Lessons 1&2. Art

Lesson 1.

Art
1. The three aspects which may be regarded in a work of art are the following: the main idea contained
in the work, the creator’s attitude to it and the viewer’s attitude to the work.
Произведение искусства можно описать как обмен опытом. Как таковая она стоит сама по
себе, отделенная от всего - даже от человека, который ее произвел, хотя она может значить
для него больше, чем для кого-либо другого. (Конечно, это может быть и не так: поскольку
искусство - это катарсическая деятельность, как только произведение искусства создано,
художник может потерять к нему всякий интерес-известно, что некоторые художники
действительно оставляли свои картины там, где они их закончили.) Таким образом,
произведение само по себе выступает как объект и действительно постигает то, что художник
смог вложить в него из своего опыта. Его технические способности-это то, что позволило ему
придать работе то вдохновляющее или эмоциональное качество, которое она имеет. Именно
это качество он может передать наблюдателю.

A work of art is some kind of an exchange of experience. It can be separated from the creator but it
could mean a lot for him. But the artist may lose any interest in his work right after finishing it. So,
the work of art works as an object and really comprehends what the artist was able to put into it from
his experience. His technical ability is what allowed him to give the work the inspiring or emotional
quality it has. It is this quality that he can convey to the observer.
2. The quality of a work of art, in my opinion, also depends on the author's desire to convey his ideas to the
public. I think that if an author expresses their deepest feelings, opinions, or just creates a pleasant work of
art, the quality of such a work is much higher than the quality of one created for the purpose of extracting
financial profit or influencing certain people.
3. I don’t agree with this topic. I do believe that there can be no significant reason for an author to create.
Their desire to do something is enough to make works of art. But, however, there are real talents, who were
born as artists as well as there are people who were born truly teachers, fire fighters, policemen and so on.
Art is not only about talent and some kind of a mission. It is also a work, a hard work, like any other
profession. In my opinion, the concept of being an artist is too romanticized and people perceive this
profession as something ephemeral and they do not see the background that is often far from being romantic.
4.
5.
6.
Lesson 2.
1. Icons are different from any other kind of image. These are the images of saints. These images are
considered to have Holy power. For centuries, icons were painted by the priests and they did not sign they
works. Before starting to work, the painters purified themselves by fasting, prayer, confession and
communion. Icons were painted on a piece of wood with a thin piece of tissue over it. Colours were often
ground with holy water and saints’ relics. The finished icon was blessed, whether it was placed on the
iconostasis or wall of the church, or whether it was hung in a private house in a special corner with an oil
lamp lighted night and day before it.
2. An icon is a representation of the celestial world in terms of the terrestrial, a window opened on eternity.
Obviously, it did not attempt an imitation of reality. A majestic hieratic style removed it from our familiar
world and there was no third dimension.
In the Catholic Church, paintings of religious subjects are primarily didactic; they are “the Bible of the
unlettered” in the words of Gregory the Great. In the Orthodox Church, they are an effective witness to the
faith; St John Damascene maintained that they “contain a mystery and, like a sacrament, are vessels of
divine energy and grace.” Icons are in painting what the Holy Scriptures are in writing: an aesthetic form of
the truth, which is beyond the understanding of man and cannot be comprehended by the senses. Icons were
revered like the relics of the saints and some were famous for the miracles they performed. St John
Damascene declared: “Though the intermediary of sensible perception, our minds receive a spiritual
impression and are uplifted towards the invisible divine majesty.” Icons were revered like the relics of the
saints and some were famous for the miracles they performed.
The subjects of icons were taken from the Old and New Testament, scenes from the lives of Christ, the
Virgin, patriarchs and saints. In spite of canons that were rarely disregarded, all the icons on a particular
subject were not identical, even when they belonged to the same period and the same school. The main
outlines remained unchanged, but the variety of treatment was extraordinary; it was a free interpretation, an
expression of the artist’s personality, his faith and talent, and even his genius.
3. To be more specific, let’s divide the subjects Icon and Icon Painting. Icons are works of art, these are
painted images of the saints and Icon Painting is a process of Icon creating. I’d like to learn the process of
creating of the first icons in history and of their creating.

4. Christianity emerged as a religion of slaves and the oppressed. "The desire to escape from the outside
world to the inner world" came from a feeling of powerlessness to change the existing order of things. The
idea of the impossibility of finding happiness on earth made a person believe in the existence of a different,
divine world, in which, in contrast to the earth, harmony and justice reign. The idea of opposites “earthly”
and “divine”, about the superiority of “spiritual” over the “physical” determines Stroy the whole of Christian
ideology, Christian art in particular.
Christian art deliberately suppresses everything that resembles the ancient cult of the body and earthly
existence. The basis of the new creed is the idea of the opposite of "earthly” and "spiritual". The soul is
everything; the body is nothing. "Flesh and blood cannot inherit the Kingdom of God, and corruption does
not inherit incorruption" (1 Corinthians, XV, 50).

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