In chemistry, molecular orbital (MO) theory is a method for determining molecular structure in which electrons are not assigned to individual bonds between atoms, but are treated as moving under the influence of the nuclei in the whole molecule. The spatial and energetic properties of electrons within atoms are fixed by quantum mechanics to form orbitals that contain these electrons. While atomic orbitals contain electrons ascribed to a single atom, molecular orbitals, which surround a number of atoms in a molecule, contain valence electrons between atoms. Molecular orbital theory, which was proposed in the early twentieth century, revolutionized the study of bonding by approximating the positions of bonded electrons—the molecular orbitals—as Linear Combinations of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO). These approximations are now made by applying the Density Functional Theory (DFT) or Hartree–Fock (HF) models to the Schrödinger equation.
Quantitative applications
In this theory, each molecule has a set of molecular orbitals, in which it is assumed that the molecular orbital wave functionψj can be written as a simple weighted sum of the n constituent atomic orbitalsχi, according to the following equation:
Bond order is the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms. For example, in diatomicnitrogen N≡N the bond order is 3, in acetylene H−C≡C−H the bond order between the two carbon atoms is also 3, and the C−H bond order is 1. Bond order gives an indication of the stability of a bond. The element with bond order value 0 cannot exist. Those with fractional values exist but are not stable.
In molecules that have resonance or nonclassical bonding, bond order does not need to be an integer. In benzene, where the delocalized molecular orbitals contain 6 pi electrons over six carbons essentially yielding half a pi bond together with the sigma bond for each pair of carbon atoms, giving a calculated bond order of 1.5. Furthermore, bond orders of 1.1, for example, can arise under complex scenarios and essentially refer to bond strength relative to bonds with order 1.
Valence Bond Theory, Hybrid Orbitals, and Molecular Orbital Theory
Attention! This video about molecular orbitals is much better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2k61JMk71M
Alright, let's be real. Nobody understands molecular orbitals when they first take chemistry. You just pretend you do, and then in your next course you learn them a little better. And then a little better than that. And five years later you sort of understand them. So don't get discouraged! Just watch this for a head start and do your best.
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published: 10 Jan 2016
Molecular Orbital Theory - Bonding & Antibonding MO - Bond Order
This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into molecular orbital theory. It describes the formation of bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals from the combination of atomic orbitals. It explains how to calculate the bond order of homonuclear diatomic molecule as well as heteronuclear diatomic molecules. It also contains examples and practice problems of homonuclear and heteronuclear molecular ions.
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published: 28 Dec 2020
Drawing Molecular Orbital Diagrams
published: 16 Aug 2017
13. Molecular Orbital Theory
MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2014
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/5-111F14
Instructor: Catherine Drennan
Why do some atoms readily form bonds with each other and other atoms don’t? Using molecular orbital theory, we can rationalize why molecular hydrogen is an abundant molecule whereas molecular helium is not. If you want to power your starship with dilithium crystals, you should watch this lecture.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
published: 03 Aug 2017
9.5 Molecular Orbital Theory | General Chemistry
Chad provides a comprehensive lesson on Molecular Orbital Theory. The lesson begins by showing how overlap of atomic orbitals results in both bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals. Constructive overlap between atomic orbitals results in a lower energy, bonding molecular orbital, while destructive overlap between atomic orbitals results in a higher energy, antibonding molecular orbital. The Molecular Orbital diagrams of H2 and He2 are both presented and used to explain why H2 exists and He2 does not. It is also shown how to calculate bond order from a molecular orbital diagram (formula) and how for many species this is consistent with the number of bonds in the Lewis structure.
The Molecular Orbital diagrams for homonuclear diatomic molecules of the second period are then presente...
published: 05 Nov 2021
CHEMISTRY 101: Molecular Orbital Theory, Bond order, bond strength, magnetic properties
In this example problem, we show how to fill a molecular orbital diagram for a diatomic molecule and use molecular bond theory to compare bond order, bond strength, and magnetic properties (paramagnetic or diamagnetic).
Use molecular orbital theory to determine:
a.) the bond order of N2
b.) whether N2 is paramagnetic or diamagnetic
c.) order of increasing bond strength for N2, N22-, N2+
published: 07 Nov 2015
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Molecular Orbital MO Theory Simplified for Sigma and Pi Bonds
http://Leah4sci.com/MOtheory presents: Molecular Orbital Theory for Sigma and Pi Bonds
Need help with Orgo? Download my free guide ’10 Secrets to Acing Organic Chemistry’ HERE: http://leah4sci.com/orgo-ebook/
In this video, I’ll walk you through the most basic and foundational concepts behind Molecular Orbital theory for both sigma and pi bonds. You’ll learn the difference in bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals through a simple analogy and also how they compare on an energy diagram to the atomic orbitals of the bonding atoms. Additionally, you’ll learn to depict molecular orbitals, both bonding and antibonding, with simple drawings.
In this video:
[0:13] Introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory
[2:29] Review of Energy Diagram of H2 Gas
[6:04] Difference Between the Antibonding an...
published: 07 Mar 2021
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When two oxygen atoms overlap, the sigma(2p) molecular orbital is LOWER in energy than the pi(2p) orbitals. This different from Nitrogen, where it's the other way around.
O2(-1) is just like regular molecular oxygen, but the extra electron causes its bond to be unstable. Its bond order is 1.5
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Attention! This video about molecular orbitals is much better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2k61JMk71M
Alright, let's be real. Nobody understands molecular...
Attention! This video about molecular orbitals is much better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2k61JMk71M
Alright, let's be real. Nobody understands molecular orbitals when they first take chemistry. You just pretend you do, and then in your next course you learn them a little better. And then a little better than that. And five years later you sort of understand them. So don't get discouraged! Just watch this for a head start and do your best.
Watch the whole General Chemistry playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Study for the AP Chemistry exam with me: https://bit.ly/ProfDaveAPChem
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Attention! This video about molecular orbitals is much better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2k61JMk71M
Alright, let's be real. Nobody understands molecular orbitals when they first take chemistry. You just pretend you do, and then in your next course you learn them a little better. And then a little better than that. And five years later you sort of understand them. So don't get discouraged! Just watch this for a head start and do your best.
Watch the whole General Chemistry playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Study for the AP Chemistry exam with me: https://bit.ly/ProfDaveAPChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
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Check out "Is This Wi-Fi Organic?", my book on disarming pseudoscience!
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This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into molecular orbital theory. It describes the formation of bonding and antibonding molecular orbi...
This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into molecular orbital theory. It describes the formation of bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals from the combination of atomic orbitals. It explains how to calculate the bond order of homonuclear diatomic molecule as well as heteronuclear diatomic molecules. It also contains examples and practice problems of homonuclear and heteronuclear molecular ions.
Access The Full 1 Hour Video:
https://www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor
Direct Link to The Full Video:
https://bit.ly/3VY2Mpv
Chemistry PDF Worksheets:
https://www.video-tutor.net/chemistry-basic-introduction.html
_________________________________
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Chemistry 1 Final Exam Review:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yw1YH7YA7c
This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into molecular orbital theory. It describes the formation of bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals from the combination of atomic orbitals. It explains how to calculate the bond order of homonuclear diatomic molecule as well as heteronuclear diatomic molecules. It also contains examples and practice problems of homonuclear and heteronuclear molecular ions.
Access The Full 1 Hour Video:
https://www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor
Direct Link to The Full Video:
https://bit.ly/3VY2Mpv
Chemistry PDF Worksheets:
https://www.video-tutor.net/chemistry-basic-introduction.html
_________________________________
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MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2014
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/5-111F14
Instructor: Catherine Drennan
Why do some atoms read...
MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2014
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/5-111F14
Instructor: Catherine Drennan
Why do some atoms readily form bonds with each other and other atoms don’t? Using molecular orbital theory, we can rationalize why molecular hydrogen is an abundant molecule whereas molecular helium is not. If you want to power your starship with dilithium crystals, you should watch this lecture.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2014
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/5-111F14
Instructor: Catherine Drennan
Why do some atoms readily form bonds with each other and other atoms don’t? Using molecular orbital theory, we can rationalize why molecular hydrogen is an abundant molecule whereas molecular helium is not. If you want to power your starship with dilithium crystals, you should watch this lecture.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
Chad provides a comprehensive lesson on Molecular Orbital Theory. The lesson begins by showing how overlap of atomic orbitals results in both bonding and antib...
Chad provides a comprehensive lesson on Molecular Orbital Theory. The lesson begins by showing how overlap of atomic orbitals results in both bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals. Constructive overlap between atomic orbitals results in a lower energy, bonding molecular orbital, while destructive overlap between atomic orbitals results in a higher energy, antibonding molecular orbital. The Molecular Orbital diagrams of H2 and He2 are both presented and used to explain why H2 exists and He2 does not. It is also shown how to calculate bond order from a molecular orbital diagram (formula) and how for many species this is consistent with the number of bonds in the Lewis structure.
The Molecular Orbital diagrams for homonuclear diatomic molecules of the second period are then presented. The Molecular Orbital diagrams of O2, F2, and Ne2 are presented and the corresponding bond orders calculated. Paramagnetic and diamagnetic are defined and it is shown that a species is paramagnetic if it has unpaired electrons and diamagnetic if all of its electrons are paired. The MO diagrams are then used to explain why Ne2 does not exist (bond order = 0) and why O2 is paramagnetic, something that wouldn't be predicted by the Lewis structure. The MO diagram for N2 is then presented and it is shown that the energies of the sigma 2p and pi 2p molecular orbitals are inverted due to sp mixing in the MO diagram for Li2, Be2, B2, C2, and N2. The bond order for N2 is calculated (it equals 3) which corresponds nicely with the triple bond present in the Lewis structure.
I've embedded this playlist as a course on my website with all the lessons organized by chapter in a collapsible menu and much of the content from the study guide included on the page. Check this lesson out at https://www.chadsprep.com/chads-general-chemistry-videos/molecular-orbital-theory-made-easy/
If you want all my study guides, quizzes, final exam reviews, and practice exams, check out my General Chemistry Master Course (free trial available) at https://www.chadsprep.com/genchem-youtube
00:00 Lesson Introduction
01:09 Constructive & Destructive Overlap
05:26 Sigma 1s & 1s*
14:30 Sigma 2p & 2p*
19:58 Pi 2p & 2p*
24:34 Molecular Orbital Diagram for H2
26:29 Molecular Orbital Diagram for He2
27:17 How to Calculate Bond Order from Molecular Orbital Diagram
30:58 Molecular Orbital Diagram for O2, F2, Ne2
35:22 Paramagnetic vs Diamagnetic
39:54 Molecular Orbital Diagram for N2
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Chad provides a comprehensive lesson on Molecular Orbital Theory. The lesson begins by showing how overlap of atomic orbitals results in both bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals. Constructive overlap between atomic orbitals results in a lower energy, bonding molecular orbital, while destructive overlap between atomic orbitals results in a higher energy, antibonding molecular orbital. The Molecular Orbital diagrams of H2 and He2 are both presented and used to explain why H2 exists and He2 does not. It is also shown how to calculate bond order from a molecular orbital diagram (formula) and how for many species this is consistent with the number of bonds in the Lewis structure.
The Molecular Orbital diagrams for homonuclear diatomic molecules of the second period are then presented. The Molecular Orbital diagrams of O2, F2, and Ne2 are presented and the corresponding bond orders calculated. Paramagnetic and diamagnetic are defined and it is shown that a species is paramagnetic if it has unpaired electrons and diamagnetic if all of its electrons are paired. The MO diagrams are then used to explain why Ne2 does not exist (bond order = 0) and why O2 is paramagnetic, something that wouldn't be predicted by the Lewis structure. The MO diagram for N2 is then presented and it is shown that the energies of the sigma 2p and pi 2p molecular orbitals are inverted due to sp mixing in the MO diagram for Li2, Be2, B2, C2, and N2. The bond order for N2 is calculated (it equals 3) which corresponds nicely with the triple bond present in the Lewis structure.
I've embedded this playlist as a course on my website with all the lessons organized by chapter in a collapsible menu and much of the content from the study guide included on the page. Check this lesson out at https://www.chadsprep.com/chads-general-chemistry-videos/molecular-orbital-theory-made-easy/
If you want all my study guides, quizzes, final exam reviews, and practice exams, check out my General Chemistry Master Course (free trial available) at https://www.chadsprep.com/genchem-youtube
00:00 Lesson Introduction
01:09 Constructive & Destructive Overlap
05:26 Sigma 1s & 1s*
14:30 Sigma 2p & 2p*
19:58 Pi 2p & 2p*
24:34 Molecular Orbital Diagram for H2
26:29 Molecular Orbital Diagram for He2
27:17 How to Calculate Bond Order from Molecular Orbital Diagram
30:58 Molecular Orbital Diagram for O2, F2, Ne2
35:22 Paramagnetic vs Diamagnetic
39:54 Molecular Orbital Diagram for N2
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In this example problem, we show how to fill a molecular orbital diagram for a diatomic molecule and use molecular bond theory to compare bond order, bond stren...
In this example problem, we show how to fill a molecular orbital diagram for a diatomic molecule and use molecular bond theory to compare bond order, bond strength, and magnetic properties (paramagnetic or diamagnetic).
Use molecular orbital theory to determine:
a.) the bond order of N2
b.) whether N2 is paramagnetic or diamagnetic
c.) order of increasing bond strength for N2, N22-, N2+
In this example problem, we show how to fill a molecular orbital diagram for a diatomic molecule and use molecular bond theory to compare bond order, bond strength, and magnetic properties (paramagnetic or diamagnetic).
Use molecular orbital theory to determine:
a.) the bond order of N2
b.) whether N2 is paramagnetic or diamagnetic
c.) order of increasing bond strength for N2, N22-, N2+
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http://Leah4sci.com/MOtheory presents: Molecular Orbital Theory for Sigma and Pi Bonds
Need help with Orgo? Download my free guide ’10 Secrets to Acing Organic...
http://Leah4sci.com/MOtheory presents: Molecular Orbital Theory for Sigma and Pi Bonds
Need help with Orgo? Download my free guide ’10 Secrets to Acing Organic Chemistry’ HERE: http://leah4sci.com/orgo-ebook/
In this video, I’ll walk you through the most basic and foundational concepts behind Molecular Orbital theory for both sigma and pi bonds. You’ll learn the difference in bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals through a simple analogy and also how they compare on an energy diagram to the atomic orbitals of the bonding atoms. Additionally, you’ll learn to depict molecular orbitals, both bonding and antibonding, with simple drawings.
In this video:
[0:13] Introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory
[2:29] Review of Energy Diagram of H2 Gas
[6:04] Difference Between the Antibonding and Bonding MO
[7:10] Molecular Orbitals for Pi Bonds
Links & Resources Mentioned In This Video:
Organic Chemistry Basics http://Leah4sci.com/OrgoBasics
Resonance Structures in Organic Chemistry http://Leah4sci.com/Resonance
Molecular Orbital Theory http://Leah4sci.com/MOtheory
This is part of the Molecular Orbital Theory Mini Series. Catch the entire MO Theory Video Series on my website at http://leah4sci.com/MOtheory
Follow along with your semester by using my Orgo Syllabus Companion: http://leah4sci.com/syllabus
For more in-depth review including practice problems and explanations, come join my online membership site the organic chemistry study hall: http://leah4sci.com/join
For private online tutoring visit my website: http://leah4sci.com/organic-chemistry
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http://Leah4sci.com/MOtheory presents: Molecular Orbital Theory for Sigma and Pi Bonds
Need help with Orgo? Download my free guide ’10 Secrets to Acing Organic Chemistry’ HERE: http://leah4sci.com/orgo-ebook/
In this video, I’ll walk you through the most basic and foundational concepts behind Molecular Orbital theory for both sigma and pi bonds. You’ll learn the difference in bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals through a simple analogy and also how they compare on an energy diagram to the atomic orbitals of the bonding atoms. Additionally, you’ll learn to depict molecular orbitals, both bonding and antibonding, with simple drawings.
In this video:
[0:13] Introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory
[2:29] Review of Energy Diagram of H2 Gas
[6:04] Difference Between the Antibonding and Bonding MO
[7:10] Molecular Orbitals for Pi Bonds
Links & Resources Mentioned In This Video:
Organic Chemistry Basics http://Leah4sci.com/OrgoBasics
Resonance Structures in Organic Chemistry http://Leah4sci.com/Resonance
Molecular Orbital Theory http://Leah4sci.com/MOtheory
This is part of the Molecular Orbital Theory Mini Series. Catch the entire MO Theory Video Series on my website at http://leah4sci.com/MOtheory
Follow along with your semester by using my Orgo Syllabus Companion: http://leah4sci.com/syllabus
For more in-depth review including practice problems and explanations, come join my online membership site the organic chemistry study hall: http://leah4sci.com/join
For private online tutoring visit my website: http://leah4sci.com/organic-chemistry
For questions and comments, find me on social media here:
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👉 Chemical Bonding: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW22kc-ywwqY70FcCf2qObRz_
👉 GOC: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW22nkmvTnMO4y-5fu-kFyIOx
👉 Main Group Elements: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW22h5DKotqt9Vkoyy5938DMr
👉 Molecular Orbital Theory: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW23WX31mHbmyi2vOvNGKZM-O
👉 Organic Spectroscopy: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW21HIKg00wd36u8HMjiHnA12
👉 Group Theory: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW20yOOMkzYlK3hvJWHD6T-oq
👉 Stereochemistry: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW207gZEnl9__pg2R9NbnGvJf
👉 Reagents and Name Reaction: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW233hnUC42MCJjOFuX4_LTWv
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Welcome to VedPrep Chem Academy.
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Our achievements include securing the top 10 AIRs, and producing 11000+ selections from all over India. We as a YouTube channel work promisingly to deliver Chemistry in an all-around manner and increase its outstretch. Keeping in mind the needs and strengths of each and every student we include;
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✔️ Memory based question solutions
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✔️ Informative videos
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✔️ Talk with toppers & more.
✔️ Live sessions through our channel.
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📚 𝗕𝘂𝘆 𝗡𝗼𝘄 𝗜𝗜𝗧 𝗝𝗔𝗠 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘆 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗦𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗕𝗼𝗼𝗸𝘀: https://bit.ly/478BwtX
📌 Don't forget to check out our Popular playlists:
👉 Coordination Chemistry: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW22HTEHF8-rqOyXD-fNB7OKD
👉 Thermodynamics: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW23oeoAOEkn9uw5rJm29Alm0
👉 Chemical Bonding: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW22kc-ywwqY70FcCf2qObRz_
👉 GOC: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW22nkmvTnMO4y-5fu-kFyIOx
👉 Main Group Elements: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW22h5DKotqt9Vkoyy5938DMr
👉 Molecular Orbital Theory: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW23WX31mHbmyi2vOvNGKZM-O
👉 Organic Spectroscopy: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW21HIKg00wd36u8HMjiHnA12
👉 Group Theory: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW20yOOMkzYlK3hvJWHD6T-oq
👉 Stereochemistry: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW207gZEnl9__pg2R9NbnGvJf
👉 Reagents and Name Reaction: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLdZcCa6mtW233hnUC42MCJjOFuX4_LTWv
✿ Check out our freshly curated previous year question papers for IIT JAM, CSIR NET, and GATE 👉 https://www.vedprep.com/pyq/
➤ About VedPrep Chem Academy:
Welcome to VedPrep Chem Academy.
‘Chem Academy’, a leading Education provider under ‘VedPrep’’ since 2011, delivers excellence in the arena of Chemistry. Our proficiency lies in the preparation M.Sc level entrance exams like CSIR NET, GATE, IIT JAM, TIFR, DU M.Sc, JNU, BHU, UPSC CS, Geo Chemist, IFS, State PSC & all Chemistry-oriented exams.
Our achievements include securing the top 10 AIRs, and producing 11000+ selections from all over India. We as a YouTube channel work promisingly to deliver Chemistry in an all-around manner and increase its outstretch. Keeping in mind the needs and strengths of each and every student we include;
✔️ High-value academy content
✔️ Interactive LIVE and recorded lectures covering chemistry coursework
✔️ Memory based question solutions
✔️ Subject marathons
✔️ Exam paper analysis
✔️ Previous year questions with solutions
✔️ Generic video
✔️ Informative videos
✔️ Motivational sessions
✔️ Career counseling sessions for chemistry CSIR NET, IIT JAM, GATE
✔️ Talk with toppers & more.
✔️ Live sessions through our channel.
This is just a glimpse of our exceptional journey on YouTube so far, with your love and support we will continue to shine in the future.
‘Solution to all your Chemistry hassles, unrivaled Chem Academy’.
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When two oxygen atoms overlap, the sigma(2p) molecular orbital is LOWER in energy than the pi(2p) orbitals. This different from Nitrogen, where it's the other w...
When two oxygen atoms overlap, the sigma(2p) molecular orbital is LOWER in energy than the pi(2p) orbitals. This different from Nitrogen, where it's the other way around.
O2(-1) is just like regular molecular oxygen, but the extra electron causes its bond to be unstable. Its bond order is 1.5
Check me out: http://www.chemistnate.com
When two oxygen atoms overlap, the sigma(2p) molecular orbital is LOWER in energy than the pi(2p) orbitals. This different from Nitrogen, where it's the other way around.
O2(-1) is just like regular molecular oxygen, but the extra electron causes its bond to be unstable. Its bond order is 1.5
Check me out: http://www.chemistnate.com
This organic chemistry video tutorial explains how to calculate the bond order of a regular bond and a bond that's part of a resonance structure.
Organic Chemistry - Basic Introduction: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_ketdzJtY8
Bond Strength and Bond Length:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSRY95IAwF8
Orbital Overlap and Bond Length:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BatJrR5sblA
Steric Number and Hybridization:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WWssBFhSHU
Dipole Moment & Percent Ionic Character:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1GgVwqiufE
Intermolecular Forces & Hydrogen Bonds:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSRa9P-xJl0
_______________________________
Resonance Structures:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqsOIp5UuME
Curve Arrow Notation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U...
published: 11 Feb 2023
CHEMISTRY 101: Molecular Orbital Theory, Bond order, bond strength, magnetic properties
In this example problem, we show how to fill a molecular orbital diagram for a diatomic molecule and use molecular bond theory to compare bond order, bond strength, and magnetic properties (paramagnetic or diamagnetic).
Use molecular orbital theory to determine:
a.) the bond order of N2
b.) whether N2 is paramagnetic or diamagnetic
c.) order of increasing bond strength for N2, N22-, N2+
published: 07 Nov 2015
Molecular Orbital Theory - Bonding & Antibonding MO - Bond Order
This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into molecular orbital theory. It describes the formation of bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals from the combination of atomic orbitals. It explains how to calculate the bond order of homonuclear diatomic molecule as well as heteronuclear diatomic molecules. It also contains examples and practice problems of homonuclear and heteronuclear molecular ions.
Access The Full 1 Hour Video:
https://www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor
Direct Link to The Full Video:
https://bit.ly/3VY2Mpv
Chemistry PDF Worksheets:
https://www.video-tutor.net/chemistry-basic-introduction.html
_________________________________
Access The Full Video on YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdobdIhf_dU
...
published: 28 Dec 2020
How to Calculate Bond Order From Lewis Structures Examples, Practice Problems, Explained, Shortcut
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In this video, we'll go over how to calculate the bond order between two atoms when you have the lewis structure. We'll start with the rules and then go over several example and practice problems together.
published: 11 Aug 2020
How to Calculate Bond Order? Easy Trick
This lecture is about how to calculate bond order in chemistry. I will teach you the super easy trick of calculating bond order easily with many examples and exam questions. Also, you will learn finding bond order in exam by using this trick.
To learn more, watch this lecture till the end.
#howtofindbondorder
#calculatebondorder
#trick
#chemistry
#najamacademy
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published: 27 Jan 2022
Drawing Molecular Orbital Diagrams
published: 16 Aug 2017
Bond order, Bond Length and Bond Strength
Bond order is 1,2,3 for single,double,triple bonds.
It can be a fraction if there are resonance structures.
Higher Bond Order means shorter, stronger bonds.
Examples here include CO, CO2, CH3OH, CH3COOH, CH3COO(-), ClO(-), ClO2(-), ClO3(-) and ClO4(-).
published: 05 Dec 2017
Bond Order for CO (Carbon monoxide)
There are several ways to find the bond order for CO (Carbon monoxide). In this video we'll draw the Lewis Structure for CO and then use this to determine the bond order.
In general, the higher the Bond Order, the:
• shorter the bond length
• stronger the bond
• more stable the molecule
Using the Lewis Structure works well for simple molecules. You can also use Molecular Orbitals to find bond order. For CO you get the same answer with both approaches.
This video provides an explanation of this approach using molecular orbitals: https://youtu.be/boizUW6lgxg
published: 20 Mar 2020
Valence Bond Theory, Hybrid Orbitals, and Molecular Orbital Theory
Attention! This video about molecular orbitals is much better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2k61JMk71M
Alright, let's be real. Nobody understands molecular orbitals when they first take chemistry. You just pretend you do, and then in your next course you learn them a little better. And then a little better than that. And five years later you sort of understand them. So don't get discouraged! Just watch this for a head start and do your best.
Watch the whole General Chemistry playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Study for the AP Chemistry exam with me: https://bit.ly/ProfDaveAPChem
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Biochemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem
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published: 10 Jan 2016
How to Calculate Bond Order from Molecular Orbital (MO) Diagram Examples & Practice Problems
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In this video, we'll go over how to calculate the bond order when given molecular orbital diagrams. We'll start with the rules and then go over several example and practice problems together.
This organic chemistry video tutorial explains how to calculate the bond order of a regular bond and a bond that's part of a resonance structure.
Organic Chemi...
This organic chemistry video tutorial explains how to calculate the bond order of a regular bond and a bond that's part of a resonance structure.
Organic Chemistry - Basic Introduction: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_ketdzJtY8
Bond Strength and Bond Length:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSRY95IAwF8
Orbital Overlap and Bond Length:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BatJrR5sblA
Steric Number and Hybridization:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WWssBFhSHU
Dipole Moment & Percent Ionic Character:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1GgVwqiufE
Intermolecular Forces & Hydrogen Bonds:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSRa9P-xJl0
_______________________________
Resonance Structures:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqsOIp5UuME
Curve Arrow Notation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVpizSVIBX0
The Major Resonance Contributor:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klAT2MACt4Q
pKa, Ka, & Acid Strength:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQ6gHQAg_Nk
Acids and Bases - Basic Intro:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owVZiKnnPME
_______________________________
Stability of Negative Charges:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbW3Ia2EDaE
pKa Values of Acids:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7flgA0n_tc
Resonance Stabilization - Conjugate Bases:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAjy2WMkPHc
Organic Chemistry PDF Worksheets:
https://www.video-tutor.net/orgo-chem.html
Organic Chemistry Exam 1 Playlist:
https://bit.ly/3kJnNXU
Full-Length Videos and Worksheets:
https://www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor/collections
This organic chemistry video tutorial explains how to calculate the bond order of a regular bond and a bond that's part of a resonance structure.
Organic Chemistry - Basic Introduction: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_ketdzJtY8
Bond Strength and Bond Length:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSRY95IAwF8
Orbital Overlap and Bond Length:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BatJrR5sblA
Steric Number and Hybridization:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WWssBFhSHU
Dipole Moment & Percent Ionic Character:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1GgVwqiufE
Intermolecular Forces & Hydrogen Bonds:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSRa9P-xJl0
_______________________________
Resonance Structures:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqsOIp5UuME
Curve Arrow Notation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVpizSVIBX0
The Major Resonance Contributor:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klAT2MACt4Q
pKa, Ka, & Acid Strength:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQ6gHQAg_Nk
Acids and Bases - Basic Intro:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owVZiKnnPME
_______________________________
Stability of Negative Charges:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbW3Ia2EDaE
pKa Values of Acids:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7flgA0n_tc
Resonance Stabilization - Conjugate Bases:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAjy2WMkPHc
Organic Chemistry PDF Worksheets:
https://www.video-tutor.net/orgo-chem.html
Organic Chemistry Exam 1 Playlist:
https://bit.ly/3kJnNXU
Full-Length Videos and Worksheets:
https://www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor/collections
In this example problem, we show how to fill a molecular orbital diagram for a diatomic molecule and use molecular bond theory to compare bond order, bond stren...
In this example problem, we show how to fill a molecular orbital diagram for a diatomic molecule and use molecular bond theory to compare bond order, bond strength, and magnetic properties (paramagnetic or diamagnetic).
Use molecular orbital theory to determine:
a.) the bond order of N2
b.) whether N2 is paramagnetic or diamagnetic
c.) order of increasing bond strength for N2, N22-, N2+
In this example problem, we show how to fill a molecular orbital diagram for a diatomic molecule and use molecular bond theory to compare bond order, bond strength, and magnetic properties (paramagnetic or diamagnetic).
Use molecular orbital theory to determine:
a.) the bond order of N2
b.) whether N2 is paramagnetic or diamagnetic
c.) order of increasing bond strength for N2, N22-, N2+
This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into molecular orbital theory. It describes the formation of bonding and antibonding molecular orbi...
This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into molecular orbital theory. It describes the formation of bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals from the combination of atomic orbitals. It explains how to calculate the bond order of homonuclear diatomic molecule as well as heteronuclear diatomic molecules. It also contains examples and practice problems of homonuclear and heteronuclear molecular ions.
Access The Full 1 Hour Video:
https://www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor
Direct Link to The Full Video:
https://bit.ly/3VY2Mpv
Chemistry PDF Worksheets:
https://www.video-tutor.net/chemistry-basic-introduction.html
_________________________________
Access The Full Video on YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdobdIhf_dU
Join The YouTube Membership Program:
https://bit.ly/46xaQTR
Chemistry 1 Final Exam Review:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yw1YH7YA7c
This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into molecular orbital theory. It describes the formation of bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals from the combination of atomic orbitals. It explains how to calculate the bond order of homonuclear diatomic molecule as well as heteronuclear diatomic molecules. It also contains examples and practice problems of homonuclear and heteronuclear molecular ions.
Access The Full 1 Hour Video:
https://www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor
Direct Link to The Full Video:
https://bit.ly/3VY2Mpv
Chemistry PDF Worksheets:
https://www.video-tutor.net/chemistry-basic-introduction.html
_________________________________
Access The Full Video on YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdobdIhf_dU
Join The YouTube Membership Program:
https://bit.ly/46xaQTR
Chemistry 1 Final Exam Review:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yw1YH7YA7c
🎯 Want to ace chemistry? Access the best chemistry resource at http://www.conquerchemistry.com/masterclass
📗 Need help with chemistry? Download 12 Secrets to A...
🎯 Want to ace chemistry? Access the best chemistry resource at http://www.conquerchemistry.com/masterclass
📗 Need help with chemistry? Download 12 Secrets to Acing Chemistry at http://conquerchemistry.com/chem-secrets/
💯 If you like my teaching style and are interested in tutoring, go to http://www.conquerchemistry.com/online-tutoring/
📝 Access my chemistry notes, cheat sheets, and study guides
https://conquerchemistry.com/store/
👉 Support me on Patreon 👈
patreon.com/conquerchemistry
💻 Check out my highly recommended chemistry resources
https://kit.co/ConquerChemistry
In this video, we'll go over how to calculate the bond order between two atoms when you have the lewis structure. We'll start with the rules and then go over several example and practice problems together.
🎯 Want to ace chemistry? Access the best chemistry resource at http://www.conquerchemistry.com/masterclass
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In this video, we'll go over how to calculate the bond order between two atoms when you have the lewis structure. We'll start with the rules and then go over several example and practice problems together.
This lecture is about how to calculate bond order in chemistry. I will teach you the super easy trick of calculating bond order easily with many examples and ex...
This lecture is about how to calculate bond order in chemistry. I will teach you the super easy trick of calculating bond order easily with many examples and exam questions. Also, you will learn finding bond order in exam by using this trick.
To learn more, watch this lecture till the end.
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This lecture is about how to calculate bond order in chemistry. I will teach you the super easy trick of calculating bond order easily with many examples and exam questions. Also, you will learn finding bond order in exam by using this trick.
To learn more, watch this lecture till the end.
#howtofindbondorder
#calculatebondorder
#trick
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Bond order is 1,2,3 for single,double,triple bonds.
It can be a fraction if there are resonance structures.
Higher Bond Order means shorter, stronger bonds.
Exa...
Bond order is 1,2,3 for single,double,triple bonds.
It can be a fraction if there are resonance structures.
Higher Bond Order means shorter, stronger bonds.
Examples here include CO, CO2, CH3OH, CH3COOH, CH3COO(-), ClO(-), ClO2(-), ClO3(-) and ClO4(-).
Bond order is 1,2,3 for single,double,triple bonds.
It can be a fraction if there are resonance structures.
Higher Bond Order means shorter, stronger bonds.
Examples here include CO, CO2, CH3OH, CH3COOH, CH3COO(-), ClO(-), ClO2(-), ClO3(-) and ClO4(-).
There are several ways to find the bond order for CO (Carbon monoxide). In this video we'll draw the Lewis Structure for CO and then use this to determine the b...
There are several ways to find the bond order for CO (Carbon monoxide). In this video we'll draw the Lewis Structure for CO and then use this to determine the bond order.
In general, the higher the Bond Order, the:
• shorter the bond length
• stronger the bond
• more stable the molecule
Using the Lewis Structure works well for simple molecules. You can also use Molecular Orbitals to find bond order. For CO you get the same answer with both approaches.
This video provides an explanation of this approach using molecular orbitals: https://youtu.be/boizUW6lgxg
There are several ways to find the bond order for CO (Carbon monoxide). In this video we'll draw the Lewis Structure for CO and then use this to determine the bond order.
In general, the higher the Bond Order, the:
• shorter the bond length
• stronger the bond
• more stable the molecule
Using the Lewis Structure works well for simple molecules. You can also use Molecular Orbitals to find bond order. For CO you get the same answer with both approaches.
This video provides an explanation of this approach using molecular orbitals: https://youtu.be/boizUW6lgxg
Attention! This video about molecular orbitals is much better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2k61JMk71M
Alright, let's be real. Nobody understands molecular...
Attention! This video about molecular orbitals is much better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2k61JMk71M
Alright, let's be real. Nobody understands molecular orbitals when they first take chemistry. You just pretend you do, and then in your next course you learn them a little better. And then a little better than that. And five years later you sort of understand them. So don't get discouraged! Just watch this for a head start and do your best.
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Attention! This video about molecular orbitals is much better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2k61JMk71M
Alright, let's be real. Nobody understands molecular orbitals when they first take chemistry. You just pretend you do, and then in your next course you learn them a little better. And then a little better than that. And five years later you sort of understand them. So don't get discouraged! Just watch this for a head start and do your best.
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In this video, we'll go over how to calculate the bond order when given molecular orbital diagrams. We'll start with the rules and then go over several example and practice problems together.
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In this video, we'll go over how to calculate the bond order when given molecular orbital diagrams. We'll start with the rules and then go over several example and practice problems together.
Attention! This video about molecular orbitals is much better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2k61JMk71M
Alright, let's be real. Nobody understands molecular orbitals when they first take chemistry. You just pretend you do, and then in your next course you learn them a little better. And then a little better than that. And five years later you sort of understand them. So don't get discouraged! Just watch this for a head start and do your best.
Watch the whole General Chemistry playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
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This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into molecular orbital theory. It describes the formation of bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals from the combination of atomic orbitals. It explains how to calculate the bond order of homonuclear diatomic molecule as well as heteronuclear diatomic molecules. It also contains examples and practice problems of homonuclear and heteronuclear molecular ions.
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MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2014
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/5-111F14
Instructor: Catherine Drennan
Why do some atoms readily form bonds with each other and other atoms don’t? Using molecular orbital theory, we can rationalize why molecular hydrogen is an abundant molecule whereas molecular helium is not. If you want to power your starship with dilithium crystals, you should watch this lecture.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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Chad provides a comprehensive lesson on Molecular Orbital Theory. The lesson begins by showing how overlap of atomic orbitals results in both bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals. Constructive overlap between atomic orbitals results in a lower energy, bonding molecular orbital, while destructive overlap between atomic orbitals results in a higher energy, antibonding molecular orbital. The Molecular Orbital diagrams of H2 and He2 are both presented and used to explain why H2 exists and He2 does not. It is also shown how to calculate bond order from a molecular orbital diagram (formula) and how for many species this is consistent with the number of bonds in the Lewis structure.
The Molecular Orbital diagrams for homonuclear diatomic molecules of the second period are then presented. The Molecular Orbital diagrams of O2, F2, and Ne2 are presented and the corresponding bond orders calculated. Paramagnetic and diamagnetic are defined and it is shown that a species is paramagnetic if it has unpaired electrons and diamagnetic if all of its electrons are paired. The MO diagrams are then used to explain why Ne2 does not exist (bond order = 0) and why O2 is paramagnetic, something that wouldn't be predicted by the Lewis structure. The MO diagram for N2 is then presented and it is shown that the energies of the sigma 2p and pi 2p molecular orbitals are inverted due to sp mixing in the MO diagram for Li2, Be2, B2, C2, and N2. The bond order for N2 is calculated (it equals 3) which corresponds nicely with the triple bond present in the Lewis structure.
I've embedded this playlist as a course on my website with all the lessons organized by chapter in a collapsible menu and much of the content from the study guide included on the page. Check this lesson out at https://www.chadsprep.com/chads-general-chemistry-videos/molecular-orbital-theory-made-easy/
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00:00 Lesson Introduction
01:09 Constructive & Destructive Overlap
05:26 Sigma 1s & 1s*
14:30 Sigma 2p & 2p*
19:58 Pi 2p & 2p*
24:34 Molecular Orbital Diagram for H2
26:29 Molecular Orbital Diagram for He2
27:17 How to Calculate Bond Order from Molecular Orbital Diagram
30:58 Molecular Orbital Diagram for O2, F2, Ne2
35:22 Paramagnetic vs Diamagnetic
39:54 Molecular Orbital Diagram for N2
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In this example problem, we show how to fill a molecular orbital diagram for a diatomic molecule and use molecular bond theory to compare bond order, bond strength, and magnetic properties (paramagnetic or diamagnetic).
Use molecular orbital theory to determine:
a.) the bond order of N2
b.) whether N2 is paramagnetic or diamagnetic
c.) order of increasing bond strength for N2, N22-, N2+
http://Leah4sci.com/MOtheory presents: Molecular Orbital Theory for Sigma and Pi Bonds
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In this video, I’ll walk you through the most basic and foundational concepts behind Molecular Orbital theory for both sigma and pi bonds. You’ll learn the difference in bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals through a simple analogy and also how they compare on an energy diagram to the atomic orbitals of the bonding atoms. Additionally, you’ll learn to depict molecular orbitals, both bonding and antibonding, with simple drawings.
In this video:
[0:13] Introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory
[2:29] Review of Energy Diagram of H2 Gas
[6:04] Difference Between the Antibonding and Bonding MO
[7:10] Molecular Orbitals for Pi Bonds
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Organic Chemistry Basics http://Leah4sci.com/OrgoBasics
Resonance Structures in Organic Chemistry http://Leah4sci.com/Resonance
Molecular Orbital Theory http://Leah4sci.com/MOtheory
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When two oxygen atoms overlap, the sigma(2p) molecular orbital is LOWER in energy than the pi(2p) orbitals. This different from Nitrogen, where it's the other way around.
O2(-1) is just like regular molecular oxygen, but the extra electron causes its bond to be unstable. Its bond order is 1.5
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In chemistry, molecular orbital (MO) theory is a method for determining molecular structure in which electrons are not assigned to individual bonds between atoms, but are treated as moving under the influence of the nuclei in the whole molecule. The spatial and energetic properties of electrons within atoms are fixed by quantum mechanics to form orbitals that contain these electrons. While atomic orbitals contain electrons ascribed to a single atom, molecular orbitals, which surround a number of atoms in a molecule, contain valence electrons between atoms. Molecular orbital theory, which was proposed in the early twentieth century, revolutionized the study of bonding by approximating the positions of bonded electrons—the molecular orbitals—as Linear Combinations of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO). These approximations are now made by applying the Density Functional Theory (DFT) or Hartree–Fock (HF) models to the Schrödinger equation.
Quantitative applications
In this theory, each molecule has a set of molecular orbitals, in which it is assumed that the molecular orbital wave functionψj can be written as a simple weighted sum of the n constituent atomic orbitalsχi, according to the following equation:
This organic chemistry video tutorial explains how to calculate the bond order of a regular bond and a bond that's part of a resonance structure.
Organic Chemistry - Basic Introduction: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_ketdzJtY8
Bond Strength and Bond Length:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSRY95IAwF8
Orbital Overlap and Bond Length:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BatJrR5sblA
Steric Number and Hybridization:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WWssBFhSHU
Dipole Moment & Percent Ionic Character:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1GgVwqiufE
Intermolecular Forces & Hydrogen Bonds:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSRa9P-xJl0
_______________________________
Resonance Structures:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqsOIp5UuME
Curve Arrow Notation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVpizSVIBX0
The Major Resonance Contributor:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klAT2MACt4Q
pKa, Ka, & Acid Strength:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQ6gHQAg_Nk
Acids and Bases - Basic Intro:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owVZiKnnPME
_______________________________
Stability of Negative Charges:
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pKa Values of Acids:
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In this example problem, we show how to fill a molecular orbital diagram for a diatomic molecule and use molecular bond theory to compare bond order, bond strength, and magnetic properties (paramagnetic or diamagnetic).
Use molecular orbital theory to determine:
a.) the bond order of N2
b.) whether N2 is paramagnetic or diamagnetic
c.) order of increasing bond strength for N2, N22-, N2+
This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into molecular orbital theory. It describes the formation of bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals from the combination of atomic orbitals. It explains how to calculate the bond order of homonuclear diatomic molecule as well as heteronuclear diatomic molecules. It also contains examples and practice problems of homonuclear and heteronuclear molecular ions.
Access The Full 1 Hour Video:
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In this video, we'll go over how to calculate the bond order between two atoms when you have the lewis structure. We'll start with the rules and then go over several example and practice problems together.
This lecture is about how to calculate bond order in chemistry. I will teach you the super easy trick of calculating bond order easily with many examples and exam questions. Also, you will learn finding bond order in exam by using this trick.
To learn more, watch this lecture till the end.
#howtofindbondorder
#calculatebondorder
#trick
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Bond order is 1,2,3 for single,double,triple bonds.
It can be a fraction if there are resonance structures.
Higher Bond Order means shorter, stronger bonds.
Examples here include CO, CO2, CH3OH, CH3COOH, CH3COO(-), ClO(-), ClO2(-), ClO3(-) and ClO4(-).
There are several ways to find the bond order for CO (Carbon monoxide). In this video we'll draw the Lewis Structure for CO and then use this to determine the bond order.
In general, the higher the Bond Order, the:
• shorter the bond length
• stronger the bond
• more stable the molecule
Using the Lewis Structure works well for simple molecules. You can also use Molecular Orbitals to find bond order. For CO you get the same answer with both approaches.
This video provides an explanation of this approach using molecular orbitals: https://youtu.be/boizUW6lgxg
Attention! This video about molecular orbitals is much better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2k61JMk71M
Alright, let's be real. Nobody understands molecular orbitals when they first take chemistry. You just pretend you do, and then in your next course you learn them a little better. And then a little better than that. And five years later you sort of understand them. So don't get discouraged! Just watch this for a head start and do your best.
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In this video, we'll go over how to calculate the bond order when given molecular orbital diagrams. We'll start with the rules and then go over several example and practice problems together.