Health and Human Rights

Attention Press and Media: As a known legal and bioethics expert in women's health I have witnessed the reality that many women's health issues are lost in getting national coverage. It is clear that language concepts are essential in the education of the public on complex medical issues. At a recent meeting held at the Jungian Institute in Los Angeles a group of female therapists (all well-educated and not isolated persons), I found that only one woman had heard of morcellation. The rest of the group were horrified and found it difficult to believe me as I discussed the event of morcellation. This incident showed me the failure of our nation to learn about man made medical disasters that have cause pain, suffering, dysfunction and yes, even death of women. In order for one to discuss these issues basic terms are needed to begin with. I recalled my years of philosophy and that language is essential in the transference of information. One cannot report on these topics without having a language that the public can understand. Thus I will be providing new terms so that the press and reporters can use the terms and focus on these stories, for the loss of life is ongoing. Sometimes a term is needed to understand an event in our history. When the term " holocaust " came into use, the world was then capable of grasping the horror. There has been little effort to recognize that these stories all need to be told so that action can take place to change " mayhem and killing practices " .

I am asking you to publish this across the nation. ~ Dr. Vikki Hufnagel, MD

This paper reviews domestic and international activism seeking justice for Romani and other women harmed by coercive, forced, and involuntary sterilization in the former Czechoslovakia and Czech Republic. Framed by Michel Foucault’s theory of biopower, it summarizes the history of these abuses and describes human rights campaigns involving domestic and international litigation, advocacy, and grassroots activism, as well as the responses of the Czech governments. The paper describes how legal and policy work during the past decade has led to recognition of coercive, forced, and involuntary sterilization as a present-day human rights issue worldwide, to the adoption of new guidelines on female sterilization, and to a joint statement on the issue by seven UN agencies. Relying on academic literature, reports by domestic and international human rights groups, state investigations, judgments from Czech courts and the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), media reports, and the experience...

Climate change should be viewed fundamentally as an issue of global justice. Understanding the complex interplay of climatic and socioeconomic trends is imperative to protect human health and lessen the burden of diseases such as dengue fever. Dengue fever is rapidly expanding globally. Temperature, rainfall, and frequency of natural disasters, as well as non-climatic trends involving population growth and migration, urbanization, and international trade and travel, are expected to increase the prevalence of mosquito breeding sites, mosquito survival, the speed of mosquito reproduction, the speed of viral incubation, the distribution of dengue virus and its vectors, human migration patterns towards urban areas, and displacement after natural disasters. The burden of dengue disproportionately affects the poor due to increased environmental risk and decreased health care. Mobilization of social institutions is needed to improve the structural inequalities of poverty that predispose th...

About the Editors Robert G. Evans is Professor of Economics and Faculty, Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia. Dr. Evans is the author of Strained Mercy: The Economics of Canadian Health Care, and of many journal articles. He is a ...

Universal healthcare may be defined as any healthcare system that ensures
at least basic coverage to most, if not all, citizens of a country. Although it
may be implemented in many ways, universal healthcare has been widely
accepted by international humanitarian organizations such as the World
Health Organization (WHO) as the best way to ensure the universal human
right to health. So why is the United States the only industrialized country
without universal healthcare? What are the political, social, and economic
factors that have prevented its successful introduction?

Universal Healthcare explores what universal healthcare is, the many forms
it can take—using examples from countries around the world—and the
tumultuous history of attempts to implement a system of universal
healthcare in the United States. Part II delves into the contentious issues
and debates surrounding adoption of universal healthcare in the United
States. Lastly, Part III provides a variety of useful materials, including case
studies, a timeline of critical events, a glossary, and a directory of
resources

This paper, which is part of a primary interdisciplinary doctoral research work with a qualitative research design, seeks to understand the ethical principles that intersect healthcare jurisprudence in litigations where citizens, who have encountered death or violations in the provision of critical care, have had to take recourse to the courts to get justice. Primary data was triangulated from (i) a review of 10 judgments of the Supreme Court of India and high courts on emergency medical care and medical negligence, selected through a keyword search in legal databases, and (ii) 45 in-depth and expert interviews conducted with judges, advocates, public health experts and petitioners. The respondents were selected on the basis of purposive sampling and snowballing methods. The analysis was guided by the political-economic and moral-ethical perspectives of the right to healthcare. "Preservation of/saving life" and "duty of care" are established as absolute, non-negotiable and supreme constitutional obligations of the medical profession and the State. Conversely, refusing adequate and emergency care in institutions such as police stations, prisons, railways, and public and private medical establishments is considered a violation of the fundamental right to life. Even though ethics jurisprudence is constrained by the commercial-profiteering ethos, especially in the context of Indian healthcare policy, the analysis points to the fact that principles of right to life and dignity do lay the foundation of discourse on healthcare jurisprudence in India. This provides a strong basis for enhancing care for citizens and shaping the healthcare system to meet critical, chronic and emergency needs.

In basic human rights, the right to health has an important place due to the organic relationship with the right to life. The right to life, which is the most basic right of the individual, is directly related to the protection of health on the one hand and the utilization of health services on the other. In addition to benefiting from the right to health of all individuals, the protection of the health of vulnerable groups and the dimension of access to health care comes as an important area to be addressed.
In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the status of beneficiaries of adult arrested and prisoner in prisons, which are from vulnerable groups, through application petitions which are an important means of seeking a right. In this study, which was conducted through a document review in line with this general objective, treatment requests and complaints related to the health service provision of adult attained and prisoners in prisons were examined in terms of content, language and requests through 723 individual application petitions addressed to the Ministry of Health.

This article seeks to text Uganda’s efforts, setbacks and strategies confronting legalising health entitlements in Ugandan.
Placing health service seekers at the center of health care champions have met scorn form health workers and providers that choose staying unregulated. The Ministry of Health- Uganda adopted the patient’s rights charter in 2009. It must be acknowledged that the 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, as amended does not explicitly entitle Ugandans- the right to health.

Even after Ugandan activists worked to successfully annul the Anti-Homosexuality Act, which for five months made homosexuality punishable by life in prison, human rights abuses against LGBTI Ugandans pursued. In this report, based on first-hand testimonies, Sexual Minorities Uganda documents the physical threats, violent attacks, torture, arrest, blackmail, non-physical threats, press intrusion, state prosecution, termination of employment, loss of physical property, harassment, eviction, mob justice, and family banishment that are all too often apart of the lived experience for sexual and gender minorities in Uganda. This report has documented 264 verified cases of persecutions of LGBT individuals based on their sexual orientation or gender identity. Of the 264 cases documented in this report 48 involved acts of violence, including 35 cases involving physical threats or violent attacks, and 13 instances of torture by the state. The largest proportion of documented cases involved intimidation, with 84 cases, while 73 involved loss of property (including loss of employment, physical property, and eviction), and 59 involved social exclusion (including discrimination when accessing healthcare, community discrimination,and family banishment) — all of which the Ugandan government has failed to investigate.

Willen, Sarah S., Michael Knipper, César E Abadía-Barrero, & Nadav Davidovitch. 2017. "Syndemic vulnerability and the right to health." The Lancet 389(10072):964-977

Investigators working both in syndemics, a field of applied health research with roots in medical anthropology, and in the field of health and human rights recognise that upstream social, political, and structural determinants contribute more to health inequities than do biological factors or personal choices. Syndemics investigates synergistic, often deleterious interactions among comorbid health conditions, especially under circumstances of structural and political adversity. Health and human rights research draws on international law to argue that all people deserve access not only to health care, but also to the underlying determinants of good health. Taking the urgent matter of migrant health as an empirical focus, we juxtapose the fields of syndemics and health and human rights, identify their complementarities, and advocate for a combined approach. By melding insights from these fields, the combined syndemics/health and human rights approach advanced here can provide clinicians and other key stakeholders with concrete insights, tools, and strategies to tackle the health inequities that affect migrants and other vulnerable groups by: (1) mapping the effect of social, political, and structural determinants on health; (2) identifying opportunities for upstream intervention; and (3) working collaboratively to tackle the structures, institutions, and processes that cause and exacerbate health inequities. Undergirding this approach is an egalitarian interpretation of the right to health that differs from narrow legalistic and individual interpretations by insisting that all people are equal in worth and, as a result, equally deserving of protection from syndemic vulnerability.

The epidemiology and political economy of the global health gap has provoked struggle over TRIPS and access to medicines for HIV/AIDS and other health needs in developing countries.  This in turn raises broader questions about the WTO regime’s impact on health and its relationship to other international legal norms, such as states’ legal obligation to realize progressively the human right to the highest attainable standard of health.  A critical review of WTO treaties and jurisprudence identifies concerns with the regime’s treatment to date of health-related measures.  In WTO dispute settlement, a state’s binding human rights obligations must not only guide WTO treaty interpretation but be given full effect, in line with the international legal hierarchy in which human rights norms are “constitutional”, enjoying primacy over other norms such as WTO intellectual property rules.  This hierarchy can and should be reflected in the creation, interpretation and operation of the WTO regime.

Birthing can be an empowering experience for women. Within many Indigenous cultures around the world, birth is a ceremony to celebrate new life, acknowledging the passing from the spiritual world into the physical world. While initiatives to “indigenize” health care have been made, this paper argues that the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals contain frameworks for Indigenous rights that include the right to incorporate Indigenous childbirth ceremonies into clinical practice. Examining the importance of birthplace, this paper details a current movement in Manitoba, Canada, to “bring birth home,” which recognizes that the determinants of health experienced in the early stages of a child’s development can have health implications for an individual’s future.

"Latinos are now the largest ethnic minority population in the United States and still they encounter a great deal of misunderstanding, prejudice, and discrimination. Utilizing a strengths-based perspective, Social Work Practice with Latinos addresses the unique needs of this diverse population.

Written by practitioners and scholars from many disciplines, this book discusses social issues of consequence to Latinos and specific strengths and risk factors of the Latino community. They then offer methods that utilize these strengths to ensure a culturally-competent approach to practice with Latino populations. Each chapter is accompanied by key questions for personal and group reflection to facilitate discussion and understanding of these vital themes.

The editors have nearly three decades of combined experience working with Latino populations inside and outside the United States. Drawing on this experience, they integrate these varied perspectives to prepare students and practitioners for practice with this richly diverse community."

Enclosed is a philosophically oriented impassioned plea for a revolution in the way we think about the future in light of climate change. It was composed as a university and public presentation for the Institute for Culture and Society' series on Revolutions at my home institution, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, Fall 2017. As I read it again now, I am impressed--though saddened--by the urgency of its commonsense message: we must act. We must act collectively, globally, and with deliberation to stem the growing tide of climate change catastrophe.

Yet, I fear we are moving just as swiftly--backwards.

Wendy Lynne Lee

This social science case study examines the sex trafficking of women and girls in Metro Manila through a public health lens. Through key informant interviews with 51 health care and anti-trafficking stakeholders in Metro Manila, this study reports on observations about sex trafficking in Metro Manila that provide insight into understanding of risk factors for sex trafficking at multiple levels of the social environment: individual (for example, childhood abuse), socio-cultural (for example, gender inequality and a "culture of migration"), and macro (for example, profound poverty caused, inter alia, by environmental degradation disrupting traditional forms of labor). It describes how local health systems currently assist sex-trafficking victims, and provides a series of recommendations, ranging from prevention to policy, for how health care might play a larger role in promoting the health and human rights of this vulnerable population.

This study utilized the community structure approach to analyze newspaper coverage of posttraumatic
stress (PTS) in veterans in 26 U.S. cities. The study examined whether media placed responsibility for PTS treatment on government or society through a review of 353 articles from
March 20, 2003, to March 20, 2013. Researchers coded articles for “prominence” and “direction” to produce a “Media Vector” for each paper, ranging from 0.8403 to ..0.3592. Results showed that 25 of 26 Media Vectors (96%) supported government responsibility. Pearson correlations yielded
nine significant findings. Results disconfirmed buffer hypotheses linking privilege with support for government responsibility (privilege defined by percentage of college educated, percentage of family income $100,000 or more, and percentage of professional/technical occupational status; r =
-.486, -.524, -.553, respectively, significant at the .006 level). Stakeholder hypotheses were also disconfirmed; greater percentages of age 65 and older correlated with more emphasis on government responsibility (r = + .340, p = .048), whereas greater percentages of age 25 to 44 correlated with
less emphasis (r = -.342, p = .047). The only confirmed hypothesis linked percentage of age 45 to 64 with less emphasis on government responsibility (r = -.559, p = .002). A regional finding was noteworthy: Media in the Midwest supported government responsibility more than other egions.
Regression analysis revealed three variables influencing coverage most significantly: Family Income $100K+ (26% of variance), Percentage of Hispanic (8%), and professional/TechnicalOccupational status (5%). It must be noted that nearly all newspapers yielded positive Media Vectors. This indicates that coverage in major cities generally favors government responsibility for veterans’ PTS treatment, and Pearson correlation results may represent differences in the degree of support and demographic characteristics influencing this support.

The European Commission, EFSA, the European Chemical Agency, the British Government are still keeping glyphosate on the market, despite all the papers from around the world that they have ignored!
Our Council has been spraying Roundup all year to "banish weeds" for the benefit of the tourists and the Health and Safety Agency refuses to ask them to stop. However, we currently have a massive crisis in the NHS... so perhaps someone will listen.

Η υγεία του μεμονωμένου ατόμου αποτελεί ιδιωτικό αγαθό, για το οποίο ο φορέας του ευθύνεται πρωτίστως έναντι του ίδιου του εαυτού του και δευτερευόντως έναντι όλων εκείνων στους οποίους ο ίδιος έχει παραχωρήσει πρόσβαση στο ιδιωτικό του βασίλειο. Η δημόσια υγεία, από την άλλη, αποτελεί δημόσιο αγαθό, αναπαλλοτρίωτο και παμπεριληπτικό. Η αντίληψη αυτή της υγείας ως δημοσίου αγαθού, όμως, φαίνεται να ευνοεί τη ροπή προς στάσεις και επιλογές που κάθε άλλο παρά την προάγουν: τα δημόσια αγαθά γενικώς παρουσιάζονται ευάλωτα αφενός έναντι της εγγενούς κλίσης της ανθρώπινης φύσης προς το free riding και αφετέρου στη διαρκή ετοιμότητά της να παραδίδεται στον μακάριο εφησυχασμό. Στο σύντομο αυτό δοκίμιο θα υποστηρίξω τις θέσεις πως α) η επίκληση του δικαιώματος στην ιδιωτικότητα –και ο δικαιωματισμός συνολικά– συνιστούν απλοϊκή στάση απέναντι στα πράγματα, ιδίως όταν εξετάζονται στο πλαίσιο μιας πανδημίας όπως αυτή που έχει ενσκήψει λόγω της εξάπλωσης του SARS-CoV-2, και β) πως η αντίληψη της υγείας ως δημοσίου αγαθού δεν απαλλάσσει το ηθικό πρόσωπο από την ηθική ευθύνη έναντι των μελών που συναπαρτίζουν την κοινότητα εντός της οποίας αυτό ζει και δρα.

This paper demonstrated that laws that criminalise sex work or aspects thereof are associated with negative outcomes for sex workers’ right to health under international law. It also showed that the right to health is an underused mechanism in judicial challenges to these laws.

The objective was to analyse, at practical and judicial levels, the relationship between prohibitory prostitution laws and the right to health. International treaties were examined to establish the relevant content of the right. Studies of the health-related effects of these laws, in various jurisdictions, were reviewed. Existing research into the effects of legalising prostitution under specified circumstances, and the effects of decriminalisation, was also examined. Case law was reviewed of judicial challenges to prostitution laws, and health-related aspects of relevant cases were discussed. The reasons that each court did or did not reach a decision protecting sex workers’ right to health were also considered.

The dissertation found that prohibitory laws lead to negative consequences for sex workers’ health by increasing their risk of violence and sexually-transmitted infections; adversely affecting their mental health, through these risks and through stigmatisation; denying them occupational health and safety; and excluding them from the process by which health-affecting decisions are made. It found positive health outcomes from removal of these laws, although excessive regulation of legal prostitution can have negative effects. It also found insufficient justification for health-based arguments in favour of prohibitory laws.

It showed that only a small number of challenges to these laws have highlighted their relationship to health, and the basis of these challenges has not been the right to health itself, although a breach of a derivative right has sometimes been asserted. Health has also, at times, served as a defence to these laws.
It concluded that sex workers’ right to health can best be protected through a legal framework that decriminalises consensual commercial sex and explicitly protects their occupational health and safety rights. This must be accompanied by efforts to ameliorate stigmatisation. Judicial action can play a role, although it may require the assertion of a derivative right rather than the right to health.

SOMMARIO: 1. Legislazione di emergenza e dati personali.-2. Dati sanitari, ricerca scientifica e Covid-19.-3. Localizzazione e creazione di mappe epidemiologiche.-4. I sistemi di contact tracing e la posizione delle Autorità garanti: l'approccio "pan-europeo"-5. La scelta italiana della app "Immuni" e il d.l. n. 28/2020.-6. Segue. Centralizzazione o delocalizzazione della raccolta dei dati?-7. Una app ci salverà?-8. Incertezze del futuro, fermezza del diritto e problemi etici.
ABSTRACT. L'esigenza di fronteggiare lo stato di pandemia con disposizioni di rango legislativo (e non solo) ha incisivamente investito la disciplina della protezione dei dati personali e in particola-re dei dati di tipo sanitario. Anche se le autorità europee hanno tracciato le coordinate di un approccio "pan-europeo" che, anche al tempo del Covid-19, mira a non sacrificare i principi fondamentali del trattamento (in particolare quello di proporzionalità), il diritto alla protezione dei dati personali sta affrontando una prova importante, nella quale il confronto con la tutela della salute collettiva rischia di trasformare il possibile bilanciamento in compressione delle sue essenziali garanzie.
The need to face the pandemic situation trough legislative provisions (and not only), has incisively affected the discipline of data protection, in particular of health data. Although the European authorities built the foundations of a "pan-European" approach which, even at the time of Covid-19, aims not to sacrifice the fundamental principles of processing, especially the proportionality, data protection is facing a crucial test, where the comparison with the protection of collective health threatens to transform the possible balance into a compression of data protection core guarantees.

Bergallo, Paola, “La causa Mendoza, una experiencia de judicialización cooperativa sobre el derecho a la salud”, in Por una justicia dialógica : el poder judicial como promotor de la deliberación democrática, comp. Roberto Gargarella, (Siglo XXI Editores, Buenos Aires, 2014).

http://www.sigloxxieditores.com.ar/fichaLibro.php?libro=978-987-629-395-2

Prawo do zdrowia jest podstawowym prawem człowieka, które czerpie swe źródło w przyrodzonej godności ludzkiej. W wymiarach: fizycznym, psychicznym, społecznym i duchowym zdrowie stanowi fundament możliwości zrealizowania innych wartości za pomocą środków indywidualnych i społecznych. W związku z tzw. dynamiką normatywizacji pojawiła się
potrzeba porządkowania i hierarchizowania pewnych kategorii praw człowieka, w tym prawa do zdrowia, według ściśle wyodrębnionych kryteriów. Określenie miejsca zdrowia pośród innych dóbr szczególnie cennych dla człowieka pozwala na uzyskanie skuteczniejszej jego ochrony. Opracowanie niniejsze wychodzi naprzeciw tej potrzebie.

Health issues of non-heterosexual men are not similar across the world. Health issues come with varying consequences to the lives of individuals when studying violations to the right to health. Health disparities exist in societies regardless of their attitudes towards LGBT individuals. This study’s added value to the existing abundance of academic knowledge is its attention on sexual identity and subjectivities and its profound impact in the fulfillment of the fundamental right to health. The majority of previous studies on gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) identities in Cambodia are focused largely on individualistic risky sexual behaviour. The global HIV epidemic raised the awareness of LGBT communities but has led to the labelling of non-heterosexual men as “at-risk” or “socially deviant” populations.

Therefore, the research question put forward by this research is: “How does the GB-MSM sexual identity impact (or affect) the access to sexual health care of GB-MSM in Cambodia?” This study takes into consideration indigenous Khmer terminologies that describe sexuality and gender, such as the boros sralang boros, sak lay and pros saat. This study employs queer theory and queer methodology in its analysis premised on the notion that privilege heterosexuality discriminates those outside this stem of power. This study pays close attention to the multiplicity and fluidity of the subject and subjectivities which are sculpted not only by sexuality and gender, but also race, ethnicity, postcoloniality and class. This research “queer(y)” presents the narratives of Khmer GB-MSM individuals and medicalized notions of sexual identity (and behaviour) impacting the navigation of sexual health access. Utilizing the stories of the participants, this paper challenges the labelling, regulating and controlling of sexuality under categories of “deviance”, “risk” and “illness”. Biomedicine constructed a causal link between homosexuality and HIV/AIDS developing standards wherein queer bodies are seen as diseased and heterosexual bodies as the standard of normality and health.

The findings from this study have evinced that sexuality plays a pivotal role in the access to sexual health services due to fear of exposing one’s sexuality, distrust in the healthcare system because of previous experiences of mistreatment, and acceptance within social circles including the family. However, other factors to access have surfaced such as cost of sexual health care services (like HIV/AIDS testing and treatment), outreach strategies of health service providers and existence of peer-based models. In order to achieve global health justice we have to place prime focus on the dismantling of the hierarchizations and categorization of non-normative sexual identities.

The word "circumcision" comes from Latin circum (meaning "around") and caedere (meaning "to cut"). Cultural and religious justifications are employed to convince members of the community as well as outsiders that circumcision is reasonable and just. The purpose of the discussion is to suggest some cardinal changes to the practice of male circumcision in order to make it more humane and less painful to its subjects. Balancing between group rights and the rights of the child, it is essential to avoid unnecessary suffering. It is one of the liberal state's obligations to protect the best interests of vulnerable third parties. The article opens with some preliminary data about male circumcision and then explains its importance in Judaism. It examines the medical reasons for male circumcision and the risks involved in the practice; subsequently, it discusses the critique of male circumcision. The article also highlights the points of agreement and disagreement between those supporting and opposing the ritual and insists that male circumcision should be performed by using anaesthesia. The final part of the article includes a proposal for humane male circumcision that considers religious sentiments and the rights of the child, aiming to strike a reasonable balance between competing interests. I hope the proposal will be debated in parliaments in the western world. If we are to achieve a richer culture, rich in contrasting values, we must recognize the whole gamut of human potentialities, and so weave a less arbitrary social fabric, one in which each diverse gift will find a fitting place.

The essay offers a critical examination of the tendency to segregate discussion of surgical alterations to the male and female genitals into separate compartments -- the first known as circumcision, the second as genital mutilation.  It is argued that this fundamental problem underlies the considerable controversy surrounding these procedures when carried out on minors, and that it hinders objective discussion of the alleged benefits, harms and risks.  The variable effects of male and female genital surgeries are explored, and a scale of damage for male circumcision to complement the World Health Organization's categorization of female genital mutilation is proposed.  The origins of the double standard identified are placed in historical perspective, and a brief conclusion makes a plea for greater gender neutrality in the approach to this contentious issue.

In this paper the author focuses on the need for further supports, and training, for Aboriginal midwives in Ontario. The alarming health disparities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people, including devastating stillbirth and infant loss rates, mean that more attention needs to be paid to Aboriginal women's experiences of, and health during, pregnancy and childbirth. The author advocates for the return of birth to communities, which means more funding for Aboriginal midwifery birthing centres and training programmes. Where hospital birth is necessary because of high-risk and low service provisions, hospitals are advised to incorporate culturally appropriate services (such as Elders and Midwives), and the government is urged to increase funding for families to visit or call so women are not alone when they give birth.

Several events that took place during recent years, such as the French Act on the rights of patients and the end of life, the Terri Schiavo case and Lord Joffe’s proposal for an Assisted Dying Bill in the United Kingdom, have triggered the debate on euthanasia more than ever.
It is therefore opportune to revisit basic notions related thereto and to make a comparative analysis of the legal regime of euthanasia in several countries in Europe and elsewhere, as well as to try to see how the public awareness of the problem has of late developed.
There seems to be a clear trend in many legal systems towards an increasing respect for the patient’s right to self-determination. However, we are still looking at a complex social game, where legal and medical terminology are manipulated and euphemisms are invented in order to accommodate bad moral consciences and avoid political unrest.

Do unauthorized im/migrants have a right to health? Do they deserve health care, or health protection, or access to the social determinants of good health? Are they party to prevailing social contracts, or does their exclusion from mainstream systems of health promotion, prevention, and care “make sense”? Questions like these, which generate considerable attention in multiple spheres of scholarship, policy, and public debate, revolve around an issue that merits substantially greater consideration among social scientists of health: health-related “deservingness.” In addition to putting the issue of health-related deservingness squarely on the map as an object of analysis, the paper further argues that we cannot focus solely on those with power, influence, and public voice. Rather, we also must investigate how deservingness is reckoned in relation to – and, furthermore, from the perspectives of – unauthorized im/migrants and members of other groups commonly constructed in public and policy discourse as undeserving. Additionally, we must also examine the complicated relationship between universalizing juridical arguments about formal entitlement to health rights, on one hand, and situationally specific, vernacular moral arguments about deservingness, on the other.

KEYWORDS: Israel – unauthorized im/migration – im/migrant health – “illegality” – deservingness – health care access – idioms of social justice mobilization – renegade moralities

Sumario: Introducción; 1. Las instituciones de salud privadas: su regulación y los procesos judiciales en su contra; 1.1. El caso de Chile; 1.2. El caso de Brasil; 2. La debida diligencia y el derecho a la salud; Consideraciones finales; Bibliografia.

The following is a response to the unvarnished bigotry and swiftly descending police state that's coming to characterize the policy, actions, and ideology of the Donald Trump administration in the United States. It is written for a general audience as a response to a letter to the editor (in a feature called "30 Seconds") of the Press Enterprise, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania. It is also posted at my blog:

http://thewrenchphilosleft.blogspot.com/2017/02/a-short-course-in-logic-of-bigotry-and.html