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    Morphology - Collocation

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    Princess Aurora
    Collocation can be defined as “a familiar grouping of words, especially words that habitually appear together and thereby convey meaning by association”.

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    Morphology - Collocation

    Uploaded by

    Princess Aurora
    288 views19 pages
    Collocation can be defined as “a familiar grouping of words, especially words that habitually appear together and thereby convey meaning by association”.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Collocation can be defined as “a familiar grouping of words, especially words that habitually appear together and thereby convey meaning by association”.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    288 views19 pages

    Morphology - Collocation

    Uploaded by

    Princess Aurora
    Collocation can be defined as “a familiar grouping of words, especially words that habitually appear together and thereby convey meaning by association”.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    What is collocation?

     Collocation can be defined as “a familiar grouping of


    words, especially words that habitually appear
    together and thereby convey meaning by association”.
    What is collocation?(conti…)
     Collocation defines a sequence of words or terms that
    co-occur more often than would be expected by
    chance.

    o strong tea Correct Expression

    o powerful tea Incorrect Expression


    What is collocation?
     When words are used together regularly, rules are
    formed about their use not for grammatical reasons

     Black and White


     Hot and Sour
    You shall know a word by the company it keeps
    J R Firth’s Theory
    He says about the example of ass “One of the
    meanings of ass is its habitual collocation with an
    immediately preceding you silly…”
    How meanings are described?
     The meaning was also to be found In the context of situation. Nida, for
    instance, discussed the use of chair in:
    Sat in a chair
    The baby’s high chair
    The chair of philosophy
    Has accepted a university chair
    The chairman of the meeting
    Will chair the meeting
    The electric chair
    Condemned to the chair
    in the use of collocations
    First difficulty:
     Collocation is not only a matter of association of
    ideas.

     For example:

     We should not often say white milk , though the


    expression white paint is common enough.
    Second difficulty:
     Words may have more specific meanings in particular
    collocations.

     For example:

     An exceptional child is not an abnormal child

     Exceptional being used for greater than usual ability and


    abnormal to relate to some kind of defect
    Third difficulty:
     It would be a mistake to create a distinguishing line
    between those collocations that are predictable from
    the meanings of words that co-occure and those that
    are not.

     For Example:

     Pretty describes only a feminine kind of beauty


     Rancid is to be defined in terms of the very
    specific, unplanned, taste associated with butter and
    bakon.
    Fourth difficulty:
     There is a difficulty in deciding whether a collocation
    is or is not semantically determined.

     For example:

     The German verb reiten (to ride) is restricted to


    riding a horse but the English verb ride is not only
    used for riding on a horse but also for riding on
    bicycle
    Fifth difficulty:
     We also find a difficulty in separating collocation and
    semantics.

     For example:

     We shall say “The thicket died.” but we shall not say


    “ The thicket passed away.”
    of Collocational Restrictions
    First Kind:
     Some collocations are based wholly on the meaning of
    the item.

     For example: the use of the term “Green Cow”


    Second Kind:
     Some collocations are based on range – a word may
    used with those words that have some semantic
    features in common.

     For Example: the use of “died” for thicket instead of


    “passed away”
    Third Kind:
     Some restrictions are collocational in the strictest
    sense, involving neither meanings nor range.

     For example: the use of “pretty” with only females


    Conclusion:
     So, at the end, we can conclude that although
    collocations have some difficulties in their use yet
    these are used strictly and frequently in a language.

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