Alex Faickney Osborn: Brainstorming

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Brainstorming is a group creativity technique by which a group tries to find a solution for a specific

problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed by its members. The term was
popularized by Alex Faickney Osborn in 1953 through the book Applied Imagination. In the book,
Osborn not only proposed the brainstorming method but also established effective rules for hosting
brainstorming sessions.

Brainstorming can be defined as the methodology used to encourage every individual in the Circle to
express freely their opinions or give ideas in an open discussion..

Brainstorming can be used to list down all the problem faced by an organization, their causes and
the potential effects if a certain suggestion is implemented.

Brainstorming works by focusing on a problem, and then deliberately coming up with as many
solutions as possible and by pushing the ideas as far as possible. One of the reasons it is so
effective is that the brainstormers not only come up with new ideas in a session, but also spark
off from associations with other people's ideas by developing and refining them.

Brainstorming can be an effective way to generate lots of ideas on a specific issue and then
determine which idea – or ideas – is the best solution. Brainstorming is most effective with groups of
8-12 people and should be performed in a relaxed environment. If participants feel free to relax and
joke around, they'll stretch their minds further and therefore produce more creative ideas.

A brainstorming session requires a facilitator, a brainstorming space and something on which to


write ideas, such as a white-board a flip chart or software tool. The facilitator's responsibilities
include guiding the session, encouraging participation and writing ideas down.

Brainstorming works best with a varied group of people. Participants should come from various
departments across the organisation and have different backgrounds. Even in specialist areas,
outsiders can bring fresh ideas that can inspire the experts.There are numerous approaches to
brainstorming, but the traditional approach is generally the most effective becaus e it is the most
energetic and openly collaborative, allowing participants to build on each others' ideas.

There are four basic rules in brainstorming (Osborn, 1963) intended to reduce social inhibitions
among team members,stimulate idea generation, and increase overall creativity:
 No criticism: Criticism of ideas are withheld during the brainstorming session as the
purpose is on generating varied and unusual ideals and extending or adding to these ideas.
Criticism is reserved for the evaluation stage of the the process. This allows the members to
feel comfortable with the idea of generating unusual ideas.

Four ways to deal with sudden criticism at workplace


It isn't easy to deal with criticism but it hurts a lot more when it catches you off guard. What's
important, though, is how you react, for it can have a serious impact on your career. ET explains how
you can take criticism in your stride, and make it work for you.

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