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Recent Articles  

22 pages, 3522 KiB  
Article
Life Cycle Carbon Emission Analysis of Buildings with Different Exterior Wall Types Based on BIM Technology
by Yuelong Lyu, Nikita Igorevich Fomin, Shuailong Li, Wentao Hu, Shuoting Xiao, Yue Huang and Chong Liu
Buildings 2025, 15(1), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15010138 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
Building energy conservation and emission reduction are crucial in addressing global climate change. High-performance insulated building envelopes can significantly reduce energy consumption over a building’s lifecycle. However, few studies have systematically analyzed carbon reduction potential through a life cycle assessment (LCA), incorporating case [...] Read more.
Building energy conservation and emission reduction are crucial in addressing global climate change. High-performance insulated building envelopes can significantly reduce energy consumption over a building’s lifecycle. However, few studies have systematically analyzed carbon reduction potential through a life cycle assessment (LCA), incorporating case studies and regional differences. To address this, this study establishes an LCA carbon emission calculation model using Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology and the carbon emission coefficient method. We examined four residential buildings in China’s cold regions and hot summer–cold winter regions, utilizing prefabricated concrete sandwich insulation exterior walls (PCSB) and autoclaved aerated concrete block self-insulating exterior walls (AACB). Results indicate that emissions during the operational phase account for 75% of total lifecycle emissions, with heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems contributing over 50%. Compared to AACB, PCSB reduces lifecycle carbon emissions by 18.54% and by 20.02% in hot summer–cold winter regions. The findings demonstrate that PCSB offers significant energy-saving and emission-reduction benefits during the construction and operation phases. However, it exhibits higher energy consumption during the materialization and demolition phases. This study provides a practical LCA carbon calculation framework that offers insights into reducing lifecycle carbon emissions, thereby guiding sustainable building design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Energy, Physics, Environment, and Systems)
22 pages, 2619 KiB  
Article
A Novel Power Prediction Model Based on the Clustering Modification Method for a Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine
by Jing Kong, Wei Yu, Jinwei Chen and Huisheng Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(1), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010432 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
Data-driven models utilizing machine learning algorithms provide an effective approach for predicting power in heavy-duty gas turbines, extracting valuable insights from large-scale operational datasets. However, global unified models often struggle to meet the accuracy requirements of all data when dealing with complex and [...] Read more.
Data-driven models utilizing machine learning algorithms provide an effective approach for predicting power in heavy-duty gas turbines, extracting valuable insights from large-scale operational datasets. However, global unified models often struggle to meet the accuracy requirements of all data when dealing with complex and variable operating conditions, leading to limited prediction accuracy for local conditions. To address this problem, a clustering modification method is introduced to develop a novel power prediction model for heavy-duty gas turbines. In this study, the Support Vector Regression (SVR) prediction model is combined with a k-means clustering modification model, enabling the model to adapt to different operational conditions. Operational data from an E-class gas turbine are carefully preprocessed, including filtering, noise reduction, and steady-state selection, to enhance data quality. Then, the k-means algorithm is employed to classify operational conditions, with tailored modification models trained for each category. These modification models refine predictions to accommodate variations in specific operating states. Experimental results demonstrate that the composite model achieves a 32.66% reduction in MAPE and an increase in R² to 0.9982 compared to single-model approaches. The analysis further highlights that training the model with 70% of the annual data achieves optimal prediction accuracy and stability. Additionally, the model significantly reduces high-error occurrences, with 75% of predictions having errors below 0.2946%. This method improves the precision and adaptability of power prediction for gas turbines, providing a practical framework that enhances the reliability of real-world applications and supports the advancement of data-driven energy systems. Full article
18 pages, 5467 KiB  
Article
Stem and Leaf Segmentation and Phenotypic Parameter Extraction of Tomato Seedlings Based on 3D Point
by Xuemei Liang, Wenbo Yu, Li Qin, Jianfeng Wang, Peng Jia, Qi Liu, Xiaoyu Lei and Minglai Yang
Agronomy 2025, 15(1), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15010120 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
High-throughput measurements of phenotypic parameters in plants generate substantial data, significantly improving agricultural production optimization and breeding efficiency. However, these measurements face several challenges, including environmental variability, sample heterogeneity, and complex data processing. This study presents a method applicable to stem and leaf [...] Read more.
High-throughput measurements of phenotypic parameters in plants generate substantial data, significantly improving agricultural production optimization and breeding efficiency. However, these measurements face several challenges, including environmental variability, sample heterogeneity, and complex data processing. This study presents a method applicable to stem and leaf segmentation and parameter extraction during the tomato seedling stage, utilizing three-dimensional point clouds. Focusing on tomato seedlings, data was captured using a depth camera to create point cloud models. The RANSAC, region-growing, and greedy projection triangulation algorithms were employed to extract phenotypic parameters such as plant height, stem thickness, leaf area, and leaf inclination angle. The results showed strong correlations, with coefficients of determination for manually measured parameters versus extracted 3D point cloud parameters being 0.920, 0.725, 0.905, and 0.917, respectively. The root-mean-square errors were 0.643, 0.168, 1.921, and 4.513, with absolute percentage errors of 3.804%, 5.052%, 5.509%, and 7.332%. These findings highlight a robust relationship between manual measurements and the extracted parameters, establishing a technical foundation for high-throughput automated phenotypic parameter extraction in tomato seedlings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Precision and Digital Agriculture)
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16 pages, 1195 KiB  
Article
Carbon Emission Reduction Assessment of Ships in the Grand Canal Network Based on Synthetic Weighting and Matter-Element Extension Model
by Zhengchun Sun, Sudong Xu and Jun Jiang
Sustainability 2025, 17(1), 349; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010349 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
Vessel traffic is an important source of global greenhouse gas emissions. The carbon emissions from ships in the canal network are directly linked to the environmental performance of China’s inland waterway transportation, contributing to the achievement of global carbon reduction goals. Therefore, systematically [...] Read more.
Vessel traffic is an important source of global greenhouse gas emissions. The carbon emissions from ships in the canal network are directly linked to the environmental performance of China’s inland waterway transportation, contributing to the achievement of global carbon reduction goals. Therefore, systematically assessing the carbon emission reduction levels of ships in canal networks is essential to provide a robust foundation for developing more scientific and feasible emission reduction strategies. To address the limitations of current evaluations—which often focus on a single dimension and lack an objective, quantitative representation of the mechanisms driving carbon emission and their synergistic effects—this study took a comprehensive approach. First, considering the factors influencing ship carbon emissions and emission reduction strategies, an evaluation index system was developed. This system included 6 first-level indexes and 22 s-level indexes, covering aspects such as energy utilization, technical equipment, and economic benefits. Second, a novel combination of methods was used to construct an evaluation model. Qualitative weights, determined through the interval binary semantic method, were integrated with quantitative weights calculated using the CRITIC method. These were then combined and assigned using a game-theory-based comprehensive assignment method. The resulting evaluation model, built upon the theory of matter-element topology, represents a significant methodological innovation. Finally, the evaluation method was applied to the empirical analysis of ships operating in Jiangsu section of the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal. This application demonstrated the model’s specificity and feasibility. The study’s findings provide valuable insights for improving carbon emission reduction levels for inland ships and advancing the sustainable development of the shipping industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Intelligent Transportation: Cooperative Systems and Vehicle Automation)
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13 pages, 1086 KiB  
Article
The Validation of a Novel, Sex-Specific LDL-Cholesterol Equation and the Friedewald, Sampson-NIH, and Extended-Martin–Hopkins Equations Against Direct Measurement in Korean Adults
by Hyun Suk Yang, Soo-Nyung Kim, Seungho Lee and Mina Hur
Metabolites 2025, 15(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15010018 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The currently established equations for calculating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) do not reflect the sex-specific differences in lipid metabolism. We aimed to develop a sex-specific LDLc equation (SSLE) and validate it with three established equations (Friedewald, Sampson-NIH, and ext-Martin–Hopkins) against direct [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The currently established equations for calculating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) do not reflect the sex-specific differences in lipid metabolism. We aimed to develop a sex-specific LDLc equation (SSLE) and validate it with three established equations (Friedewald, Sampson-NIH, and ext-Martin–Hopkins) against direct LDLc measurement in Korean adults. Methods: This study included 23,757 subjects (51% male; median age, 51 years) from the 2009–2022 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We developed the SSLE through multiple linear regression incorporating total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), triglycerides (TG), and sex. The validation metrics included Bland–Altman analysis for mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and agreement of the categorization based on the NCEP ATP-III guidelines, assessed by sex and lipid subgroups. Results: The derived SSLE equation was as follows: for TG < 200 mg/dL, LDLc = 0.963 × TC − 0.881 × HDLc − 0.111 × TG + 0.982 × Sex − 6.958; for TG ≥ 200 mg/dL, LDLc = 0.884 × TC − 0.646 × HDLc − 0.126 × TG + 3.742 × Sex − 3.214 (male = 1, female = 0). The MAPE was similar between males and females for the SSLE (4.6% for both) and ext-Martin–Hopkins (5.0% vs. 4.9%) but higher in males for the Sampson-NIH (5.4% vs. 4.9%) and Friedewald (7.6% vs. 5.7%). In the TG ≥ 400 mg/dL group, the MAPE increased progressively: SSLE (10.2%), ext-Martin–Hopkins (12.0%), Sampson-NIH (12.7%), and Friedewald (27.4%). In the LDLc < 70 mg/dL group, the MAPE was as follows: SSLE (8.0%), Sampson-NIH (8.6%), ext-Martin–Hopkins (9.7%), and Friedewald (12.8%). At TG 200–400 mg/dL, the SSLE revealed very good agreement (κ = 0.801) versus good agreement for other equations (ext-Martin–Hopkins κ = 0.794, Sampson-NIH κ = 0.782, Friedewald κ = 0.696). Conclusions: The novel SSLE demonstrated superior accuracy and agreement in Korean adults. Further validation studies across different ethnic populations are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Diseases—2nd Edition)
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24 pages, 6317 KiB  
Article
BIM-Based Machine Learning Application for Parametric Assessment of Building Energy Performance
by Panagiotis Tsikas, Athanasios Chassiakos, Vasileios Papadimitropoulos and Antonios Papamanolis
Energies 2025, 18(1), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010201 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
The energy performance of buildings has become a main concern globally in response to increased energy demand, the environmental impacts of energy production, and the reality of energy poverty. To improve energy efficiency, proper building design should be secured at the early design [...] Read more.
The energy performance of buildings has become a main concern globally in response to increased energy demand, the environmental impacts of energy production, and the reality of energy poverty. To improve energy efficiency, proper building design should be secured at the early design phase. Digital tools are currently available for performing energy assessment analyses and can efficiently handle complex and technically demanding buildings. However, alternative designs should be checked individually, and this makes the process time-consuming and prone to errors. Machine learning techniques can provide valuable assistance in developing decision support tools. In this paper, typical residential buildings are considered along with eleven factors that highly affect energy performance. A dataset of 337 instances of such parameters is developed. For each dataset, the building energy performance is estimated based on BIM analysis. Next, statistical and machine learning techniques are implemented to provide artificial models of energy performance. They include statistical regression modeling (SRM), decision trees (DTs), random forests (RFs), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The analysis reveals the contribution of each factor and highlights the ANN as the best performing model. An easy-to-use interface tool has been developed for the instantaneous calculation of the energy performance based on the independent parameter values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Energy Performance Modelling and Simulation)
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13 pages, 312 KiB  
Article
Market Reaction to Earnings Announcements Under Different Volatility Regimes
by Yusuf Joseph Ugras and Mark A. Ritter
J. Risk Financial Manag. 2025, 18(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18010019 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
This study investigates the occurrence and persistence of abnormal stock returns surrounding corporate earnings announcements, particularly emphasizing how varying frequencies of financial reporting influence market behavior. Specifically, this research examines the effects of the timing and frequency of disclosures on market reactions and [...] Read more.
This study investigates the occurrence and persistence of abnormal stock returns surrounding corporate earnings announcements, particularly emphasizing how varying frequencies of financial reporting influence market behavior. Specifically, this research examines the effects of the timing and frequency of disclosures on market reactions and stock price volatility during critical earnings announcement periods. By analyzing firms within the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) from 2014 to 2024, this study evaluates the interplay between financial reporting schedules and market responses to stock prices. Furthermore, it considers the impact of peer firms’ reporting practices on the assimilation of firm-specific information into stock prices. Using econometric models, including Vector Auto Regression (VAR), Impulse Response Functions (IRFs), and Self-Exciting Threshold Autoregressive (SETAR) models, causal relationships between reporting frequency, stock price volatility, and abnormal return patterns across different volatility regimes are identified. The findings highlight that quarterly reporting practices intensify market responses and contribute to significant variations in stock price behavior in high-volatility periods. These insights provide a deeper understanding of the role of financial disclosure practices and forward-looking guidance in shaping market efficiency. This study contributes to ongoing discussions about balancing the transparency benefits of frequent reporting with its potential to amplify market volatility and sector-specific risks, offering valuable implications for policymakers, investors, and corporate managers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Accounting & Auditing Research)
36 pages, 4704 KiB  
Article
Computational Fluid Dynamics Prediction of the Sea-Keeping Behavior of High-Speed Unmanned Surface Vehicles Under the Coastal Intersecting Waves
by Xiaobin Hong, Guihong Zheng, Ruimou Cai, Yuanming Chen and Guoquan Xiao
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(1), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13010083 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
To better study the sea-keeping response behavior of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) in coastal intersecting waves, a prediction is conducted using the CFD method in this paper, in which a USV with the shape of a small-scale catamaran and designed target for high-speed [...] Read more.
To better study the sea-keeping response behavior of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) in coastal intersecting waves, a prediction is conducted using the CFD method in this paper, in which a USV with the shape of a small-scale catamaran and designed target for high-speed navigating is considered. The CFD method is proved to be good enough at ship response prediction and can be utilized in abundant forms of towing experiment simulations, including planar motion mechanism experiments. The regular and irregular wave generation of numerical CFD can also virtualize the actual wave tank work, making it equally scientific but more efficient than the real test. This research regards the changing trend of encounter characteristics of USVs meeting two trains of waves with different inclination angles and wavelengths by monitoring wave profiles, pitch, heave, acceleration, slamming force, and pressure on specific locations of the USV hull. This paper first introduces the modeling method of intersecting waves in a virtual tank and verifies the wave profiles by comparing them with a theoretical solution. Further, the paper focuses on the sea-keeping motion of USVs and analyzes the complicated influences of encounter parameters. Eventually, this paper analyzes the changing pattern of the motion in encounter frequency and investigates the severity during the sea-keeping period through acceleration analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
14 pages, 2205 KiB  
Article
Germline Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism GFI1-36N Causes Alterations in Mitochondrial Metabolism and Leads to Increased ROS-Mediated DNA Damage in a Murine Model of Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia
by Jan Vorwerk, Longlong Liu, Theresa Helene Stadler, Daria Frank, Helal Mohammed Mohammed Ahmed, Pradeep Kumar Patnana, Maxim Kebenko, Eva Dazert, Bertram Opalka, Nikolas von Bubnoff and Cyrus Khandanpour
Biomedicines 2025, 13(1), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13010107 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: GFI1-36N represents a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the zinc finger protein Growth Factor Independence 1 (GFI1), in which the amino acid serine (S) is replaced by asparagine (N). The presence of the GFI1-36N gene variant is associated with a reduced DNA [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: GFI1-36N represents a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the zinc finger protein Growth Factor Independence 1 (GFI1), in which the amino acid serine (S) is replaced by asparagine (N). The presence of the GFI1-36N gene variant is associated with a reduced DNA repair capacity favoring myeloid leukemogenesis and leads to an inferior prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, the underlying reasons for the reduced DNA repair capacity in GFI1-36N leukemic cells are largely unknown. Since we have demonstrated that GFI1 plays an active role in metabolism, in this study, we investigated whether increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) could contribute to the accumulation of genetic damage in GFI1-36N leukemic cells. Methods: We pursued this question in a murine model of human AML by knocking in human GFI1-36S or GFI1-36N variant constructs into the murine Gfi1 gene locus and retrovirally expressing MLL-AF9 to induce AML. Results: Following the isolation of leukemic bone marrow cells, we were able to show that the GFI1-36N SNP in our model is associated with enhanced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), increased ROS levels, and results in elevated γ-H2AX levels as a marker of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The use of free radical scavengers such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and α-tocopherol (αT) reduced ROS-induced DNA damage, particularly in GFI1-36N leukemic cells. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the GFI1-36N variant is associated with extensive metabolic changes that contribute to the accumulation of genetic damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research on Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Volume II)
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50 pages, 2370 KiB  
Systematic Review
Movement Disorders and Smart Wrist Devices: A Comprehensive Study
by Andrea Caroppo, Andrea Manni, Gabriele Rescio, Anna Maria Carluccio, Pietro Aleardo Siciliano and Alessandro Leone
Sensors 2025, 25(1), 266; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25010266 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
In the medical field, there are several very different movement disorders, such as tremors, Parkinson’s disease, or Huntington’s disease. A wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms characterizes them. It is evident that in the modern era, the use of smart wrist devices, [...] Read more.
In the medical field, there are several very different movement disorders, such as tremors, Parkinson’s disease, or Huntington’s disease. A wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms characterizes them. It is evident that in the modern era, the use of smart wrist devices, such as smartwatches, wristbands, and smart bracelets is spreading among all categories of people. This diffusion is justified by the limited costs, ease of use, and less invasiveness (and consequently greater acceptability) than other types of sensors used for health status monitoring. This systematic review aims to synthesize research studies using smart wrist devices for a specific class of movement disorders. Following PRISMA-S guidelines, 130 studies were selected and analyzed. For each selected study, information is provided relating to the smartwatch/wristband/bracelet model used (whether it is commercial or not), the number of end-users involved in the experimentation stage, and finally the characteristics of the benchmark dataset possibly used for testing. Moreover, some articles also reported the type of raw data extracted from the smart wrist device, the implemented designed algorithmic pipeline, and the data classification methodology. It turned out that most of the studies have been published in the last ten years, showing a growing interest in the scientific community. The selected articles mainly investigate the relationship between smart wrist devices and Parkinson’s disease. Epilepsy and seizure detection are also research topics of interest, while there are few papers analyzing gait disorders, Huntington’s Disease, ataxia, or Tourette Syndrome. However, the results of this review highlight the difficulties still present in the use of the smartwatch/wristband/bracelet for the identified categories of movement disorders, despite the advantages these technologies could bring in the dissemination of low-cost solutions usable directly within living environments and without the need for caregivers or medical personnel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Sensors and Signal Processing in Industry)
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13 pages, 465 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Efficacy of Defensive Antibacterial Coating (DAC™) Periprosthetic Joint Infection Prevention in the Hip: A Systematic Review
by Antonio Bove, Adriano Braile, Giovanni Matino, Nicola Del Regno, Sabrina Sirico, Nicola Orabona and Mariantonia Braile
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(1), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14010270 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are a significant issue in joint replacement surgery patients, affecting results and mortality. Recent research focuses on developing hydrogels (HG) and antimicrobial coatings to reduce pressure injuries, with DACTM HG showing lower infection risk in hip revision [...] Read more.
Background: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are a significant issue in joint replacement surgery patients, affecting results and mortality. Recent research focuses on developing hydrogels (HG) and antimicrobial coatings to reduce pressure injuries, with DACTM HG showing lower infection risk in hip revision surgery. However, the effectiveness of DACTM hydrogel in PIJs is still unknown. Here, we attempt to update the literature in this field, pointing out methodological flaws and providing guidance for further research. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review using the PRISMA guidelines. Quality assessment was performed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Coleman Methodology Score (CMS). Results: Among 27 records from the initial search, 3 studies resulted eligible for final evaluation. It was observed that following the three surgical procedures performed in combination with DAC™ loaded with specific antibiotics, the quality of life of the treated patients had improved. No side effects associated with DAC™ treatment were in fact observed. Conclusion: The amount and quality of scientific evidence are yet insufficient to either encourage or dissuade the use of such hydrogels in hip prosthesis, despite some intriguing first results. These challenges will be better addressed by randomized controlled trials or longitudinal prospective investigations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Arthroplasty: Advances in Surgical Techniques and Patient Outcomes)
26 pages, 27035 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Air Conditioning System Efficiency Through Load Prediction and Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study of Ground Source Heat Pumps
by Zhitao Wang, Yubin Qiu, Shiyu Zhou, Yanfa Tian, Xiangyuan Zhu, Jiying Liu and Shengze Lu
Energies 2025, 18(1), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010199 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
This study proposes a control method that integrates deep reinforcement learning with load forecasting, to enhance the energy efficiency of ground source heat pump systems. Eight machine learning models are first developed to predict future cooling loads, and the optimal one is then [...] Read more.
This study proposes a control method that integrates deep reinforcement learning with load forecasting, to enhance the energy efficiency of ground source heat pump systems. Eight machine learning models are first developed to predict future cooling loads, and the optimal one is then incorporated into deep reinforcement learning. Through interaction with the environment, the optimal control strategy is identified using a deep Q-network to optimize the supply water temperature from the ground source, allowing for energy savings. The obtained results show that the XGBoost model significantly outperforms other models in terms of prediction accuracy, reaching a coefficient of determination of 0.982, a mean absolute percentage error of 6.621%, and a coefficient of variation for the root mean square error of 10.612%. Moreover, the energy savings achieved through the load forecasting-based deep reinforcement learning control method are greater than those of traditional constant water temperature control methods by 10%. Additionally, without shortening the control interval, the energy savings are improved by 0.38% compared with deep reinforcement learning control methods that do not use predictive information. This approach requires only continuous interaction and learning between the agent and the environment, which makes it an effective alternative in scenarios where sensor and equipment data are not present. It provides a smart and adaptive optimization control solution for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems in buildings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section A: Sustainable Energy)
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24 pages, 8540 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Free Surface Deformation and Melt Stirring in Induction Melting Using ALE and Level Set Methods
by Pablo Garcia-Michelena, Emilio Ruiz-Reina, Olaia Gordo-Burgoa, Nuria Herrero-Dorca and Xabier Chamorro
Materials 2025, 18(1), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18010199 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
This study investigates fixed and moving mesh methodologies for modeling liquid metal–free surface deformation during the induction melting process. The numerical method employs robust coupling of magnetic fields with the hydrodynamics of the turbulent stirring of liquid metal. Free surface tracking is implemented [...] Read more.
This study investigates fixed and moving mesh methodologies for modeling liquid metal–free surface deformation during the induction melting process. The numerical method employs robust coupling of magnetic fields with the hydrodynamics of the turbulent stirring of liquid metal. Free surface tracking is implemented using the fixed mesh level set (LS) and the moving mesh arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation. The model’s geometry and operating parameters are designed to replicate a semi-industrial induction melting furnace. Six case studies are analyzed under varying melt masses and coil power levels, with validation performed by comparing experimentally measured free surface profiles and magnetic field distributions. The melt’s stirring velocity and recirculation patterns are also examined. The comparative analysis determines an improved performance of the ALE method, convergence, and computational efficiency. Experimental validation confirms that the ALE method reproduces the free surface shape more precisely, avoiding unrealistic topological changes observed in LS simulations. The ALE method faces numerical convergence difficulties for high-power and low-mass filling cases due to mesh element distortion. The proposed ALE-based simulation procedure is a potential numerical optimization tool for enhancing induction melting processes, offering scalable and robust solutions for industrial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Metallurgy: Metallurgical Process, Materials Processing and Resource Utilization)
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18 pages, 7630 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of 3D-Printed Connectors in Chair Construction: A Comparative Study with Traditional Mortise-and-Tenon Joints
by Antoniu Nicolau, Marius Nicolae Baba, Camelia Cerbu, Cătălin Cioacă, Luminița-Maria Brenci and Camelia Cosereanu
Materials 2025, 18(1), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18010201 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
The present paper investigates the possibility of replacing the traditional L-type corner joint used in chair construction with a 3D printed connector, manufactured using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) method and black PLA as filament. The connector was designed to assemble the legs [...] Read more.
The present paper investigates the possibility of replacing the traditional L-type corner joint used in chair construction with a 3D printed connector, manufactured using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) method and black PLA as filament. The connector was designed to assemble the legs with seat rails and stretchers, and it was tested under diagonal tensile and compression loads. Its performance was compared to that of the traditional mortise-and-tenon joint. Stresses and displacements of the jointed members with connector were analyzed using non-linear Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis. Both connector and mortise-and-tenon joint were employed to build chair prototypes made from beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.). Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method was used to analyze the displacements in the vicinity of the jointed members of the chairs. Seat and backrest static load tests were carried out in order to verify if the chairs withstand standard loading requirements. Results indicated that the 3D printed connector exhibited equivalent mechanical performance as the traditional joint. The recorded displacement values of the chair with 3D-printed connectors were higher than those of the traditional chair reaching 0.6 mm on the X-axis and 1.1 mm on the Y-axis, without any failures under a maximum vertical load of approximately 15 kN applied to the seat. However, it successfully withstood the loads for seating and backrest standard tests, in accordance with EN 1728:2012, without any structural failure. This paper presents a new approach for the chair manufacturing sector, with potential applicability to other types of furniture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Mechanics of Materials)
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23 pages, 552 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Hyperbolic Discounting on Asset Accumulation for Later Life: A Study of Active Investors Aged 65 Years and over in Japan
by Honoka Nabeshima, Sumeet Lal, Haruka Izumi, Yuzuha Himeno, Mostafa Saidur Rahim Khan and Yoshihiko Kadoya
Risks 2025, 13(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/risks13010008 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
Asset accumulation in later life is a pressing issue in Japan due to the growing gap between life expectancy (87.14 years for women, 81.09 years for men in 2023) and the retirement age (65 or less). This gap heightens financial insecurity, emphasizing the [...] Read more.
Asset accumulation in later life is a pressing issue in Japan due to the growing gap between life expectancy (87.14 years for women, 81.09 years for men in 2023) and the retirement age (65 or less). This gap heightens financial insecurity, emphasizing the need to meet asset goals by 65. Hyperbolic discounting, driven by present-biased preferences, often hinders this process, but empirical evidence for those aged 65 and older remains limited. Moreover, prior research has overlooked the varying impacts of hyperbolic discounting across different wealth levels. This study addresses these gaps by analyzing data from 6709 active Japanese investors aged over 65 (2023 wave) using probit regression. Wealth thresholds are categorized into four levels: JPY 20 million, JPY 30 million, JPY 50 million, and JPY 100 million. The results show that hyperbolic discounting significantly impairs asset accumulation at the JPY 100 million level but not at lower thresholds. This effect likely reflects the complex nature of hyperbolic discounting, which primarily affects long-term savings and investments. The findings underscore the importance of addressing hyperbolic discounting in later-life financial planning. Recommendations include implementing automatic savings plans, enhancing financial literacy, and incorporating behavioral insights into planning tools to support better asset accumulation outcomes. Full article
12 pages, 530 KiB  
Article
The Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Disordered Eating Among Adult Athletes in Italy and Lebanon
by Valentina Cavedon, Dima Kreidieh, Chiara Milanese, Leila Itani, Massimo Pellegrini, Dana Saadeddine, Elisa Berri and Marwan El Ghoch
Nutrients 2025, 17(1), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17010191 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Disordered eating (DE) is a wide-spectrum condition, represented by altered eating patterns, behaviors, and attitudes aimed at controlling food intake, body weight, and shape, which does not necessarily satisfy the diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder of clinical severity. DE is frequently [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Disordered eating (DE) is a wide-spectrum condition, represented by altered eating patterns, behaviors, and attitudes aimed at controlling food intake, body weight, and shape, which does not necessarily satisfy the diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder of clinical severity. DE is frequently reported among athletes, but its prevalence and associated factors have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we intended to assess the prevalence of DE among adult athletes from different sports disciplines in Italy and Lebanon and to identify the factors associated with DE. Methods. A validated questionnaire (Eating Attitude Test [EAT-26]) was administered to determine the prevalence of DE, which was indicated by a score ≥ 17. Sport-related information, such as the type of sport, level of competition, training volume, and years of athletic experience, was also collected. Results: Among the total sample of 881 athletes, 78 were identified as having DE, with a prevalence of 6.1% (7.8% of females and 4.9% of males) in Italian athletes and 21.3% (27.3% of females and 17.0% of males) in Lebanese athletes. In addition, among male athletes, the risk of having DE was more than threefold in those practicing weightlifting or bodybuilding (odds ratio [OR] = 3.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–10.08, and p < 0.05), while females with more athletic experience had almost 10% less risk of having DE (OR = 0.92; 95%CI = 0.86–0.98, and p < 0.05). Conclusions: DE is a prevalent condition among athletes. Therefore, it is crucial that sports federations and committees consider adopting standardized practical guidelines that focus on routinely screening for the early identification of DE in this population and implementing strategies for its timely management. In the future, longitudinal studies are also needed to clarify the impact of DE on athletes’ clinical condition as well as their physical fitness and sports performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Disordered Eating and Mental Health)
30 pages, 9935 KiB  
Article
A Versatile Workflow for Building 3D Hydrogeological Models Combining Subsurface and Groundwater Flow Modelling: A Case Study from Southern Sardinia (Italy)
by Simone Zana, Gabriele Macchi Ceccarani, Fabio Canova, Vera Federica Rizzi, Simone Simone, Matteo Maino, Daniele D’Emilio, Antonello Micaglio and Guido Bonfedi
Water 2025, 17(1), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17010126 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
This research project aims to develop a basin-scaled 3D hydrogeological model by using Petrel E&P (Petrel 2021©) as the basis for a numerical groundwater flow model developed with “ModelMuse”. A relevant aspect of the project is the use of Petrel 2021© geologic modelling [...] Read more.
This research project aims to develop a basin-scaled 3D hydrogeological model by using Petrel E&P (Petrel 2021©) as the basis for a numerical groundwater flow model developed with “ModelMuse”. A relevant aspect of the project is the use of Petrel 2021© geologic modelling tools in the field of applied hydrogeology to improve the details of both hydrogeological and numerical groundwater flow models, and their predictive capabilities. The study area is located in South Sardinia (Campidano Plain), where previous hydrogeological and modelling studies were available. The hydrogeological model was developed by digitising and interpreting the facies in the available borehole logs; a grid was subsequently created, including the main hydrogeological surfaces and performing geostatistical modelling of the facies based on grain size percentages. Afterwards, an empiric formula, achieved from flow tests and laboratory analyses, was applied to the grain size distribution to obtain preliminary hydraulic conductivity values, calibrated during simulations. These simulations, under various groundwater head scenarios, established the boundary conditions and conductivity values needed to determine the hydrogeological balance of the study area. The probabilistic approach has produced a highly detailed model able to adequately represent the natural hydrogeological phenomena and the anthropic stresses in places underground. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Hydrogeology)
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13 pages, 4333 KiB  
Article
Design and Synthesis of Phthalocyanine-Sensitized Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts: A Dual-Pathway Study
by Qi Shao, Jiaqi Liu, Qiwang Chen, Jing Yu, Zhongbao Luo, Rongqiang Guan, Zichen Lin, Mingxuan Li, Yi Li, Cong Liu and Yan Li
Materials 2025, 18(1), 202; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18010202 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
Phthalocyanine-sensitized TiO2 significantly enhances photocatalytic performance, but the method of phthalocyanine immobilization also plays a crucial role in its performance. In order to investigate the effect of the binding strategy of phthalocyanine and TiO2 on photocatalytic performance, a dual-pathway study has [...] Read more.
Phthalocyanine-sensitized TiO2 significantly enhances photocatalytic performance, but the method of phthalocyanine immobilization also plays a crucial role in its performance. In order to investigate the effect of the binding strategy of phthalocyanine and TiO2 on photocatalytic performance, a dual-pathway study has been conducted. On the one hand, zinc-tetra (N-carbonylacrylic) aminephthalocyanine (Pc) was directly grafted onto the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 (FST). On the other hand, Pc was immobilized on a silane coupling agent ((3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane) grafted onto the surface of the FST. Through photocatalytic experiments on the two types of composite materials synthesized, the results showed that the photocatalyst obtained by directly sensitizing Pc (FSTP) exhibited better performance on rhodamine B(RhB) removal than did the other photocatalyst using the silane coupling agent (FSTAP). Further mechanistic studies showed that directly sensitized FSTP exhibited more efficient photogenerated electron–hole pair separation, whereas FSTAP linked by a silane coupling agent created an additional transport distance that might greatly affect the photogenerated electron transport. Therefore, the dual-pathway research in this work provides new guidance for efficiently constructing phthalocyanine-sensitized TiO2 photocatalysts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Nanoarchitectonics with Molecular and Materials Science: Materials for Energy, Environment, Bio, and Others (2nd Edition))
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18 pages, 2905 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Mutual Inductance Characteristics of Rectangular Coils Based on Double-Sided Electromagnetic Shielding Technology and Study of the Effects of Positional Misalignment
by Yang Leng, Derong Luo, Zhongqi Li and Fei Yu
Electronics 2025, 14(1), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14010200 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
In wireless power transfer systems, the relative positional misalignment between transmitting and receiving coils significantly impacts the system’s mutual inductance characteristics, thereby constraining the system’s output power stability and transmission efficiency optimization potential. Hence, accurate formulas for calculating mutual inductance are crucial for [...] Read more.
In wireless power transfer systems, the relative positional misalignment between transmitting and receiving coils significantly impacts the system’s mutual inductance characteristics, thereby constraining the system’s output power stability and transmission efficiency optimization potential. Hence, accurate formulas for calculating mutual inductance are crucial for optimizing coil structures and achieving mutual inductance stability. This study focuses on the mutual inductance characteristics of rectangular coils under positional misalignment conditions in a dual-sided electromagnetic shielding environment. Initially, the research deduces the incident magnetic flux density induced by the current in rectangular coils through the dual Fourier transform and magnetic vector potential method. Subsequently, Maxwell’s equations and boundary conditions are employed to analytically examine the induced eddy currents within the shielding layer, allowing for the calculation of reflected magnetic flux density. Based on these analyses, the study derives a formula for mutual inductance using the magnetic flux density method. A prototype was built for experimental verification. The experiment results show that the maximum error between the measured mutual inductance and the calculated result is less than 3.8%, which verifies the feasibility and the accuracy of the proposed calculation method. Simulations and empirical validation demonstrate the superior accuracy and practicality of the proposed formula. This research not only offers an innovative technological pathway for enhancing the stability and efficiency of wireless power transfer systems but also provides a solid theoretical foundation and guiding framework for coil design and optimization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Numerical Methods for Advanced Computation of Electromagnetic Devices and Microsystems)
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20 pages, 3925 KiB  
Article
Non-Rigid Cycle Consistent Bidirectional Network with Transformer for Unsupervised Deformable Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Registration
by Yingying Wang, Yu Feng and Weiming Zeng
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010046 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background: In neuroscience research about functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), accurate inter-subject image registration is the basis for effective statistical analysis. Traditional fMRI registration methods are usually based on high-resolution structural MRI with clear anatomical structure features. However, this registration method based on [...] Read more.
Background: In neuroscience research about functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), accurate inter-subject image registration is the basis for effective statistical analysis. Traditional fMRI registration methods are usually based on high-resolution structural MRI with clear anatomical structure features. However, this registration method based on structural information cannot achieve accurate functional consistency between subjects since the functional regions do not necessarily correspond to anatomical structures. In recent years, fMRI registration methods based on functional information have emerged, which usually ignore the importance of structural MRI information. Methods: In this study, we proposed a non-rigid cycle consistent bidirectional network with Transformer for unsupervised deformable functional MRI registration. The work achieves fMRI registration through structural MRI registration, and functional information is introduced to improve registration performance. Specifically, we employ a bidirectional registration network that implements forward and reverse registration between image pairs and apply Transformer in the registration network to establish remote spatial mapping between image voxels. Functional and structural information are integrated by introducing the local functional connectivity pattern, the local functional connectivity features of the whole brain are extracted as functional information. The proposed registration method was experimented on real fMRI datasets, and qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the quality of the registration method were implemented on the test dataset using relevant evaluation metrics. We implemented group ICA analysis in brain functional networks after registration. Functional consistency was evaluated on the resulting t-maps. Results: Compared with non-learning-based methods (Affine, Syn) and learning-based methods (Transmorph-tiny, Cyclemorph, VoxelMorph x2), our method improves the peak t-value of t-maps on DMN, VN, CEN, and SMN to 18.7, 16.5, 16.6, and 17.3 and the mean number of suprathreshold voxels (p < 0.05, t > 5.01) on the four networks to 2596.25, and there is an average improvement in peak t-value of 23.79%, 12.74%, 12.27%, 7.32%, and 5.43%. Conclusions: The experimental results show that the registration method of this study improves the structural and functional consistency between fMRI with superior registration performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Neurotechnology and Neuroimaging)
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17 pages, 13090 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Imaging of Projected Electric Potentials of Operando Semiconductor Devices by Time-Resolved Electron Holography
by Tolga Wagner, Hüseyin Çelik, Simon Gaebel, Dirk Berger, Peng-Han Lu, Ines Häusler, Nina Owschimikow, Michael Lehmann, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski, Christoph T. Koch and Fariba Hatami
Electronics 2025, 14(1), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14010199 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
Interference gating (iGate) has emerged as a groundbreaking technique for ultrafast time-resolved electron holography in transmission electron microscopy, delivering nanometer spatial and nanosecond temporal resolution with minimal technological overhead. This study employs iGate to dynamically observe the local projected electric potential within the [...] Read more.
Interference gating (iGate) has emerged as a groundbreaking technique for ultrafast time-resolved electron holography in transmission electron microscopy, delivering nanometer spatial and nanosecond temporal resolution with minimal technological overhead. This study employs iGate to dynamically observe the local projected electric potential within the space-charge region of a contacted transmission electron microscopy (TEM) lamella manufactured from a silicon diode during switching between unbiased and reverse-biased conditions, achieving a temporal resolution of 25 ns at a repetition rate of 3 MHz. By synchronizing the holographic acquisition with the applied voltage, this approach enables the direct visualization of time-dependent potential distributions with high precision. Complementary static and dynamic experiments reveal a remarkable correspondence between modeled and measured projected potentials, validating the method’s robustness. The observed dynamic phase progressions resolve and allow one to differentiate between localized switching dynamics and preparation-induced effects, such as charge recombination near the sample edges. These results establish iGate as a transformative tool for operando investigations of semiconductor devices, paving the way for advancing the nanoscale imaging of high-speed electronic processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Optoelectronics)
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14 pages, 2492 KiB  
Article
Molecular Detection of Acetobacter aceti and Acetobacter pasteurianus at Different Stages of Wine Production
by Irina Mitina, Cristina Grajdieru, Rodica Sturza, Valentin Mitin, Silvia Rubtov, Anatol Balanuta, Emilia Behta, Angela Deaghileva, Fatih Inci, Nedim Hacıosmanoğlu and Dan Zgardan
Foods 2025, 14(1), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14010132 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
Acetobacter aceti and Acetobacter pasteurianus belong to acetic acid bacteria (AAB), associated with wine spoilage. The timely detection of AAB, thought essential for their control, is however challenging due to the difficulties of their isolation. Thus, it would be advantageous to detect them [...] Read more.
Acetobacter aceti and Acetobacter pasteurianus belong to acetic acid bacteria (AAB), associated with wine spoilage. The timely detection of AAB, thought essential for their control, is however challenging due to the difficulties of their isolation. Thus, it would be advantageous to detect them using molecular methods at all stages of winemaking and storage. In this paper, we analyzed wines, musts and grapes of 13 varieties grown in different regions with Protected Geographical Indication of the Republic of Moldova for the presence of AAB, Acetobacter aceti and Acetobacter pasteurianus by real-time PCR and measured wine volatile acidity. Overall, the AAB content in the mature wine explained 33.7% of the variance in the volatile acidity of the mature wine, while the A. pasteurianus content in the mature wine alone explained 59.6% of the variability in the volatile acidity in the wine, and its content in the grapes, must and wine explained about 70% of the variance in the the volatile acidity. This makes A. pasteurianus a good candidate to be a potential predictor of wine volatile acidity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 4th International Electronic Conference on Foods—"Focus on Sustainable Food Systems: Current Trends and Advances" (Foods2023))
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28 pages, 2068 KiB  
Article
Topic Analysis of the Literature Reveals the Research Structure: A Case Study in Periodontics
by Carlo Galli, Maria Teresa Colangelo, Marco Meleti, Stefano Guizzardi and Elena Calciolari
Big Data Cogn. Comput. 2025, 9(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc9010007 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
Periodontics is a complex field characterized by a constantly growing body of research, which poses a challenge for researchers and stakeholders striving to stay abreast of the evolving literature. Traditional bibliometric surveys, while accurate, are labor-intensive and not scalable to meet the demands [...] Read more.
Periodontics is a complex field characterized by a constantly growing body of research, which poses a challenge for researchers and stakeholders striving to stay abreast of the evolving literature. Traditional bibliometric surveys, while accurate, are labor-intensive and not scalable to meet the demands of such rapidly expanding domains. In this study, we employed BERTopic, a transformer-based topic modeling framework, to map the thematic landscape of periodontics research published in MEDLINE from 2009 to 2024. We identified 31 broad topics encompassing four major thematic axes—patient management, periomedicine, oral microbiology, and implant-related surgery—thereby illuminating core areas and their semantic relationships. Compared with a conventional Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) approach, BERTopic yielded more contextually nuanced clusters and facilitated the isolation of distinct, smaller research niches. Although some documents remained unlabeled, potentially reflecting either semantic ambiguity or niche topics below the clustering threshold, our results underscore the flexibility, interpretability, and scalability of neural topic modeling in this domain. Future refinements—such as domain-specific embedding models and optimized granularity levels—could further enhance the precision and utility of this method, ultimately guiding researchers, educators, and policymakers in navigating the evolving landscape of periodontics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Semantic Technologies in Intelligent Environment)
16 pages, 2312 KiB  
Case Report
Single-Stage Microsurgical Clipping of Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms in a Patient with Cerebral Atherosclerosis: A Case Report and Review of Surgical Management
by Corneliu Toader, Matei Serban, Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc, Mugurel Petrinel Radoi, Ghaith Saleh Radi Aljboor, Horia Petre Costin, Milena-Monica Ilie, Andrei Adrian Popa and Radu Mircea Gorgan
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(1), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14010269 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
The management of multiple intracranial aneurysms presents significant clinical challenges, particularly when complicated by underlying conditions such as cerebral atherosclerosis. This case report highlights the successful treatment of a 66-year-old female diagnosed with three intracranial aneurysms located in the right middle cerebral artery [...] Read more.
The management of multiple intracranial aneurysms presents significant clinical challenges, particularly when complicated by underlying conditions such as cerebral atherosclerosis. This case report highlights the successful treatment of a 66-year-old female diagnosed with three intracranial aneurysms located in the right middle cerebral artery (MCA), pericallosal artery, and M2 segment. The patient also had a history of systemic atherosclerosis and right-sided breast cancer, factors that increased the complexity of surgical intervention. The aim of this report is to demonstrate the efficacy of single-stage microsurgical clipping in managing multiple aneurysms with favorable outcomes in a complex patient profile. Methods: The patient underwent right-sided pterional craniotomy for microsurgical clipping of all three aneurysms during a single-stage procedure. Two aneurysms in the MCA were clipped using Yasargil clips, and a third aneurysm located at the bifurcation of the pericallosal artery was also secured with a clip. The procedure was performed under microscopic visualization, with meticulous dissection of the atherosclerotic vessels and careful intraoperative hemostasis. Postoperative care involved proactive perioperative management, including blood pressure control and vigilant neurological monitoring. Results: Postoperative imaging at three months confirmed proper clip placement with no evidence of residual aneurysm filling or ischemic complications. The patient exhibited a full neurological recovery, with no deficits or further complications, highlighting the effectiveness of the surgical approach in managing multiple aneurysms concurrently. Conclusions: This case supports the use of single-stage microsurgical clipping as an effective treatment for patients with multiple intracranial aneurysms, even in the presence of complicating factors such as atherosclerosis. A meticulous surgical technique and perioperative management are critical to achieving favorable outcomes and reducing the risk of delayed ischemia or other postoperative complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurovascular Diseases: Clinical Advances and Challenges)
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18 pages, 5924 KiB  
Article
Climate Change and Meteorological Effects on Building Energy Loads in Pearl River Delta
by Sihao Chen, Yi Yang and Jiangbo Li
Sustainability 2025, 17(1), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010348 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
Global climate change is significantly altering the energy consumption patterns and outdoor environments of buildings. The current meteorological data utilized for building design exhibit numerous deficiencies. To effectively address the needs of future building usage in design, it is crucial to establish more [...] Read more.
Global climate change is significantly altering the energy consumption patterns and outdoor environments of buildings. The current meteorological data utilized for building design exhibit numerous deficiencies. To effectively address the needs of future building usage in design, it is crucial to establish more refined meteorological parameters that accurately reflect the climate of specific geographical locations. Utilizing 60 years of meteorological data from Guangzhou, this study employs the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) method to define four archetypal meteorological years, providing a robust foundation for subsequent analysis. The findings indicate a significant increase in the frequency of high temperatures and temperature values during the summer months, with an increase of nearly 20% in the cumulative degree hours (CDHs) used for calculating a typical meteorological year (TMY4) over the past 30 years. Additionally, there has been an increase of 0.4–0.7 °C in the air conditioning design daily temperature. The statistics on outdoor calculation parameters for different geographical locations, as well as outdoor design parameters for varying guaranteed rate levels in the Pearl River Delta, reveal a substantial impact on outdoor calculation parameters. The maximum difference in cooling load is approximately 9.3%, with a generally high cooling demand in summer and a relatively low heating demand in winter. Furthermore, the calculation values for different non-guaranteed rates can be applied flexibly to meet the needs of engineering applications. This study provides a valuable reference for updating meteorological parameters in building design. By refining meteorological parameters, this study enables more accurate predictions of energy needs, leading to optimized building designs that reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. It supports the development of resilient buildings capable of adapting to changing climatic conditions, thus contributing to long-term environmental sustainability. Full article
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13 pages, 5041 KiB  
Article
Shape-Persistent Tetraphenylethylene Macrocycle: Highly Efficient Synthesis and Circularly Polarized Luminescence
by Peixin Liu, Yuexuan Zheng, Zejiang Liu, Zhiyao Yang, Ziying Lu, Xiongrui Ai, Zecong Ye, Cheng Yang, Xiaowei Li and Lihua Yuan
Materials 2025, 18(1), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18010200 (registering DOI) - 5 Jan 2025
Abstract
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is an emerging field with significant applications in molecular electronics, optical materials, and chiroptical sensing. Achieving efficient CPL emission in organic systems remains a major challenge, particularly in the development of materials with high fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF [...] Read more.
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is an emerging field with significant applications in molecular electronics, optical materials, and chiroptical sensing. Achieving efficient CPL emission in organic systems remains a major challenge, particularly in the development of materials with high fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) and large luminescence dissymmetry factors (glum). Herein, we report the efficient synthesis of shape-persistent tetraphenylethylene macrocycles and investigate its potential as a CPL material. Chiral side chains were introduced to induce chiroptical properties. The macrocycles and their properties were characterized using NMR, MALDI-TOF MS, FT-IR, TGA, DSC, UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, fluorescence spectroscopy, ECD, and CPL. A significant fluorescence enhancement was observed upon aggregation, demonstrating a typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior. Moreover, one of the macrocycles in the solid state displayed distinct CPL emission with a high glum of 2 × 10−2 and a ΦF value reaching 60%, and exhibited aggregation-induced circularly polarized luminescence (AICPL). These findings highlight the advantage of using a macrocycle with a noncollapsible backbone for the design of organic systems with CPL property, offering promising applications in chiroptical materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Molecular to Supramolecular Materials)
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