty. Fort instituted proceedings at
the Singapore Court for the removal if Rizal from the steamer.
 The Chief Justice Loinel Cox denied the writ in the ground that the Colon
was carrying Spanish troops to the Philippines.
ARRIVAL IN MANILA

 November 3- Colon reached Manila

 Meanwhile, the Spanish authorities fished for evidence against Rizal.
Many Filipino patriots, including Deodato Arellano, Dr. Pio Valenzuela,
Moises Salvador, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, were brutally tortured to
implicate Rizal. Rizal’s own brother, Paciano, was arrested and cruelly
tortures.
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

 November 20- the preliminary investigation began. Rizal the accused,

appeared before the Judge Advocate, Colonel Francisco Olive.
 He was subjected to a grueling five-day investigation
 Two kinds of evidence were presented against Rizal, namely the
documentary and testimonial.
Documentary Evidence

1. A letter from Antonio to Mariano Ponce dated Madrid October 16, 1888,
showing Rizal connection with the Filipino reform campaign in Spain.
2. A letter of Rizal to his family, dated Madrid, August 20, 1890, stating that
the deportations are good for they will encourage the people to
hate tyranny.
3. A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Deodato Arellano, dated Madrid,
January 7, 1889, implicating Rizal in the propaganda movement campaign
in Spain.
4. A poem entitled Kundiman, allegedly written by Rizal in Manila on
September 12, 1891
5. A letter from Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person, dated Barcelona,
September 18, 1891, describing Rizal as the man to free the Philippines
from Spanish oppression.
6. A Masonic lodge document, dated Manila, February 9, 1892,honoring Rizal
for his patriotic services
7. A letter signed Dimasalang ( Rizal’s pseudonym) to Tenlunz (Juan
Zulueta’s pseudonym), dated Hong Kong, May 24, 1892,stating that he was

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
preparing a safe refuge for Filipinos who may persecuted by the Spanish
authorities
8. A letter to Dimasalang to an unidentified committee, dated Hong Kong,
June 1, 1892, soliciting the aid of the committee in the “patriotic work”
9. An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of Hong Kong Telegraph,
censuring the banishment of Rizal toDapitan.
10. A letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila, 17, 1893, saying that the
Filipino people look up him (Rizal) as their savior
11. A letter to Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Manila, 17, 1893 informing an
unidentified correspondent of the arrest and the banishment of Doroteo
Cortes and Ambrosio Salvador.
12. A letter to Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don Juan A. Tenluz (JuanZulueta), dated
Madrid, June 1, 1893 recommending theestablishment of a special
organization, independent of Masonry, to help the cause of the
Filipino people.
13. Transcript of a speech of Pingkian (Emilio Jacinto) in a reunion to a
Katipunan on July 23, 1893, in which the following cry uttered “Long Live
the Philippines! Long LiveLiberty! Long live Dr. Rizal Unity!”
14. Transcript of a speech of Tik-Tik (Jose Turiano Santiago) in the same
Katipunan reunion, where in the katipuneros shouted:” Long live the
eminent Doctor Rizal! Death to the oppressor nation!”
15. A poem by Long Lann (Rizal), entitled A Talisay, in which the author makes
the Dapitan schoolboys sing that they know how to fight for their rights.
 The testimonial evidence consisted of the oral testimonies of: Martin Constantino,
Aguedodel Rosario, Jose Reyes, Moises Salvador, Jose Dizon, Domingo Franco,
Deodato Arellano, Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Dr. Pio Valenzuela,
Antonio Salazar, Francisco Quison, and TimoteoPaez.
 November 6, 1896- After the investigation, Col. Olive transmitted the records of
the case to Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco, and the letter appointed Capt. Rafael
Dominguez - as special Judge advocate to institute the corresponding action.
 November 26- After the preliminary investigation, Colonel Olive
transmitted the records of the case to Governor General Ramon Blanco,
and the letter appointed Captain Rafael Dominguez as special Judge
Advocate to institute the corresponding action against Rizal.
After studying the papers, Peña submitted the following recommendations:

1. The accused must be immediately brought to trial

2. He should be kept in prison
3. An order of attachment be issued against his property to the amount of
one million pesos as indemnity
4. He should be defended in court by an army officer, not by a civilian lawyer.
RIZAL CHOOSES HIS DEFENDER

 The only right given to Rizal was to choose his own defense counsel.
 Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade was the defender of Rizal in court. He
happened to be the brother of Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade, Rizal’s
bodyguard in Calamba in 1887.
READING OF INFORMATION OF CHARGES TO THE ACCUSED

 December 11- the information of charges was formally read to Rizal in his
prison cell, with his counsel present.
 He was accused of being “the principal organizer and the living soul of the
Filipino insurrection, the founder of societies, periodicals and books
dedicated to fomenting and propagating ideas of rebellion.
RIZAL MANIFEST TO HIS PEOPLE
Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya
Instructor
 December 15- Rizal wrote a manifesto to his people appealing to them to
stop the necessary shedding of blood and to achieve their liberties by
means of education and industry.
 His manifesto was written in this prison cell in Fort Santiago.
RIZAL SADDEST CHRISTMAS

 December 25, 1896- Rizal spend his Christmas alone and depressed in
a dreary prison cell.
THE TRIAL OF RIZAL

The trial of Rizal was an eloquent proof of Spanish injustice and misrule.

December 26, 1896- 8:00 a.m., the court-martial of Rizal started in the
military building called Cuartel de España. Seated behind a long table on an
elevated dais were the seven members of the military court, dresses in their army
uniforms as follows: Lt. Col. Jose TogoresArjona (President), Capt. Ricardo
Muñoz Arias, Capt. Manuel Reguerra, Capt. Santiago Izquierdo Osorio, Capt.
Braulio Rodriguez Nuñez, Capt. Manuel Diaz Escribano, and Capt. Fermin Perez
Rodriguez.

Also present in the court room were Dr. Rizal (the accused), Lt. Taviel de
Andrade (his defense counsel), Capt. Rafael Dominguez (Judge Advocate), Lt.
Enrique de Alcocer (Prosecuting Attorney), and the spectators. Among the
spectators were Josephine Bracken, some newspaper men, and many
Spaniards.

Rizal read his own defense which he wrote in his cell in Fort Santiago.

According to Rizal, there are twelve points to prove his innocence:

1. As testified by Pio Valenzuela, Rizal was against rebellion

2. He had not written a letter addressed to the Katipunan comprising revolutionary
elements
3. Without his knowledge, his name was used by the Katipunan; if he really was
guilty, he could have escaped while he was in Singapore
4. If he was guilty, he should have left the country while in exile; he shouldn't have
built a home, bought a parcel of land or established a hospital in Dapitan.
5. If he was really the leader of the revolution, the revolutionists should have
consulted him.
6. He did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the La Liga Filipina, but to make
things clear, the organization was a civic association, not a revolutionary society.
7. After the first meeting of La Liga, the association banished because of his exile in
Dapitan, thus, did not last long.
8. If the La Liga was reorganized nine months later, he had no idea about it
9. If the La Liga had a revolutionary purpose, then Katipunan should not have been
organized.
10. If the Spanish authorities found his letters having bitter atmosphere, it was because
in 1890 his family was being persecuted resulting to their dispossession of
properties and deportation of all his brothers-in-law.
11. He lived an exemplary life in Dapitan – the politico-military commanders and
missionary priests in the province could attest to that.
12. If according to witnesses the speech he delivered at DoroteoOngjunco's house
had inspired the revolution, then he want to confront these persons. If he really
was for the revolution, then why did the Katipunan sent an unfamiliar emissary to
him in Dapitan? It is so because all his friends were aware that he never advocated
violence.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
But the military court remained indifferent to the pleads of Rizal. After a short
deliberation, he was sentenced to be shot in musketry until death at 7 o'clock in the
morning of December 30, 1896 at Bagumbayan. The decision was submitted to Gov.
Polavieja who immediately sought the opinion of Nicolas de la Peña – the latter found the
verdict just and final. Two days later, the governor general signed the court's decision and
ordered Rizal's execution.

POLAVIEJA SIGNS RIZAL’S EXECUTION

 Dec 26 same afternoon Death sentence was passed with the same condition
except that indemnity was raised to 100,000pesos Dec 28 Gov. Gen Polavieja
approved the sentence, ordering Rizal be executed by firing squad two days later
at 7a.m at Luneta Camilo de Polavieja, Governor-General of the Philippines (1896-
1897).

V. Guide Questions
1. What do you think is the lesson behind the experience of Dr. Rizal as a
victim of Spanish duplicity? (4 points)
2. How will you describe the life of Dr. Rizal in his last trip abroad? (4 points)
3. List the documentary evidences presented against Dr. Rizal during the
preliminary investigations. (4 points)
4. By reading the evidences presented, do you think Dr. Rizal committed a
crime? Why? Why not? (4 points)
Areas of Assessment 4 3 2 1
Presents ideas in an Presents ideas in a Ideas are too Ideas are vague
Ideas original manner consistent manner general or unclear
Strong and Organized Some organization; No organization;
Organization organized beg/mid/end attempt at a lack beg/mid/end
beg/mid/end beg/mid/end
Writing shows strong Writing shows a Writing shows Writing shows
Understanding understanding clear adequate little
understanding understanding understanding
Sophisticated use of Nouns and verbs Needs more nouns Little or no use of
nouns and verbs make content and verbs nouns and verbs
Word Choice
make the content informative
very informative
Sentence structure Sentence structure Sentence structure No sense of
enhances meaning; is evident; is limited; sentences sentence
Sentence Structure flows throughout the sentences mostly need to flow structure or flow
piece flow
Source: https://bit.ly/3gD8Z5y
5. Notes and Suggested Reading
Rizal’s moments before his death
Other significant events before his trial
6. References
Zaide, G. & Zaide, M. (2014). Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius,
Writer, Scientist, and National Hero. Cubao, Quezon City: All-Nations Publishing
Co., Inc.
Ileto, Reynaldo. “Rizal and the underside of Philippine History” In Filipinos and
their Revolution: Event, Discourse, and Historiography. Quezon City: Ateneo de
Manila University Press, 1998.
Coates, Austin. Rizal: Filipino Nationalist and Martyr. Hongkong: Oxford
University Press, Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1969.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor
Lesson 5: Martyrdom at Bagumbayan

I. Objectives
 Describe the events happened in Rizal’s martyrydom at
Bagumbayan;
 Create a graphic organize which shows the important events in the
last hours of Rizal; and
 Write own interpretion of the passage written by Cecilio Apostol.
II. Time Frame: 3 hours
III. Values Integration: Love for the country

IV. Content

After being court-martialed, Rizal returned to his cell in Fort Santiago to prepare his
rendezvous with destiny. Dec. 30, 1896 – he was busy meeting visitors which includes his
family and friends. He was also able to write his last poem – his final contribution for the
emancipation of the Filipino people.

LAST HOURS OF RIZAL

December 29, 1896

 6:00 A.M. – Captain Rafael Rodriguez read Rizal’s death sentence – he will be
shot at the back by firing squad at 7:00 A.M. in Bagumbayan.
 7:00 A.M. – Rizal was moved to the prison chapel where he spent his last
moments. His first visitors were Jesuit priests.
 7:15 A.M. – Rizal reminded Fr. Luis Viza the statuette of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
whom he carved as a student in Ateneo.
 8:00 A.M. – Rizal had a breakfast with Fr. Antonio Rosell. After breakfast, his
attorney, Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade came.
 9:00 A.M. – Fr. FredericoFaura arrived. Rizal reminded the priest of his earlier
‘prophecy’ about Rizal.
 10:00 A.M. – More Jesuit priests had visited him. After then, he was interviewed
by Santiago Mataix for the newspaper El Heraldo de Madrid.
 12:00 – 3:30 P.M. – Rizal was left alone in his cell. He took his lunch and continued
writing his farewell poem which he hid in an alcohol cooking stove. He also wrote
his last letter to Professor Blumentritt.
 3:30 P.M. – Father Vicente Balaguer returned to his cell and discussed with Rizal
his retraction letter.
 4:00 P.M. – Teodora Alonzo visited him. They had a very emotional encounter.
Rizal gave the alcohol cooking stove to Trinidad which contains his farewell poem.
Several priests have visited him afterwards.
 6:00 P.M. – Don Silvino Lopez, dean of the Manila Cathedral visited him.
 8:00 P.M. – Rizal had his last supper. He told Captain Dominguez that he forgave
his enemies including the military judges.
 9:30 P.M. – Rizal was visited by Don Gaspar Cestaño, fiscal of the Royal Audience
de Manila.
 10:00 P.M. – The draft of the retraction letter sent by the anti-Filipino Archbishop
Bernardino Nozaleda was given by Fr. Balaguer to Rizal for his signature. He had
rejected it. Upon Rizal’s death, his supposedly ‘retraction letter’ became of one of
the most controversial documents in our history. This ‘retraction letter’ allegedly
contains his renunciation of the Masonry and his ‘anti-Catholic religious ideas.’
Depending on whose side you are on, some Rizalists claims that it is fake while
some believe it to be genuine. There had been some evidences but so far these
had only heated up the debate between the two factions.
 December 30, 1896, 3:00 o’clock in the morning, Rizal heard Mass, confessed his
sins, and took Holy Communion.
 December 30, 1896 5:30 A.M. – Josephine Bracken arrived together with Rizal’s
sister, Josefa, with tears in her eyes, bade him farewell. Rizal embraced her for
Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya
Instructor
the last time, and before she left, Rizal gave her a last gift – a religious book,
Imitation of Christ by Father Thomas Kempis.
 6:00 A.M. – As the soldiers were getting ready for the death march to Bagumbayan,
Rizal wrote his last letter to his beloved parents. “My beloved Father, pardon me
for the pain with which I repay you, for sorrows and sacrifices for my education. I
did not want it nor did I prefer it. Goodbye Father, goodbye.” “To my very dear
Mother, Sra. Dona Teodora Alonso 6 o’clock in the morning, December 30, 1896.”
DEATH MARCH TO BAGUMBAYAN

At about 6:30 A.M., a trumpet sounded at Fort Santiago, a signal to begin the death
march to Bagumbayan. Rizal walked calmly with his defense counsel and two Jesuit
priests at his sides. He was dressed elegantly in a black suit, black derby hat, black shoes,
white shirt and black tie. His arms were tied behind from elbow to elbow. There a lot of
spectators lining the street from Fort Santiago to Bagumbayan.

As he was going through the narrow Postigo Gate, Rizal looked at the sky and said
to one of the priests: “How beautiful it is today, Father. What morning could be more
serene! How clear is Corregidor and the mountains of Cavite! On mornings like this, I used
to take a walk with my sweetheart.” While he was passing in front of the Ateneo, he saw
the college towers above the walls. He asked: “Is that the Ateneo, Father?” “Yes”, replied
the priest. A Spanish military physician, Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo, asked his permission to
feel his pulse. He was amazed to find it normal, showing that Jose Rizal was not afraid to
die. The death ruffles of the drums filled the air. Above the drum beats, the sharp command
“Fire” was heard, and the guns of the firing squad barked. Rizal, with supreme effort,
turned his bullet-riddled body to the right, and fell on the ground dead – with face upward
facing the morning sun. It was exactly 7:03 in the morning – aged 35 years, 5 months and
11 days.

It is also interesting to note that fourteen years ago before his execution, Rizal
predicted that he would die on December 30th.

AFTERMATH OF A HERO-MARTYR’S DEATH

At the time when the bullets of Spain’s firing squad killed Dr. Rizal, the Spaniards—
residents, friars (Jesuits not included), corrupt officials (including Governor Polavieja)
exulted with sadistic joy, from Rizal, formidable champion of Filipino freedom, was gone.
In fact, immediately after the hero’s’ execution the Spanish spectators shouted, “Viva
España! “Muerte a losTraidores”, (“Long live Spain! “Death to the Traitors!”))And the
Spanish Military Band, joining the jubilance over Rizal’s death, played the gay Marcha de
Cadiz.

Poor bigoted Spaniards of no vision! They were fully unaware of history’s inexorable tides.
For the execution of Rizal’s presaged the foundation of an independent nation. True that
the Spanish bullets which killed Rizal destroyed his brain, but the libertarian ideas
spawned by his brain destroyed the Spanish rule in the Philippines. As Cecilio Apostol,
greatest Filipino epic poet in Spanish, aptly rhapsodized:

“Rest in peace in the shadows of oblivion,

Redeemer of a country in bondage!

In the mystery of the grave, do not cry,

Heed not the momentary triumph of the Spaniard

Because if a bullet destroyed your cranium,

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya
Instructor
Likewise your idea destroyed an empire!”

By his writings, which awakened Filipino nationalism and paved the way for the
Philippines Revolution, he proved that “pen is mightier than the sword”. As a many-
splendored genius, writer, scientist, and politician martyr, he richly deserves history’s
salute as the national hero of the Philippines.

V. Guide Questions
1. Having known the outfit Dr. Rizal used during his execution, how does it
symbolizes him as a person? (4 points)
2. Using a graphic organizer, write the important events in the last hours of
Dr. Jose Rizal. (4 points)
3. Write your own interpretation of this passage written by one of the
greatest Filipino epic poet, Cecilio Apostol. (4 points)

“Rest in peace in the shadows of oblivion,

Redeemer of a country in bondage!
In the mystery of the grave, do not cry,
Heed not the momentary triumph of the
Spaniard
Because if a bullet destroyed your cranium,
Likewise your idea destroyed an empire!”

Areas of Assessment 4 3 2 1
Presents ideas in an Presents ideas in a Ideas are too Ideas are vague
Ideas original manner consistent manner general or unclear
Strong and Organized Some organization; No organization;
Organization organized beg/mid/end attempt at a lack beg/mid/end
beg/mid/end beg/mid/end
Writing shows strong Writing shows a Writing shows Writing shows
Understanding understanding clear adequate little
understanding understanding understanding
Sophisticated use of Nouns and verbs Needs more nouns Little or no use of
nouns and verbs make content and verbs nouns and verbs
Word Choice
make the content informative
very informative
Sentence structure Sentence structure Sentence structure No sense of
enhances meaning; is evident; is limited; sentences sentence
Sentence Structure flows throughout the sentences mostly need to flow structure or flow
piece flow
Source: https://bit.ly/3gD8Z5y
VI. Notes and Suggested Reading
Rizal’s last moments before his death
Rizal’s last words
VII. References
Zaide, G. & Zaide, M. (2014). Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius,
Writer, Scientist, and National Hero. Cubao, Quezon City: All-Nations Publishing
Co., Inc.
Ileto, Reynaldo. “Rizal and the underside of Philippine History” In Filipinos and
their Revolution: Event, Discourse, and Historiography. Quezon City: Ateneo de
Manila University Press, 1998.
Coates, Austin. Rizal: Filipino Nationalist and Martyr. Hongkong: Oxford
University Press, Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1969.

Learning Module for RIZAL Dr. Agustina B. Montuya

Instructor