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15 pages, 8175 KiB  
Article
Aptamer Paper-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
by Jincai Yang, Zunquan Zhao, Tianyi Ma and Jialei Bai
Sensors 2025, 25(6), 1637; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25061637 (registering DOI) - 7 Mar 2025
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) antigen detection plays a crucial role in curbing the spread of viruses. Paper-based fluorescence aptasensors are expected to offer a low-cost tool to meet the needs of decentralized POC diagnosis. Herein, we report on a fluorescent paper-based sensing system for detecting [...] Read more.
Point-of-care (POC) antigen detection plays a crucial role in curbing the spread of viruses. Paper-based fluorescence aptasensors are expected to offer a low-cost tool to meet the needs of decentralized POC diagnosis. Herein, we report on a fluorescent paper-based sensing system for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The sensing system was constructed by loading multi-layer Nb2C MXene nano-quenchers and carbon-dot-labeled aptamer (G-CDs@Apt) probes onto a mixed cellulose ester (MCE) paper substrate. On the Nb2C MXene/G-CDs@Apt sensing paper, abundant G-CDs@Apt probes were attached to the multilayer MXene nano-quenchers and kept in a fluorescence-off state, while recognition of the target detached the G-CDs@Apt probes formed the nano--quenchers, resulting in fluorescence recovery of the sensing paper. The developed paper-based sensor performed well in the one-step detection of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein with a detection limit of 0.067 ng/mL (0.335 pg/test). The assay exhibited good selectivity and anti-interference in the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein in artificial saliva. Moreover, the paper-based aptasensor was successfully used to detect the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein in actual environmental samples with recoveries of 90.87–100.55% and relative standard deviations of 1.52–3.41%. The proposed technology provides a cost-effective alternative to traditional antibody test strips for a wide range of POC diagnostic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Point-of-Care Biosensors: Design and Applications)
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13 pages, 776 KiB  
Systematic Review
Factors Associated with Non-Compliance with Healthcare Accreditation in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Khalid Saad Alkhurayji, Abdulmunim Alsuhaimi, Hesham Alangari, Saja A. Alrayes and Arwa Alumran
Healthcare 2025, 13(6), 580; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13060580 (registering DOI) - 7 Mar 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Compliance with healthcare standards is an absolute must for every healthcare organization seeking accreditation. Several factors were found to affect compliance, and in Saudi Arabia, certain standards were observed for non-compliance. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis seeks to identify the [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Compliance with healthcare standards is an absolute must for every healthcare organization seeking accreditation. Several factors were found to affect compliance, and in Saudi Arabia, certain standards were observed for non-compliance. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis seeks to identify the factors associated with non-compliance with healthcare accreditation in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) model was used to refine the research question. The Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (Press) guidelines were used to improve the search strategy. The databases used for the search were PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The dates searched were from 1 January 2000 to 1 November 2024. We used a data extraction form for study characteristics and outcome data, which was piloted on five studies in this review. The risk of bias was assessed by using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The analysis was carried out using the Fisher r-to-z transformed correlation coefficient as the outcome measure. A random-effects model was fitted to the data. Results: A total of ten studies were included for qualitative synthesis and five for quantitative synthesis. Several factors were observed for non-compliance, including insufficient training organization hurdles, a lack of implementation strategies, and the attitudes of healthcare providers. The estimated average correlation coefficient based on the random-effects model was 0.2568 (95% CI: −0.1190 to 0.6326). Conclusions: The dimension of quality in healthcare through pooled correlations from various studies highlighted a weak association among these dimensions. Full article
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15 pages, 251 KiB  
Article
The Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Services, Risk Management, and Infection Prevention in Surgical Settings: A Qualitative Study
by Alice Yip, Jeff Yip, Zoe Tsui, Cheung-Hai Yip, Hau-Ling Lung, Kam-Yee Shit and Rachel Yip
Healthcare 2025, 13(6), 579; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13060579 (registering DOI) - 7 Mar 2025
Abstract
Background/Objective In every surgical environment, the prevention of surgical site infections is not merely desirable but essential, given their profound impact on patient health and healthcare costs. To optimize patient care during surgery, a thorough exploration and assessment of all intraoperative nursing practices [...] Read more.
Background/Objective In every surgical environment, the prevention of surgical site infections is not merely desirable but essential, given their profound impact on patient health and healthcare costs. To optimize patient care during surgery, a thorough exploration and assessment of all intraoperative nursing practices are necessary, guided by empirical evidence. The aim of this study was to explore nurses’ experiences with surgical site infection prevention practices in the intraoperative setting. Methods Twenty-one nurses working in clinical settings in Hong Kong participated in semi-structured interviews for this qualitative study. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Results Four main themes were identified from the interview data: ensuring safety and minimizing threats; facing silent, intangible, and hidden risks; team collaboration in eliminating risks; and persistent knowledge acquisition. Conclusions Nurses encountered diverse obstacles tied to teamwork, updated knowledge, communication, and patient safety. Enhanced quality of care in clinical settings can be achieved through strategic implementations. Focusing on quality improvement initiatives, establishing consistent teams, and recognizing the vital role of nurses strengthen care delivery. These actions contribute significantly to preventing surgical site infections and ensuring patient safety during intraoperative nursing practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection The Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Services)
37 pages, 1801 KiB  
Article
Urban Stakeholders for Sustainable and Smart Cities: An Innovative Identification and Management Methodology
by Rafael Esteban-Narro, Vanesa G. Lo-Iacono-Ferreira and Juan Ignacio Torregrosa-López
Smart Cities 2025, 8(2), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities8020041 (registering DOI) - 7 Mar 2025
Abstract
The global challenges that cities must face regarding sustainability, efficiency, integration, and resilience have found in the smart city concept a guideline of action as a model for urban development and transformation. The multidimensional nature of the smart city, along with the importance [...] Read more.
The global challenges that cities must face regarding sustainability, efficiency, integration, and resilience have found in the smart city concept a guideline of action as a model for urban development and transformation. The multidimensional nature of the smart city, along with the importance of identifying key urban stakeholders and ensuring their engagement, are two widely recognized characteristics within the scientific community. However, proposals for the identification, classification, and management of urban stakeholders are very scarce and almost non-existent when considered in conjunction with the holistic nature of smart cities. Thus, the significant importance attributed to stakeholder engagement contrasts with the lack of clear guidelines to develop it properly. Based on an iterative analysis of the scientific literature combined with the cross-referencing of smart city dimensions, statistical analysis tools, and multi-criteria analysis methods, this paper proposes a new methodology for the identification and management of urban stakeholders. The proposal includes a comprehensive classification and a new framework for developing urban stakeholder identification processes at their early stages or the monitoring and assessment of ongoing or completed processes, including tools for analyzing the extent and homogeneity achieved. The practical application of the methodology to a specific case study is also discussed. Full article
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18 pages, 706 KiB  
Review
Neural Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance in Motor Aging: From Genetic Mechanisms to Therapeutic Challenges
by Xuhui Chen, Ya Wang, Yongning Zhang, Xucheng Li, Le Zhang, Shangbang Gao and Cuntai Zhang
Biology 2025, 14(3), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14030272 (registering DOI) - 7 Mar 2025
Abstract
Neural excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance plays a pivotal role in the aging process. However, despite its significant impact, the role of E/I imbalance in motor dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases has not received sufficient attention. This review explores the mechanisms underlying motor aging through the [...] Read more.
Neural excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance plays a pivotal role in the aging process. However, despite its significant impact, the role of E/I imbalance in motor dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases has not received sufficient attention. This review explores the mechanisms underlying motor aging through the lens of E/I balance, emphasizing genetic and molecular factors that contribute to this imbalance (such as SCN2A, CACNA1C, GABRB3, GRIN2A, SYT, BDNF…). Key regulatory genes, including REST, vps-34, and STXBP1, are examined for their roles in modulating synaptic activity and neuronal function during aging. With insights drawn from ALS, we discuss how disruptions in E/I balance contribute to the pathophysiology of age-related motor dysfunction. The genes discussed above exhibit a certain association with age-related motor neuron diseases (like ALS), a relationship that had not been previously recognized. Innovative genetic therapies, such as gene editing technology and optogenetic manipulation, are emerging as promising tools for restoring E/I balance, offering hope for ameliorating motor deficits in aging. This review explores the potential of these technologies to intervene in aging-related motor diseases, despite challenges in their direct application to human conditions. Full article
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19 pages, 2634 KiB  
Article
An Experimental Assessment of Miscanthus x giganteus for Landfill Leachate Treatment: A Case Study of the Grebača Landfill in Obrenovac
by Svetozar Andrić, Goran Knežević, Snežana Maletić, Srđan Rončević, Marijana Kragulj Isakovski, Tijana Zeremski and Jelena Beljin
Processes 2025, 13(3), 768; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13030768 (registering DOI) - 7 Mar 2025
Abstract
Water pollution caused by landfill leachate, which contains high concentrations of heavy metals and organic contaminants, poses a serious environmental threat. Among the potential remediation strategies, phytoremediation using Miscanthus x giganteus (giant miscanthus) has gained attention due to its strong resistance to harsh [...] Read more.
Water pollution caused by landfill leachate, which contains high concentrations of heavy metals and organic contaminants, poses a serious environmental threat. Among the potential remediation strategies, phytoremediation using Miscanthus x giganteus (giant miscanthus) has gained attention due to its strong resistance to harsh conditions and its capacity to accumulate heavy metals. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Miscanthus x giganteus in treating landfill leachate, with a focus on removing key pollutants such as zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) by simulating wetland conditions. A pilot-scale experiment conducted at the Grebača landfill site assessed the plant’s ability to enhance metal bioavailability, stabilize contaminants, and limit their mobility within the leachate system. The results demonstrated that Miscanthus x giganteus effectively mobilized Zn and Ni through rhizospheric activity, whereas Cu remained largely immobile, indicating potential for phytostabilization. Sequential extraction analysis further confirmed that the plant significantly reduced the mobile fractions of Zn and Ni in the soil, highlighting its dual role in both phytoremediation and phytostabilization. These findings suggest that Miscanthus x giganteus offers a sustainable and cost-effective approach to landfill leachate treatment, serving as a viable alternative to conventional methods. By integrating this nature-based solution into industrial and municipal waste management, it promotes environmental sustainability while enhancing remediation efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental and Green Processes)
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25 pages, 4295 KiB  
Article
Sound Change and Consonant Devoicing in Word-Final Sibilants: A Study of Brazilian Portuguese Plural Forms
by Wellington Mendes, Jr.
Languages 2025, 10(3), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages10030048 (registering DOI) - 7 Mar 2025
Abstract
This study investigates consonant devoicing in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), in order to assess whether an ongoing sound change is taking place. We examine plural forms consisting of a stop consonant followed by a word-final sibilant, such as in redes [hedz] ~ [heds] ~ [...] Read more.
This study investigates consonant devoicing in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), in order to assess whether an ongoing sound change is taking place. We examine plural forms consisting of a stop consonant followed by a word-final sibilant, such as in redes [hedz] ~ [heds] ~ [hets] and sedes [sɛdz] ~ [sɛds] ~ [sɛts], focusing on the emergence of voiceless sibilants before word-initial vowels (e.g., redes amarelas, ‘yellow hammocks’). If sibilants remain voiceless despite a following vowel, this challenges the expected regressive voicing assimilation in BP and raises the question of the conditions under which this devoicing occurs. Data were collected through recordings of oral production from twenty Brazilian speakers, using reading and picture naming tasks. Sibilant voicing was quantified using harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR). A linear mixed-effects model—including random intercepts and slopes for both speakers and words—reveals that sibilants are significantly more voiced before a vowel than before a pause, but this voicing is substantially reduced when the sibilant is preceded by voiceless consonants. These findings indicate an ongoing devoicing process at pre-vocalic word boundaries in BP, affecting clusters [pz, tz, kz] and [bz, dz, gz] alike. Spectrographic analyses indicate that not only the sibilants but also their preceding stop may exhibit devoicing. Moreover, minimal-pair considerations suggest that speakers potentially maintain sibilant voicing in certain lexical items to preserve intelligibility (e.g., gra[dz] ‘grades’ and se[dz] ‘headquarters’ vs. grá[ts] ‘free’ and se[ts] ‘sets’). Drawing on Exemplar Theory, we propose a competition between the influence of the phonological environment and word-final devoicing: sibilants are sometimes voiced due to a following vowel (e.g., botes argentinos [bɔtz ah.ʒẽ.’tʃi.nus] ‘Argentine boats’), but they often emerge as voiceless due to consonantal devoicing (e.g., [bɔts ah.ʒẽ.’tʃi.nus]), resulting in both expected and unexpected forms. We suggest that fine phonetic detail, whether associated with allophonic or emergent sound patterns, contributes to the construction of phonological representations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phonetics and Phonology of Ibero-Romance Languages)
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11 pages, 2504 KiB  
Article
CO2-Responsive Plugging Gel with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Polyethyleneimine, and Silica
by Fanghui Liu, Mingmin Zhang, Huiyu Huang, Rui Cheng and Xin Su
Polymers 2025, 17(6), 706; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17060706 (registering DOI) - 7 Mar 2025
Abstract
Gas channeling during CO2 flooding poses a significant challenge to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in heterogeneous reservoirs, limiting both oil recovery and CO2 sequestration efficiency. To address this issue, a CO2-responsive plugging gel was developed using polyethyleneimine (PEI), sodium [...] Read more.
Gas channeling during CO2 flooding poses a significant challenge to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in heterogeneous reservoirs, limiting both oil recovery and CO2 sequestration efficiency. To address this issue, a CO2-responsive plugging gel was developed using polyethyleneimine (PEI), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and nano-silica. The gel formulation, containing 0.8% SDS, 0.8% PEI, and 0.1% nano-silica, demonstrated excellent CO2-responsive thickening behavior, achieving a viscosity of over 12,000 mPa·s under selected conditions. The gel exhibited reversible viscosity changes upon CO2 and N2 injection, shear-thinning and self-healing properties, and stability under high-temperature (90 °C) and high-salinity (up to 20,000 mg/L) conditions. Plugging experiments using artificial cores with gas permeabilities of 100 mD and 500 mD achieved a plugging efficiency exceeding 95%, reducing permeability to below 0.2 mD. These results emphasize the potential of the CO2-responsive plugging gel as an efficient approach to reducing gas channeling, boosting oil recovery, and enhancing CO2 storage capacity in crude oil reservoirs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis, Structure, Characterization and Application of Polymer Networks and Gels)
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24 pages, 1543 KiB  
Article
Stochastic Up-Scaling of Discrete Fine-Scale Models Using Bayesian Updating
by Muhammad Sadiq Sarfaraz, Bojana V. Rosić and Hermann G. Matthies
Computation 2025, 13(3), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13030068 (registering DOI) - 7 Mar 2025
Abstract
In this work, we present an up-scaling framework in a multi-scale setting to calibrate a stochastic material model. In particular with regard to application of the proposed method, we employ Bayesian updating to identify the probability distribution of continuum-based coarse-scale model parameters from [...] Read more.
In this work, we present an up-scaling framework in a multi-scale setting to calibrate a stochastic material model. In particular with regard to application of the proposed method, we employ Bayesian updating to identify the probability distribution of continuum-based coarse-scale model parameters from fine-scale measurements, which is discrete and also inherently random (aleatory uncertainty) in nature. Owing to the completely dissimilar nature of models for the involved scales, the energy is used as the essential medium (i.e., the predictions of the coarse-scale model and measurements from the fine-scale model) of communication between them. This task is realized computationally using a generalized version of the Kalman filter, employing a functional approximation of the involved parameters. The approximations are obtained in a non-intrusive manner and are discussed in detail especially for the fine-scale measurements. The demonstrated numerical examples show the utility and generality of the presented approach in terms of obtaining calibrated coarse-scale models as reasonably accurate approximations of fine-scale ones and greater freedom to select widely different models on both scales, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synergy between Multiphysics/Multiscale Modeling and Machine Learning)
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18 pages, 4016 KiB  
Article
Kale Seed Germination and Plant Growth Responses to Two Different Processed Biostimulants from Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Carbonization
by Yuxuan Tang, Raphael Ofoe, Lokanadha R. Gunupuru, Dengge Qin and Lord Abbey
Seeds 2025, 4(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds4010013 (registering DOI) - 7 Mar 2025
Abstract
The cost of producing organic crops is increasing. Agricultural wastes can be used as biostimulants to increase plant growth and productivity and reduce the dependence on chemical fertilizers. A pouch assay and a potted greenhouse experiment were conducted to investigate the effect of [...] Read more.
The cost of producing organic crops is increasing. Agricultural wastes can be used as biostimulants to increase plant growth and productivity and reduce the dependence on chemical fertilizers. A pouch assay and a potted greenhouse experiment were conducted to investigate the effect of pyroligneous acid (PA) and sea lettuce (SL) on kale (Brassica oleracea subsp. acephala (DC.) Metzg) seed germination and growth. Although previous studies have demonstrated that these two biostimulants could promote plant germination and growth, there is little research to compare their effects on seed germination and plant growth. The pouch assay showed that PA liquid affected the seed germination rate under different concentrations; the seed germination rate decreased as the concentration of PA liquid increased. However, the effect of seed germination was less pronounced in SL liquids. Kale seeds treated with 0.01% PA showed the best elongation and seedling growth performance. Moreover, the greenhouse experiment indicates that SL liquids significantly (p < 0.05) affected kale growth production, while PA liquid had less difference on kale growth under various concentrations. The 0.25% PA and 1% SL increased the aboveground fresh weight by ca. 26% and 29%, respectively. Also, the phytochemical contents of kale leaves, including phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbate, and protein, were significantly increased with 0.25% PA and 1% SL application. These results suggest that low concentrations of PA are more suitable for seedling root growth in kale and 1% SL had the most significant growth-promoting effect on kale. Hydrothermal carbonization sea lettuce liquid can be used as a good biostimulant for agricultural production to improve kale germination and growth. Full article
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16 pages, 4035 KiB  
Article
Abiotic Degradation of the Toxin Simplexin by Soil Collected from a Pimelea-Infested Paddock
by Zhi Hung Loh, Natasha L. Hungerford, Diane Ouwerkerk, Athol V. Klieve and Mary T. Fletcher
Toxins 2025, 17(3), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17030124 - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
Pimelea poisoning of cattle is caused by the toxin simplexin present in native Pimelea plant species. Surface weathering and burial of Pimelea plant material under soil in Pimelea-infested pastures previously showed simplexin degradation, suggesting soil microbial metabolism and/or abiotic degradation of simplexin [...] Read more.
Pimelea poisoning of cattle is caused by the toxin simplexin present in native Pimelea plant species. Surface weathering and burial of Pimelea plant material under soil in Pimelea-infested pastures previously showed simplexin degradation, suggesting soil microbial metabolism and/or abiotic degradation of simplexin in the field. This current study investigated whether soil from a Pimelea-infested paddock was capable of simplexin degradation in the laboratory. The effects of temperature on isolated simplexin levels and simplexin levels in Pimelea plant material treated with field-collected soil, acid-washed sand or bentonite were determined. Pimelea plant material incubated in field-collected soil at 22 °C for seven days did not show any simplexin degradation. Isolated simplexin preadsorbed to field-collected soil, acid-washed sand or bentonite showed simplexin decrease after one hour of incubation at 100 °C with three breakdown products identified by UPLC-MS/MS, indicating that toxin breakdown can be a heat-induced process rather than a microbial-based metabolism. Decreased simplexin levels were observed in Pimelea plant material mixed with acid-washed sand under similar incubation conditions. Overall, the study showed the field-collected soil did not contain soil microorganisms capable of simplexin metabolism within a short period of time. However, the co-exposure to high temperature resulted in significant abiotic simplexin breakdown, without microorganism involvement, with the product structures suggesting that the degradation was a heat promoted acid hydrolysis/elimination process. Overall, this study demonstrated that simplexin breakdown in the field could be a thermal abiotic process with no indication of microbial involvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Toxins)
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8 pages, 1657 KiB  
Case Report
Case Report of Schnyder Corneal Dystrophy—A Rare Lipid Metabolic Disorder of the Cornea
by Nina Stoyanova, Abdulrahman Imran, Zain Ul Hassan, Krasimir Kraev, Yordanka Basheva-Kraeva, Maria Kraeva, Petar Uchikov, Plamena Novakova, Veselin Vasilev, Ivaylo Minev, Bozhidar Hristov, Desislava Koleva-Georgieva, Petko Petrov, Luboslav Dimov, Svetlan Dermendzhiev and Marin Atanassov
Life 2025, 15(3), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030409 (registering DOI) - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
Background: Schnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by bilateral corneal opacification due to abnormal cholesterol and phospholipid deposition. Mutations in the UBIAD1 gene, identified as causative in 2007, underline the condition, although its exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Case [...] Read more.
Background: Schnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by bilateral corneal opacification due to abnormal cholesterol and phospholipid deposition. Mutations in the UBIAD1 gene, identified as causative in 2007, underline the condition, although its exact pathogenesis remains unclear. Case Presentation: A 55-year-old female presented with persistent photophobia, blepharospasm, and corneal discomfort. She also reported joint pain related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), managed with Ro-Actemra (tocilizumab). The ophthalmological evaluation revealed bilateral corneal stromal deposits resembling snowflakes, with visual acuities of 0.8 (right eye) and 0.7 (left eye). Multimodal imaging confirmed stromal hyperreflective deposits. Based on the clinical findings, SCD was diagnosed, although no genetic testing was performed. Symptomatic management with artificial tears was initiated. Discussion: This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges of SCD, particularly in the absence of corneal crystals, a hallmark feature that is not universally present. Advanced imaging techniques aided diagnosis, and the coexistence of SCD and RA highlights the need for multidisciplinary care. Treatment options remain limited, although emerging therapies targeting oxidative stress and lipid metabolism show promise. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of integrating ophthalmological and systemic care in SCD management and underscores the need for further research to expand diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this rare disorder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vision Science and Optometry)
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32 pages, 1157 KiB  
Review
A Systemic Digital Transformation for Smart Net-Zero Cities: A State-of-the-Art Review
by Farzaneh Mohammadi Jouzdani, Vahid Javidroozi, Hanifa Shah and Monica Mateo Garcia
J 2025, 8(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/j8010011 (registering DOI) - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of digital transformation for developing smart net-zero cities, highlighting the significance of systems thinking and the key components of digital transformation including people, data, technology and process. Urban areas are experiencing increasing challenges from rapid growth and [...] Read more.
This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of digital transformation for developing smart net-zero cities, highlighting the significance of systems thinking and the key components of digital transformation including people, data, technology and process. Urban areas are experiencing increasing challenges from rapid growth and climate issues, making digital transformation a crucial strategy for enhancing sustainability and efficiency. In this context, systems thinking is essential, as it provides a holistic perspective that acknowledges the interdependence of urban sectors which can facilitate a more comprehensive, adaptable, and strategically integrated approach. This review examines findings from 22 sources and proposes a framework to investigate and represent the necessity of a digital transformation approach that effectively balances these elements and promotes a systems thinking approach. Also, by examining the findings from a systems thinking perspective, this research analyses the potential of effective digital transformation to support the complex needs of smart net-zero city developments. The findings indicate a widespread recognition of the digital transformation potential as a practical implementation strategy. It is imperative to formulate digital transformation strategies that are practical and comprehensively incorporate all elements: people, technology, processes, and data. Additionally, the review highlights the critical role of systems thinking in the development of these digital transformations as it facilitates the integration of interdependent urban sectors, including energy, transformation, and building, to achieve a holistic and integrated transformation. Full article
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20 pages, 6179 KiB  
Article
Non-Contact Dimensional Quality Inspection System of Prefabricated Components Using 3D Matrix Camera
by Wanqing Lyu, Xiwang Chen, Wenlong Han, Kun Ni, Rui Jing, Lin Tong, Junzheng Pan and Qian Wang
Buildings 2025, 15(5), 837; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15050837 (registering DOI) - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
Dimensional quality inspection of prefabricated components is crucial for ensuring building quality and safety. Currently, manual measurement methods are predominantly used in dimensional quality inspection of prefabricated components, which are both time-consuming and labor-intensive, constraining production efficiency. This study thus developed a non-contact [...] Read more.
Dimensional quality inspection of prefabricated components is crucial for ensuring building quality and safety. Currently, manual measurement methods are predominantly used in dimensional quality inspection of prefabricated components, which are both time-consuming and labor-intensive, constraining production efficiency. This study thus developed a non-contact image measurement system using an innovative three-dimensional (3D) matrix camera, which automatically performed dimensional quality inspection, utilizing technologies such as a parallel optical axis four-camera matrix imaging and machine learning algorithms. Compared to traditional techniques, this system exhibited enhanced adaptability to the manufacturing process of prefabricated components, along with desirable accuracy and efficiency. Building upon a comprehensive literature review, the hardware constituents of the 3D matrix camera image measurement system were meticulously introduced, followed by the underlying principles and implementations of data acquisition, processing and comparison methods, including parallel optical axis four-camera matrix imaging, automatic stitching algorithms for 3D point clouds, feature recognition algorithms, and matching principles. The feasibility of the proposed system was validated through a case study analysis. The application results indicated that the system was capable of automatically performing non-contact measurements of dimensional deviations in prefabricated components with an accuracy of ±3 mm, thereby enhancing production quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligence and Automation in Construction Industry)
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39 pages, 9925 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Workload Management System in the Public Sector: A Comparative Analysis
by Konstantinos C. Giotopoulos, Dimitrios Michalopoulos, Gerasimos Vonitsanos, Dimitris Papadopoulos, Ioanna Giannoukou and Spyros Sioutas
Future Internet 2025, 17(3), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17030119 - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
Efficient human resource management is critical to public sector performance, particularly in dynamic environments where traditional systems struggle to adapt to fluctuating workloads. The increasing complexity of public sector operations and the need for equitable task allocation highlight the limitations of conventional evaluation [...] Read more.
Efficient human resource management is critical to public sector performance, particularly in dynamic environments where traditional systems struggle to adapt to fluctuating workloads. The increasing complexity of public sector operations and the need for equitable task allocation highlight the limitations of conventional evaluation methods, which often fail to account for variations in employee performance and workload demands. This study addresses these challenges by optimizing load distribution through predicting employee capability using data-driven approaches, ensuring efficient resource utilization and enhanced productivity. Using a dataset encompassing public/private sector experience, educational history, and age, we evaluate the effectiveness of seven machine learning algorithms: Linear Regression, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), Bagged Decision Trees, and XGBoost in predicting employee capability and optimizing task allocation. Performance is assessed through ten evaluation metrics, including Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), ensuring a comprehensive assessment of accuracy, robustness, and bias. The results demonstrate ANFIS as the superior model, consistently outperforming other algorithms across all metrics. By synergizing fuzzy logic’s capacity to model uncertainty with neural networks’ adaptive learning, ANFIS effectively captures non-linear relationships and variations in employee performance, enabling precise capability predictions in dynamic environments. This research highlights the transformative potential of machine learning in public sector workforce management, underscoring the role of data-driven decision-making in improving task allocation, operational efficiency, and resource utilization. Full article
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17 pages, 407 KiB  
Review
Pharmacogenetic Factors Shaping Treatment Outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
by Charikleia Ntenti, Thomas Nikos Misirlis and Antonis Goulas
Genes 2025, 16(3), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16030314 - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) manifests as a genetically diverse and intricate lung condition with various subtypes. The development of the disease and response to treatment are influenced by the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The predominant therapeutic approaches include bronchodilator therapy [...] Read more.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) manifests as a genetically diverse and intricate lung condition with various subtypes. The development of the disease and response to treatment are influenced by the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The predominant therapeutic approaches include bronchodilator therapy and corticosteroid treatment. Studies in COPD pharmacogenetics involve genome-wide association (GWA) studies, gene profiling, whole-genome sequencing, and other omics-based investigations. Many of these investigations have focused on the association between genetic variations and the response to β2 agonist treatment. Additionally, several studies have explored the impact of gene variations on the response to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment, with a specific focus on polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling pathway. However, a significant challenge lies in the inconclusive or inconsistent results of these pharmacogenetic studies, underscoring the research community’s struggle to provide sufficient evidence for the clinical implementation of COPD pharmacogenetics. To address these challenges, further research and larger genome-wide studies are essential. These efforts aim to uncover additional COPD subtypes, identify predictors of treatment response, and discover novel genetic markers for COPD. The integration of genomics, detailed evaluations such as chest CT scans, spirometry tests, and blood analyses, along with DNA collection in clinical research, is critical for translating COPD pharmacogenetics into clinical practice. Furthermore, advancing our understanding of the complex interactions between genetics, phenotypes, and environmental factors will be pivotal for improving individualized prognostic assessments and enhancing treatment outcomes in COPD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacogenetics)
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18 pages, 4684 KiB  
Article
Taguchi Robust Design of Phase Transfer Catalytic Hydrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Waste in Mild Conditions: Application for the Preparation of Metal–Organic Frameworks
by Asma Nouira, Imene Bekri-Abbes, Isabel Pestana Paixão Cansado and Paulo Alexandre Mira Mourão
Solids 2025, 6(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/solids6010010 (registering DOI) - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
With the rapid increase in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) usage in recent years, recycling has become indispensable in mitigating environmental damage and safeguarding natural resources. In this context, this study presents a methodology for valorizing PET waste through phase transfer catalytic hydrolysis conducted at [...] Read more.
With the rapid increase in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) usage in recent years, recycling has become indispensable in mitigating environmental damage and safeguarding natural resources. In this context, this study presents a methodology for valorizing PET waste through phase transfer catalytic hydrolysis conducted at a low temperature (80 °C) and atmospheric pressure, with the goal of recovering the terephthalic acid (TPA) monomer. The recovered TPA monomer was subsequently utilized as a precursor for the synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Tributylhexadecyl phosphonium bromide (3Bu6DPB) was selected as the phase transfer catalyst due to its efficiency and sustainability. The process parameters, including the concentration of NaOH, the wt.% of catalyst to PET, and the concentration of PET in the solution, were varied to optimize the hydrolysis reaction. The Taguchi design methodology with an L9 (3^3) orthogonal array was employed to analyze the influence of these factors on the depolymerization time. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed that the concentration of NaOH was the most significant factor, contributing to 93.3% of the process efficiency, followed by the wt.% of the catalyst to PET (6.5%). The findings also demonstrated that the concentration of NaOH had the greatest impact (Δ = 4.27, rank = 1), while the concentration of PET had the smallest effect (Δ = 0.16, rank = 3). The optimal conditions for PET depolymerization were achieved in 75 min with 20 g/100 mL of NaOH, 12 wt.% of catalyst to PET, and 5 g/100 mL of PET. The recovered TPA monomer was further employed as an organic ligand to synthesize Fe(III)-TPA MOFs under mild conditions (80 °C for 24 h). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the simultaneous formation of MOF-235(Fe) and MIL-101(Fe), two multifunctional materials with diverse properties and applications. This study highlights an efficient approach for producing low-cost MOFs while promoting urban waste recycling, contributing to an integrated strategy for PET recycling and resource valorization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Study and Application of Polymers)
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19 pages, 4910 KiB  
Article
A Novel SHAP-GAN Network for Interpretable Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis
by Jingxun Cai, Zne-Jung Lee, Zhihxian Lin and Ming-Ren Yang
Mathematics 2025, 13(5), 882; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13050882 - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
Ovarian cancer stands out as one of the most formidable adversaries in women’s health, largely due to its typically subtle and nonspecific early symptoms, which pose significant challenges to early detection and diagnosis. Although existing diagnostic methods, such as biomarker testing and imaging, [...] Read more.
Ovarian cancer stands out as one of the most formidable adversaries in women’s health, largely due to its typically subtle and nonspecific early symptoms, which pose significant challenges to early detection and diagnosis. Although existing diagnostic methods, such as biomarker testing and imaging, can help with early diagnosis to some extent, these methods still have limitations in sensitivity and accuracy, often leading to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. Ovarian cancer’s high heterogeneity and complexity increase diagnostic challenges, especially in disease progression prediction and patient classification. Machine learning (ML) has outperformed traditional methods in cancer detection by processing large datasets to identify patterns missed by conventional techniques. However, existing AI models still struggle with accuracy in handling imbalanced and high-dimensional data, and their “black-box” nature limits clinical interpretability. To address these issues, this study proposes SHAP-GAN, an innovative diagnostic model for ovarian cancer that integrates Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The SHAP module quantifies each biomarker’s contribution to the diagnosis, while the GAN component optimizes medical data generation. This approach tackles three key challenges in medical diagnosis: data scarcity, model interpretability, and diagnostic accuracy. Results show that SHAP-GAN outperforms traditional methods in sensitivity, accuracy, and interpretability, particularly with high-dimensional and imbalanced ovarian cancer datasets. The top three influential features identified are PRR11, CIAO1, and SMPD3, which exhibit wide SHAP value distributions, highlighting their significant impact on model predictions. The SHAP-GAN network has demonstrated an impressive accuracy rate of 99.34% on the ovarian cancer dataset, significantly outperforming baseline algorithms, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), and XGBoost. Specifically, SVM achieved an accuracy of 72.78%, LR achieved 86.09%, and XGBoost achieved 96.69%. These results highlight the superior performance of SHAP-GAN in handling high-dimensional and imbalanced datasets. Furthermore, SHAP-GAN significantly alleviates the challenges associated with intricate genetic data analysis, empowering medical professionals to tailor personalized treatment strategies for individual patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Optimization)
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14 pages, 5160 KiB  
Article
Bit Error Rate of Multi-Gaussian Correlated Asymmetric Bessel Beam Through Turbulent Ocean
by Zhecheng Zhang, Lin Yu, Yong Zhao and Xiaowan Peng
Photonics 2025, 12(3), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030238 - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
We investigate the underwater propagation of multi-Gaussian correlated asymmetric Bessel beam with partial coherence in the condition of quadrature amplitude modulation. The oceanic turbulence optical power spectrum is used to characterize turbulence effects under variable temperature and salinity. Based on the derivation of [...] Read more.
We investigate the underwater propagation of multi-Gaussian correlated asymmetric Bessel beam with partial coherence in the condition of quadrature amplitude modulation. The oceanic turbulence optical power spectrum is used to characterize turbulence effects under variable temperature and salinity. Based on the derivation of orbital angular momentum mode distribution, the theoretical model of bit error rate (BER) is constructed. Numerical analyses show that the low-temperature oceanic channel is more beneficial to BER reduction than the low-salinity channel. Due to the better resistance to turbulence, low-order modulation is superior in BER performance. As for beam optimization, the increments in wavelength and source coherence width, or the decrements of topological charge and asymmetry factor, help to obtain a lower BER. The research is instructive for the construction of underwater transmission links based on vortex beams. Full article
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22 pages, 35333 KiB  
Article
Mechanisms Involved in Soil–Plant Interactions in Response to Poultry Manure and Phytase Enzyme Compared to Inorganic Phosphorus Fertilizers
by Patricia Poblete-Grant, Leyla Parra-Almuna, Sofía Pontigo, Cornelia Rumpel, María de La Luz Mora and Paula Cartes
Agronomy 2025, 15(3), 660; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15030660 - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
While soil responses to organic and inorganic phosphorus (P) fertilizers have been widely studied, plant physiological and molecular responses remain insufficiently characterized. Such an understanding is necessary to develop sustainable P fertilization strategies that enhance plant performance in soils with P limitations. This [...] Read more.
While soil responses to organic and inorganic phosphorus (P) fertilizers have been widely studied, plant physiological and molecular responses remain insufficiently characterized. Such an understanding is necessary to develop sustainable P fertilization strategies that enhance plant performance in soils with P limitations. This study investigated the impact of poultry manure (PM) and its combination with phytase enzyme on molecular plant responses involved in P use efficiency (PUE) of ryegrass plants growing on a P-deficient Andisol. A greenhouse experiment under controlled conditions was performed to evaluate soil properties, plant biomass, P uptake, plant performance, and the expression of P transporters under the following P treatments: P deficiency (PD), mineral fertilizers (F), PM alone, and PM combined with phytase. The combination of PM and phytase enhanced soil P availability by 60% and increased soil P enzyme activities 2.6-fold, facilitating the mineralization of organic P. This resulted in a 63% increase in shoot P concentration and a 35% enhancement in shoot biomass. Additionally, oxidative stress markers decreased, with lipid peroxidation in roots reduced up to five-fold, while antioxidant activity increased 1.6-fold. Molecular analysis revealed that the expression of the P transporter gene LpPHT1;4 was upregulated 9.3-fold, indicating an improved capacity for P acquisition and utilization. These findings suggest that phytase-mediated hydrolysis of organic P and the activation of plant P transporters are key mechanisms driving enhanced P uptake and efficiency in P-deficient soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Soil and Plant Nutrition)
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20 pages, 3050 KiB  
Article
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus T144: A Hypervirulent Model Strain for Infection Models
by Changsi Mao, Yuan Liu, Meirong Song, Jianzhong Shen and Kui Zhu
Antibiotics 2025, 14(3), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14030270 (registering DOI) - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a major public health challenge due to its multidrug resistance and high virulence. Developing representative model strains is crucial for systematically assessing pathogenesis and antimicrobial therapies. Methods: The highly virulent MRSA strain T144, isolated from [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a major public health challenge due to its multidrug resistance and high virulence. Developing representative model strains is crucial for systematically assessing pathogenesis and antimicrobial therapies. Methods: The highly virulent MRSA strain T144, isolated from pigs, was characterized through whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Infection models were successfully established in Galleria mellonella and mice to evaluate virulence. A mouse lung infection model was specifically developed to assess bacterial load dynamics, immune responses, and the efficacy of vancomycin treatment. Results: MRSA T144 demonstrated broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance and high mortality rates in both Galleria mellonella and mouse models. Whole-genome sequencing identified multiple virulence-associated genes, including hemolysins and enterotoxins. The concentration of 7 × 108 CFUs was optimized for establishing the mouse lung infection model. In the mouse lung infection model, MRSA T144 demonstrated rapid bacterial proliferation within the first 24 h, followed by a slower growth rate. Significant changes in immune markers were observed, with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17a, TNF-α) and decreased IL-10 levels. Vancomycin treatment significantly improved survival rates and reduced bacterial load, confirming the model’s utility for antimicrobial efficacy studies. Conclusions: The successful establishment of MRSA T144 infection models provides a robust platform for investigating bacterial dynamics, immune responses, and antimicrobial efficacy against highly virulent MRSA strains. These findings highlight the potential of MRSA T144 as a valuable model for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Full article
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11 pages, 494 KiB  
Perspective
Potential Roles of Exogenous Proteases and Lipases as Prebiotics
by Yongshou Yang, Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee, Yukako Okazaki, Toshiro Watanabe, Junji Inoue, Takafumi Iguchi, Shinji Fukuda, Manabu Kuroda, Kyoichi Nishio, Shotaro Yamaguchi and Norihisa Kato
Nutrients 2025, 17(5), 924; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17050924 - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
Digestive enzymes, such as proteases and lipases, are widely recognized for their crucial roles in the ripening and production of fermented foods. Digestive enzymes are also used as supplements in nonruminant livestock to enhance feed digestion and promote animal growth. However, information on [...] Read more.
Digestive enzymes, such as proteases and lipases, are widely recognized for their crucial roles in the ripening and production of fermented foods. Digestive enzymes are also used as supplements in nonruminant livestock to enhance feed digestion and promote animal growth. However, information on the effects of exogenous digestive enzymes on gut health and disease remains limited. Notably, recent studies show that consuming proteases and lipases can increase the levels of beneficial bacteria and short-chain fatty acids in rodent gut. These findings led us to hypothesize that intestinal proteases and lipases play beneficial roles by enriching beneficial bacteria. To examine this hypothesis, we reviewed recent studies on the potential effects of exogenous digestive enzymes on gut microbiota composition and overall health. Consistent with the hypothesis, all 13 studies in this review reported significant improvements in animal gut microbiota composition with the dietary supplementation of proteases and lipases. Additionally, the possible mechanisms of the prebiotic-like effects of the enzymes through increased nutrient digestion were discussed. This review explores how exogenous proteases and lipases influence gut microbiota composition and overall health. This is the first review to provide insights into the potential roles of exogenous digestive enzymes as prebiotics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Gut Microbiota with Chronic Disease—2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 2362 KiB  
Article
Establishing a Seamless Integrated Project-Based Learning Framework Mediated by an Evidence-Based Project-Based Learning System
by Xinxin Ma and Xiaopeng Wu
Sustainability 2025, 17(5), 2325; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052325 - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
This empirical study establishes a seamless integrated project-based learning framework mediated by an evidence-based project-based learning system. Combining theoretical model construction and practical application, this research aims to bridge gaps in learning objectives, processes, resources, and assessments. The model employs conceptual clusters, problem [...] Read more.
This empirical study establishes a seamless integrated project-based learning framework mediated by an evidence-based project-based learning system. Combining theoretical model construction and practical application, this research aims to bridge gaps in learning objectives, processes, resources, and assessments. The model employs conceptual clusters, problem chains, and evidence-driven task design to foster the development of interdisciplinary competency. A 40 h case study, centered on the “Interior Space Design of Teachers’ Apartments” project, demonstrated quantifiable improvements; students’ design proposal scores increased by 45.5%, problem-solving efficiency improved by 62.5%, and team collaboration scores rose from 60 to 85. Additionally, innovative applications per design surged from 2–3 to 6–8, while student engagement time doubled. These results validate the effectiveness of the seamless integrated project-based learning framework in enhancing interdisciplinary knowledge integration, core competencies, and intrinsic motivation, providing a data-supported framework for technology-enhanced educational reform. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation and Sustainable Development of Seamless Education and Teaching Methods)
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14 pages, 418 KiB  
Article
Chemical Risks, Genotoxicity, and Oxidative Stress in Healthcare Workers
by Ayşe Coşkun Beyan, Esra Emerce, Gamze Tuna and Gül Hüray İşlekel
Toxics 2025, 13(3), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030189 - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives Using genotoxicity tests and oxidative stress indicators, the study evaluated the relationship between healthcare workers’ (HCWs) exposure to chemical risks. This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative damage and genotoxic effects of sub chronic or long-term volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exposure in [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives Using genotoxicity tests and oxidative stress indicators, the study evaluated the relationship between healthcare workers’ (HCWs) exposure to chemical risks. This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative damage and genotoxic effects of sub chronic or long-term volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exposure in HCWs. Methods: Pathology workers (Group 1), cleaning workers (Group 2), and medical secretaries (Group 3) were categorized, and VOCs and alkaline dust were measured for Groups 1 and 2 using appropriate occupational hygiene methods. Genotoxicity was assessed using alkaline comet and micronucleus (MN) assays. Oxidative stress indicators were analyzed in first-morning urine samples through liquid chromatography. Results: A total of 90 HCWs participated in the study. The mean R-cdA levels were 0.05 ± 0.02 for medical secretaries, 0.07 ± 0.03 for cleaning workers, and 0.06 ± 0.07 nmol/mmol creatinine for pathology workers (p = 0.040). The mean tail intensity (%) was 16.33 ± 10.68 (Group 1), 18.9 ± 7.4 for cleaning workers, and 14.1 ± 6.5 for medical secretaries (p = 0.020). Conclusion: Implementing occupational hygiene measures in the working environment has effectively reduced occupational risks. The lack of significant differences in genotoxicity and oxidative stress parameters between the exposed and control groups supports the notion that the exposure limit values are protective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Human Toxicology and Epidemiology)
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17 pages, 945 KiB  
Article
The Role of IT Flexibility in Enhancing Supply Chain Resilience in the Oil Products Distribution Sector
by Hayder Abdulmohsin Mijbas, Muhummad Khairul Islam and Mohamed Khudari
Sustainability 2025, 17(5), 2295; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052295 - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
Business organisations are working to improve their IT flexibility to gain a competitive advantage in the evolving business landscape. This study aims to assess the influence of IT flexibility in its three dimensions (compatibility, connectivity, modularity) on supply chain resilience in the petroleum [...] Read more.
Business organisations are working to improve their IT flexibility to gain a competitive advantage in the evolving business landscape. This study aims to assess the influence of IT flexibility in its three dimensions (compatibility, connectivity, modularity) on supply chain resilience in the petroleum products distribution sector. It will also examine the connection between these dimensions and supply chain resilience at both the macro and micro levels. The research population represented the managers of fuel stations in the petroleum products distribution company with 2215 managers. A sample of 327 managers was selected using the G*Power program. The results of the regression analysis indicate that IT flexibility has a significant impact on supply chain resilience. Among the dimensions of IT flexibility, the modularity dimension was found to be the most influential. This research contributes to clarifying the role of IT infrastructure flexibility in enhancing supply chain resilience, which in turn contributes to the continuity and growth of organisations. The research emphasises the importance of focusing on collaboration and knowledge sharing to achieve greater flexibility in facing challenges, as well as investing in opportunities. Full article
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20 pages, 658 KiB  
Article
Gene–Lifestyle Interactions in Renal Dysfunction: Polygenic Risk Modulation via Plant-Based Diets, Coffee Intake, and Bioactive Compound Interactions
by Meiling Liu, Da-Sol Kim and Sunmin Park
Nutrients 2025, 17(5), 916; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17050916 - 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate genetic variants associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and their interactions with lifestyle factors and bioactive compounds in large hospital-based cohorts, assessing their impact on renal dysfunction risk. Methods: Participants were categorized into two groups [...] Read more.
Background: This study aimed to investigate genetic variants associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and their interactions with lifestyle factors and bioactive compounds in large hospital-based cohorts, assessing their impact on renal dysfunction risk. Methods: Participants were categorized into two groups based on eGFR: High-GFR (control; n = 51,084) and Low-GFR (renal dysfunction; n = 7617), using an eGFR threshold of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Genetic variants were identified through a genome-wide association analysis, and their interactions with lifestyle factors were assessed a using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analysis. Additionally, interactions between polygenic risk scores (PRS) and nutrient intake were examined. Results: Low eGFR was associated with higher urinary protein levels (4.67-fold) and correlated with a Western-style diet and with saturated fat, arginine, and isoleucine intakes but not sodium intake. The genetic model for low eGFR included variants linked to energy production and amino acid metabolism, such as rs1047891_CPS1, rs3770636_LRP2, rs5020545_SHROOM3, rs3812036_SLC34A1, and rs4715517_HCRTR2. A high PRS was associated with a 1.78-fold increased risk of low eGFR after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The PRS from the 6-SNP model interacted with plant-based diets (PBDs) and coffee intake, where individuals with higher PBD and coffee consumption had a lower risk of renal dysfunction. Additionally, CPS1 rs1047891 interacted with vitamin D intake (p = 0.0436), where the risk allele was linked to lower eGFR with low vitamin D intake but not with high intake. Molecular docking showed that vitamin D3 had a lower binding energy to the CPS1 mutant type (−9.9 kcal/mol) than the wild type (−7.5 kcal/mol), supporting a potential gene–nutrient interaction influencing renal function. Conclusions: Middle-aged and elderly individuals with a high genetic risk for renal dysfunction may benefit from a plant-based diet, moderate coffee consumption, and sufficient vitamin D intake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Foods and Nutritional and Botanical Supplements for the Enhancement of Human Health and Performance)
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