- published: 27 Sep 2023
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Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells (also known as accessory cells) of the mammalian immune system. Their main function is to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system. They act as messengers between the innate and the adaptive immune systems.
Dendritic cells are present in those tissues that are in contact with the external environment, such as the skin (where there is a specialized dendritic cell type called the Langerhans cell) and the inner lining of the nose, lungs, stomach and intestines. They can also be found in an immature state in the blood. Once activated, they migrate to the lymph nodes where they interact with T cells and B cells to initiate and shape the adaptive immune response. At certain development stages they grow branched projections, the dendrites that give the cell its name (δένδρον or déndron being Greek for "tree"). While similar in appearance, these are structures distinct from the dendrites of neurons. Immature dendritic cells are also called veiled cells, as they possess large cytoplasmic 'veils' rather than dendrites.
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and cells are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology.
Cells consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell; including bacteria) or multicellular (including plants and animals). While the number of cells in plants and animals varies from species to species, humans contain more than 10 trillion (1013) cells. Most plant and animal cells are visible only under the microscope, with dimensions between 1 and 100 micrometres.
The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, who named the biological unit for its resemblance to cells inhabited by Christian monks in a monastery.Cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, that all cells come from preexisting cells, and that all cells contain the hereditary information necessary for regulating cell functions and for transmitting information to the next generation of cells. Cells emerged on Earth at least 3.5 billion years ago.
Cells is the first full-length release by Cex. It was released in 1998 on Cex's own Underscore Records.
The title of the album has nothing to do with the CD CexCells by electronica band Blaqk Audio.
Beta cells (β cells) are a type of cell found in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas. They make up 65-80% of the cells in the islets.
The primary function of a beta cell is to store and release insulin. Insulin is a hormone that brings about effects which reduce blood glucose concentration. Beta cells can respond quickly to spikes in blood glucose concentrations by secreting some of their stored insulin while simultaneously producing more.
Voltage-gated calcium channels and ATP-sensitive potassium ion channels are embedded in the cell surface membrane of beta cells. These ATP-sensitive potassium ion channels are normally open and the calcium ion channels are normally closed. Potassium ions diffuse out of the cell, down their concentration gradient, making the inside of the cell more negative with respect to the outside (as potassium ions carry a positive charge). At rest, this creates a potential difference across the cell surface membrane of -70mV.
A role (also rôle or social role) is a set of connected behaviours, rights, obligations, beliefs, and norms as conceptualized by people in a social situation. It is an expected or free or continuously changing behaviour and may have a given individual social status or social position. It is vital to both functionalist and interactionist understandings of society. Social role posits the following about social behaviour:
In computer programming, a trait is a concept used in object-oriented programming, which represents a set of methods that can be used to extend the functionality of a class.
Traits both provide a set of methods that implement behaviour to a class and require that the class implement a set of methods that parameterize the provided behaviour.
For inter-object communication and sharing, traits are somewhat between an object-oriented protocol (interface) and a mixin. An interface may define one or more behaviors via method signatures, while a trait defines behaviors via full method definitions: i.e., it includes the body of the methods. In contrast, mixins include full method definitions and may also carry state through member variable, while traits usually don't.
Hence an object defined as a trait is created as the composition of methods, which can be used by other classes without requiring multiple inheritance. In case of a naming collision, when more than one trait to be used by a class has a method with the same name, the programmer must explicitly disambiguate which one of those methods will be used in the class; thus manually solving the diamond problem of multiple inheritance. This is different from other composition methods in object-oriented programming, where conflicting names are automatically resolved by scoping rules.
A character (or fictional character) is a person in a narrative work of art (such as a novel, play, television series or film). Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ, the English word dates from the Restoration, although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749. From this, the sense of "a part played by an actor" developed. Character, particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema, involves "the illusion of being a human person." In literature, characters guide readers through their stories, helping them to understand plots and ponder themes. Since the end of the 18th century, the phrase "in character" has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor. Since the 19th century, the art of creating characters, as practiced by actors or writers, has been called characterisation.
A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type. Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised. The characters in Henrik Ibsen's Hedda Gabler (1891) and August Strindberg's Miss Julie (1888), for example, are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender, such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts.
With macrophages covered, let's move on to another innate immune cell type, dendritic cells. These are able to capture and present antigens to the T cells of the adaptive immune system, prompting a variety of outcomes. Let's take a look at the types of dendritic cells and what they do! Script by Niyati Vachharajani Select images provided by BioRender.com Watch the whole Immunology playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveImmuno General Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem Biochemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem Biology/Genetics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBio Anatomy & Physiology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveAnatPhys Biopsychology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiopsych Microbiology/Infectious Dise...
This video talks about Dendritic cells which are professional antigen presenters. Antigen-presenting cells play a crucial role in the innate immune system and this video talks about the role of dendritic cells in the immune response.
https://www.ibiology.org/immunology/immune-response/#part-2 The importance of dendritic cells to the immune response.
Baylor Health Care System scientists at the Baylor Institute for Immunology Research are studying dendritic cell vaccines as a way to fight cancer.
Maria Zagorulya, BS, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, elucidates the importance of understanding the role dendritic cells (DCs) play in eliciting an anti-tumor immune response and how they become dysfunctional in a tumor. DCs play a significant role in multiple steps of the anti-tumor immune response, including initiation of the response during priming but also later in the tumor microenvironment (TME), potentially to maintain stimulation of T-cell function. As such, Dr. Zagorulya explains that DCs may be required for T-cells to become effector cells and pursue execution of their cytotoxic function and elicit an anti-tumor response. This interview took place during the 36th Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C.
Copyright: Garland Science 11.4 Dendritic Cell Migration Immunology
This resource is from the Supercytes website - http://www.ed.ac.uk/supercytes Copyright © Donald J. Davidson, University of Edinburgh 2017 CC BY-NC-SA This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Supercytes was conceived, designed and developed by Donald J. Davidson, Elena Dorà, Cathy Hawley, Lisa Kelly and Phoebe Kirkwood; all medical research scientists at the University of Edinburgh / MRC Centre for Inflammation Research. http://www.cir.ed.ac.uk http://www.djdavidsonlab.net Supercytes artwork was produced by Jim Stirk with graphic design by Gillian Kidd. http://www.jimstirk.co.uk http://www.ed.ac.uk/is/graphic-design The development of Supercytes was funded by the We...
Without the help of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s), T-cells won’t be able to travel into the tumor to execute their function. DCs can present their antigens in different ways. Recent work has been focused on the mechanism that initiates cross-presentation. It is now known that DCs are required in order to sense actin on apoptotic cells which can induce cross-presentation. Another mechanism of antigen presentation is cross-dressing. In this interview, Maria Zagorulya, BS, of Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, expresses the importance in understanding how DCs help to guide T-cell responses via presenting antigens and providing various signals. This interview took place during the 36th Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) Annual Meeting in Washin...
#Zikavirus #ZIKV #pandemic 🦟 Microbes lovers come here: https://www.youtube.com/@InformationBoxTicketLifestyles?sub_confirmation=1 In this comprehensive video, we delve into the world of Zika virus, a global health threat that emerged unexpectedly. Explore the virology behind ZIKV, its transmission, symptoms, and the devastating impact it had on populations worldwide. Learn about the Zika outbreak in Brazil, the link to microcephaly, and the ongoing efforts to combat this infectious disease. Discover the latest research and prevention strategies to stay informed and protect yourself from ZIKV. Table of Contents: 🦟 Introduction to Zika Virus 🦟 Structure and Genome of Zika Virus 🦟 Transmission of Zika Virus 🦟 Pathogenesis of Zika Virus 🦟 Clinical Manifestations of Zika Virus 🦟 Diagnosis of...
Rockefeller University cell biologist Ralph M. Steinman, who discovered the immune system's sentinel dendritic cells and demonstrated that science can fruitfully harness the power of these cells and other components of the immune system to curb infections and other communicable diseases, is a recipient of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, announced by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden. Rockefeller Nobel Laureates: http://www.rockefeller.edu/about/awards/nobel/ Ralph M. Steinman's Bio: http://www.rockefeller.edu/about/awards/nobel/rsteinman/ http://www.rockefeller.edu
Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.org Ninja Nerds! In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will be teaching you about the structure and function of the cell. We review all of the organelles within the cell including the nucleus, nucleolus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, ribosome, and so much more! We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below! Ninja Nerd | Behind the Scenes: How Zach Studies and Prepares for a Lecture: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nG97ffhbYwo Outline: 00:00 - Intro and Overview 00:43 - Nucleus 01:06 - Nuclear Envelope (Inner and Outer Membranes) 02:50 - Nuclear Pores 03:52 - Nucleolus 04:51 - Chromatin 07:30 - Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 18:20 - Golgi Apparatus 23:0...
Subscribe to the Nucleus Biology channel to see new animations on biology and other science topics, plus short quizzes to ace your next exam: https://bit.ly/3lH1CzV For Employees of Hospitals, Schools, Universities and Libraries: Download 8 FREE medical animations from Nucleus by signing up for a free trial: http://nmal.nucleusmedicalmedia.com/free-trial-membership-b This animation by Nucleus shows you the function of plant and animal cells for middle school and high school biology, including organelles like the nucleus, nucleolus, DNA (chromosomes), ribosomes, mitochondria, etc. Also included are ATP molecules, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, microtubules, proteins, chloroplasts, chlorophyll, cell walls, cell membrane, cilia, flagellae, etc. 0:07 What is a cell? 0:35 What are the 2 categ...
Hello Friends, Checkout our Video on "Cell Biology | Introduction to Cells | Cells Structure" in Biology by Letstute. In this online video lecture and tutorial on Cell Biology we will learn about cells and its shape, size and many other components of cell. In this session we will learn about: 1) What is Cell 2) Discovery Of Cell 3) Unicellular organisms 4) Multi-cellular organisms 5) Organisms, Organs and Tissues 6) Invention of cell by Robert Hooke 7) Regeneration of cells 8) Components of cell I hope you will enjoy this session on Cell Biology - Introduction To Cell on Let's tute. Don't forget to Like, Comment and Share this video with your Friends..!! Buy our entire course on Cells and Its Components which includes video lectures, Assessments and Quiz Videos by clicking the li...
MIT 7.016 Introductory Biology, Fall 2018 Instructor: Adam Martin View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/7-016F18 YouTube Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUl4u3cNGP63LmSVIVzy584-ZbjbJ-Y63 Professor Martin discusses the key features of cells, from the relatively simple organization of prokaryotic cells to the more complex organization of eukaryotic cells. He then covers cell compartments, transport, mitochondria, and the cytoskeleton. License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA More information at https://ocw.mit.edu/terms More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu
Compares and contrasts prokaryote cells and eukaryote cells before exploring organelle structures and functions! Video includes the modern cell theory and plant vs. animal cell comparisons. See table of contents by expanding video details. 👇 Video has a handout: http://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts.html ⭐We have a menu of our resources that complement our videos! Visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1b3kmAzFEjWgoMKCrkeNCKFYunWk04IuLY93jI4OY0gY/edit?usp=sharing Contents of Major Points in Video: Intro 00:00 Cell Theory: 1:10 Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes 1:55 Tour Inside Cell Explaining Organelles and Structures 3:11 Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells 7:11 Pathway of Protein Out of Cell 8:15 *As mentioned in video, the structures and organelles mentioned in the video have more functions...
https://xvivo.com/examples/the-inner-life-of-the-cell/ Learn more about this animation on our website Harvard University selected XVIVO to develop an animation that would take their cellular biology students on a journey through the microscopic world of a cell, illustrating mechanisms that allow a white blood cell to sense its surroundings and respond to an external stimulus. This award winning piece was the first topic in a series of animations XVIVO is creating for Harvard's educational website BioVisions at Harvard. http://www.xvivo.net http://multimedia.mcb.harvard.edu/
This biology video tutorial provides a basic introduction into cell structure. It also discusses the functions of organelles such as the nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, etc. My E-Book: https://amzn.to/3B9c08z Video Playlists: https://www.video-tutor.net Homework Help: https://bit.ly/Find-A-Tutor Subscribe: https://bit.ly/37WGgXl Support & Donations: https://www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEWpbFLzoYGPfuWUMFPSaoA/join Here is a list of topics: 1. Introduction to the cell 2. The nucleus - the cell's command center 3. The Nucleolus - production of ribosomes 4. Chromatin & DNA 5. Smooth ER vs Rough ER 6. Lysosomes & Intracellular Digestion 7. The Golgi Body 8. The Mitochondria - Cellular Respiration & ATP...
In this video, we cover: - The different types of cell (Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic) - The differences and similarities between the structures of plant, animal, and bacterial cells - The sub-cellular structures / organelles you need to know - The four sub-cellular structures common to both animals and plants: mitochondria, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus and ribosomes - The three extra sub-cellular structure that plants have: cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts - The extra structures bacteria have: plasmids, flagella, circular strand of DNA Exam board specific info: AQA - Suitable for everyone IGCSE Edexcel - Suitable for everyone Edexcel - Suitable for everyone OCR 21st Century - Suitable for everyone OCR Gateway - Suitable for everyone Maths Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/play...
As an introduction to understanding pathophysiology, Cellular Biology is a foundational concept. A good grasp of cellular biology helps healthcare providers to understand illness and treatment options.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells (also known as accessory cells) of the mammalian immune system. Their main function is to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system. They act as messengers between the innate and the adaptive immune systems.
Dendritic cells are present in those tissues that are in contact with the external environment, such as the skin (where there is a specialized dendritic cell type called the Langerhans cell) and the inner lining of the nose, lungs, stomach and intestines. They can also be found in an immature state in the blood. Once activated, they migrate to the lymph nodes where they interact with T cells and B cells to initiate and shape the adaptive immune response. At certain development stages they grow branched projections, the dendrites that give the cell its name (δένδρον or déndron being Greek for "tree"). While similar in appearance, these are structures distinct from the dendrites of neurons. Immature dendritic cells are also called veiled cells, as they possess large cytoplasmic 'veils' rather than dendrites.
I've tried and tried to run and hide
To find a life that's new
But wherever I go I always know
I can't escape from you
A jug of wine to numb my mind
But what good does it do?
The jug runs dry and still I cry
I can't escape from you
These wasted years are souvenirs
Of love I thought was true
Your memory is chained to me
I can't escape from you
There is no end, I can't pretend
That dreams will soon come true
A slave too long to a heart of stone
I can't escape from you