-
Valence Bond Theory & Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
This organic chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into valence bond theory and hybrid atomic orbitals. It explains how to find the hybridization of carbon atom such as sp, sp2, and sp3. it also explains how to describe the orbitals that overlap to form a covalent bond. In addition, it explains how to determine the number of sigma and pi bonds in a molecule.
Access The Full 33 Minute Video:
https://www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor
Direct Link to The Full Video:
https://bit.ly/3X1ImNI
Organic Chemistry PDF Worksheets:
https://www.video-tutor.net/orgo-chem.html
________________________________________
Join The YouTube Membership Program:
https://bit.ly/46xaQTR
Full 33 Minute Video on YouTube: ...
published: 07 Jan 2021
-
Valence Bond Theory, Hybrid Orbitals, and Molecular Orbital Theory
Attention! This video about molecular orbitals is much better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2k61JMk71M
Alright, let's be real. Nobody understands molecular orbitals when they first take chemistry. You just pretend you do, and then in your next course you learn them a little better. And then a little better than that. And five years later you sort of understand them. So don't get discouraged! Just watch this for a head start and do your best.
Watch the whole General Chemistry playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Study for the AP Chemistry exam with me: https://bit.ly/ProfDaveAPChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
Biochemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem
Biology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
Classical Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/...
published: 10 Jan 2016
-
14. Valence Bond Theory and Hybridization
MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2014
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/5-111F14
Instructor: Catherine Drennan
Valence bond theory and hybridization can be used to explain and/or predict the geometry of any atom in a molecule. In particular, the concept of hybridization is important for understanding the geometry of organic molecules.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
published: 03 Aug 2017
-
Valence Bond Theory | VBT | Chemistry
This lecture is about valence bond theory in chemistry. In this animated lecture, I will teach you the super easy concept of valence bond theory and hybridization.
Chemical Bonding Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3GBdsS--0-Rz7gFuP6pY3B3qlUr7Zox5
Q: What is valence bond theory?
Ans: Valence bond theory or commonly known as VBT explain the bond energy, bond length, orbital overlapping, shapes of molecules in covalent bond.
To learn more about valence bond theory, watch this lecture till the end.
#valencebondtheory
#VBT
#chemistryclass11
Subscribe my channel at:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_ltCdLVMRZ7r3IPzF2Toyg
Youtube link: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_ltCdLVMRZ7r3IPzF2Toyg
Facebook link: https://www.facebook.com/Najamacademy/
published: 13 Jul 2021
-
Valence Bond Theory Explained (with examples, H2, CH4)
Valence Bond Theory is the idea that ATOMIC orbitals containing unpaired electrons will OVERLAP to form covalent bonds.
Like when one Hydrogen atom (with 1 electron) combines with another hydrogen atom (also with 1 electron) for form a SINGLE bond (of two electrons) between them. We say those electrons are SHARED.
Hybridization can be used to explain molecules that seem to be exceptions to this Theory.
Check me out: http://www.chemistnate.com
published: 11 Dec 2021
-
Trick for the VBT | Valence Bond Theory | Coordination Compounds.
In this video I explained Trick for the VBT/valence bond theory/coordination compounds.
If you want to learn entire Chemistry in very short time with all clear concepts and guaranteed marks, whatsapp now @9110662880.
published: 20 Jan 2018
-
1.3 Valence Bond Theory and Hybridization | Organic Chemistry
Chad goes over Valence Bond Theory and Hybridization covering both the standard atomic orbitals as well as the hybrid orbitals that may be involved in bonding. He specifically shows the nature of sp, sp2, and sp3 hybrid orbitals and how to identify the hybridization of an atom. Finally, Chad compares and contrasts sigma bonds and pi bonds, how to recognize where each are present in a structure, and how to identify which orbitals are overlapping to create a particular bond.
If you want all my study guides, quizzes, and practice exams, check out my premium course at https://www.chadsprep.com/organic-chemistry-course-youtube
Happy Studying!
00:00 Lesson Introduction
00:31 Introduction to Valence Bond Theory and Atomic Orbitals
03:31 Sigma Overlap and Sigma Bonds
06:36 Pi Overlap and Pi B...
published: 03 Sep 2020
-
Valence Bond Theory
published: 16 Feb 2013
-
Hybrid Orbitals explained - Valence Bond Theory | Orbital Hybridization sp3 sp2 sp
This video explains the hybridization of carbon's, nitrogen's, and oxygen's valence orbitals in a bond, including single, double, and triple bonds. Explained are orbital overlap, sigma and pi bonds, and hybrid orbitals in carbon (sp³, sp², sp) using ethane, ethene, and ethyne; in nitrogen using ammonia (including lone pairs); and in oxygen using water (including lone pairs). Timings for the different hybridizations: 1:01 sp³, 5:23 sp², 8:10 sp, 10:21 ammonia, NH3; 11:15 water, H2O.
More on Hybrid Orbitals -- Wikipedia
"In chemistry, hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond th...
published: 05 May 2017
-
V B T/ Valence Bond Theory/AJT Chemistry
This video explains valence bond theory
Different types of overlapping
Sigma and Pi bond
For more video in chemistry subscribe this channel
Have you seen my other videos for SSLC, PLUS TWO ,UG AND PG Students,
Publishing the video for Competitive exams like NEET, IIT JEE, IIT JAM, NET, GATE, AND PSC/upsc exams.
published: 03 May 2021
10:39
Valence Bond Theory & Hybrid Atomic Orbitals
This organic chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into valence bond theory and hybrid atomic orbitals. It explains how to find the hybridizat...
This organic chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into valence bond theory and hybrid atomic orbitals. It explains how to find the hybridization of carbon atom such as sp, sp2, and sp3. it also explains how to describe the orbitals that overlap to form a covalent bond. In addition, it explains how to determine the number of sigma and pi bonds in a molecule.
Access The Full 33 Minute Video:
https://www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor
Direct Link to The Full Video:
https://bit.ly/3X1ImNI
Organic Chemistry PDF Worksheets:
https://www.video-tutor.net/orgo-chem.html
________________________________________
Join The YouTube Membership Program:
https://bit.ly/46xaQTR
Full 33 Minute Video on YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyHMQXBkh50
Chemistry 1 Final Exam Review:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yw1YH7YA7c
https://wn.com/Valence_Bond_Theory_Hybrid_Atomic_Orbitals
This organic chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into valence bond theory and hybrid atomic orbitals. It explains how to find the hybridization of carbon atom such as sp, sp2, and sp3. it also explains how to describe the orbitals that overlap to form a covalent bond. In addition, it explains how to determine the number of sigma and pi bonds in a molecule.
Access The Full 33 Minute Video:
https://www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor
Direct Link to The Full Video:
https://bit.ly/3X1ImNI
Organic Chemistry PDF Worksheets:
https://www.video-tutor.net/orgo-chem.html
________________________________________
Join The YouTube Membership Program:
https://bit.ly/46xaQTR
Full 33 Minute Video on YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyHMQXBkh50
Chemistry 1 Final Exam Review:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yw1YH7YA7c
- published: 07 Jan 2021
- views: 776815
7:54
Valence Bond Theory, Hybrid Orbitals, and Molecular Orbital Theory
Attention! This video about molecular orbitals is much better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2k61JMk71M
Alright, let's be real. Nobody understands molecular...
Attention! This video about molecular orbitals is much better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2k61JMk71M
Alright, let's be real. Nobody understands molecular orbitals when they first take chemistry. You just pretend you do, and then in your next course you learn them a little better. And then a little better than that. And five years later you sort of understand them. So don't get discouraged! Just watch this for a head start and do your best.
Watch the whole General Chemistry playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Study for the AP Chemistry exam with me: https://bit.ly/ProfDaveAPChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
Biochemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem
Biology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
Classical Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics1
Modern Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics2
Mathematics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveMaths
EMAIL►
[email protected]
PATREON► http://patreon.com/ProfessorDaveExplains
Check out "Is This Wi-Fi Organic?", my book on disarming pseudoscience!
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2HtNpVH
Bookshop: https://bit.ly/39cKADM
Barnes and Noble: https://bit.ly/3pUjmrn
Book Depository: http://bit.ly/3aOVDlT
https://wn.com/Valence_Bond_Theory,_Hybrid_Orbitals,_And_Molecular_Orbital_Theory
Attention! This video about molecular orbitals is much better: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2k61JMk71M
Alright, let's be real. Nobody understands molecular orbitals when they first take chemistry. You just pretend you do, and then in your next course you learn them a little better. And then a little better than that. And five years later you sort of understand them. So don't get discouraged! Just watch this for a head start and do your best.
Watch the whole General Chemistry playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Study for the AP Chemistry exam with me: https://bit.ly/ProfDaveAPChem
Organic Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveOrgChem
Biochemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBiochem
Biology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
Classical Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics1
Modern Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics2
Mathematics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveMaths
EMAIL►
[email protected]
PATREON► http://patreon.com/ProfessorDaveExplains
Check out "Is This Wi-Fi Organic?", my book on disarming pseudoscience!
Amazon: https://amzn.to/2HtNpVH
Bookshop: https://bit.ly/39cKADM
Barnes and Noble: https://bit.ly/3pUjmrn
Book Depository: http://bit.ly/3aOVDlT
- published: 10 Jan 2016
- views: 1911223
56:46
14. Valence Bond Theory and Hybridization
MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2014
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/5-111F14
Instructor: Catherine Drennan
Valence bond theory an...
MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2014
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/5-111F14
Instructor: Catherine Drennan
Valence bond theory and hybridization can be used to explain and/or predict the geometry of any atom in a molecule. In particular, the concept of hybridization is important for understanding the geometry of organic molecules.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
https://wn.com/14._Valence_Bond_Theory_And_Hybridization
MIT 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science, Fall 2014
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/5-111F14
Instructor: Catherine Drennan
Valence bond theory and hybridization can be used to explain and/or predict the geometry of any atom in a molecule. In particular, the concept of hybridization is important for understanding the geometry of organic molecules.
License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at http://ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at http://ocw.mit.edu
- published: 03 Aug 2017
- views: 127791
10:33
Valence Bond Theory | VBT | Chemistry
This lecture is about valence bond theory in chemistry. In this animated lecture, I will teach you the super easy concept of valence bond theory and hybridizati...
This lecture is about valence bond theory in chemistry. In this animated lecture, I will teach you the super easy concept of valence bond theory and hybridization.
Chemical Bonding Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3GBdsS--0-Rz7gFuP6pY3B3qlUr7Zox5
Q: What is valence bond theory?
Ans: Valence bond theory or commonly known as VBT explain the bond energy, bond length, orbital overlapping, shapes of molecules in covalent bond.
To learn more about valence bond theory, watch this lecture till the end.
#valencebondtheory
#VBT
#chemistryclass11
Subscribe my channel at:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_ltCdLVMRZ7r3IPzF2Toyg
Youtube link: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_ltCdLVMRZ7r3IPzF2Toyg
Facebook link: https://www.facebook.com/Najamacademy/
https://wn.com/Valence_Bond_Theory_|_Vbt_|_Chemistry
This lecture is about valence bond theory in chemistry. In this animated lecture, I will teach you the super easy concept of valence bond theory and hybridization.
Chemical Bonding Playlist:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3GBdsS--0-Rz7gFuP6pY3B3qlUr7Zox5
Q: What is valence bond theory?
Ans: Valence bond theory or commonly known as VBT explain the bond energy, bond length, orbital overlapping, shapes of molecules in covalent bond.
To learn more about valence bond theory, watch this lecture till the end.
#valencebondtheory
#VBT
#chemistryclass11
Subscribe my channel at:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_ltCdLVMRZ7r3IPzF2Toyg
Youtube link: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_ltCdLVMRZ7r3IPzF2Toyg
Facebook link: https://www.facebook.com/Najamacademy/
- published: 13 Jul 2021
- views: 900579
7:45
Valence Bond Theory Explained (with examples, H2, CH4)
Valence Bond Theory is the idea that ATOMIC orbitals containing unpaired electrons will OVERLAP to form covalent bonds.
Like when one Hydrogen atom (with 1 elec...
Valence Bond Theory is the idea that ATOMIC orbitals containing unpaired electrons will OVERLAP to form covalent bonds.
Like when one Hydrogen atom (with 1 electron) combines with another hydrogen atom (also with 1 electron) for form a SINGLE bond (of two electrons) between them. We say those electrons are SHARED.
Hybridization can be used to explain molecules that seem to be exceptions to this Theory.
Check me out: http://www.chemistnate.com
https://wn.com/Valence_Bond_Theory_Explained_(With_Examples,_H2,_Ch4)
Valence Bond Theory is the idea that ATOMIC orbitals containing unpaired electrons will OVERLAP to form covalent bonds.
Like when one Hydrogen atom (with 1 electron) combines with another hydrogen atom (also with 1 electron) for form a SINGLE bond (of two electrons) between them. We say those electrons are SHARED.
Hybridization can be used to explain molecules that seem to be exceptions to this Theory.
Check me out: http://www.chemistnate.com
- published: 11 Dec 2021
- views: 20675
12:05
Trick for the VBT | Valence Bond Theory | Coordination Compounds.
In this video I explained Trick for the VBT/valence bond theory/coordination compounds.
If you want to learn entire Chemistry in very short time with all clear...
In this video I explained Trick for the VBT/valence bond theory/coordination compounds.
If you want to learn entire Chemistry in very short time with all clear concepts and guaranteed marks, whatsapp now @9110662880.
https://wn.com/Trick_For_The_Vbt_|_Valence_Bond_Theory_|_Coordination_Compounds.
In this video I explained Trick for the VBT/valence bond theory/coordination compounds.
If you want to learn entire Chemistry in very short time with all clear concepts and guaranteed marks, whatsapp now @9110662880.
- published: 20 Jan 2018
- views: 2669090
26:04
1.3 Valence Bond Theory and Hybridization | Organic Chemistry
Chad goes over Valence Bond Theory and Hybridization covering both the standard atomic orbitals as well as the hybrid orbitals that may be involved in bonding. ...
Chad goes over Valence Bond Theory and Hybridization covering both the standard atomic orbitals as well as the hybrid orbitals that may be involved in bonding. He specifically shows the nature of sp, sp2, and sp3 hybrid orbitals and how to identify the hybridization of an atom. Finally, Chad compares and contrasts sigma bonds and pi bonds, how to recognize where each are present in a structure, and how to identify which orbitals are overlapping to create a particular bond.
If you want all my study guides, quizzes, and practice exams, check out my premium course at https://www.chadsprep.com/organic-chemistry-course-youtube
Happy Studying!
00:00 Lesson Introduction
00:31 Introduction to Valence Bond Theory and Atomic Orbitals
03:31 Sigma Overlap and Sigma Bonds
06:36 Pi Overlap and Pi Bonds
08:11 How to Identify the Hybridization of an Atom
12:17 sp, sp2, and sp3 Hybridization
21:08 Identifying which Orbitals Overlap to Create Bonds
https://www.chadsprep.com/
https://wn.com/1.3_Valence_Bond_Theory_And_Hybridization_|_Organic_Chemistry
Chad goes over Valence Bond Theory and Hybridization covering both the standard atomic orbitals as well as the hybrid orbitals that may be involved in bonding. He specifically shows the nature of sp, sp2, and sp3 hybrid orbitals and how to identify the hybridization of an atom. Finally, Chad compares and contrasts sigma bonds and pi bonds, how to recognize where each are present in a structure, and how to identify which orbitals are overlapping to create a particular bond.
If you want all my study guides, quizzes, and practice exams, check out my premium course at https://www.chadsprep.com/organic-chemistry-course-youtube
Happy Studying!
00:00 Lesson Introduction
00:31 Introduction to Valence Bond Theory and Atomic Orbitals
03:31 Sigma Overlap and Sigma Bonds
06:36 Pi Overlap and Pi Bonds
08:11 How to Identify the Hybridization of an Atom
12:17 sp, sp2, and sp3 Hybridization
21:08 Identifying which Orbitals Overlap to Create Bonds
https://www.chadsprep.com/
- published: 03 Sep 2020
- views: 69339
11:58
Hybrid Orbitals explained - Valence Bond Theory | Orbital Hybridization sp3 sp2 sp
This video explains the hybridization of carbon's, nitrogen's, and oxygen's valence orbitals in a bond, including single, double, and triple bonds. Explained ar...
This video explains the hybridization of carbon's, nitrogen's, and oxygen's valence orbitals in a bond, including single, double, and triple bonds. Explained are orbital overlap, sigma and pi bonds, and hybrid orbitals in carbon (sp³, sp², sp) using ethane, ethene, and ethyne; in nitrogen using ammonia (including lone pairs); and in oxygen using water (including lone pairs). Timings for the different hybridizations: 1:01 sp³, 5:23 sp², 8:10 sp, 10:21 ammonia, NH3; 11:15 water, H2O.
More on Hybrid Orbitals -- Wikipedia
"In chemistry, hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory. Hybrid orbitals are very useful in the explanation of molecular geometry and atomic bonding properties. Chemist Linus Pauling first developed the hybridisation theory in 1931 in order to explain the structure of simple molecules such as methane (CH4) using atomic orbitals.[2] Pauling pointed out that a carbon atom forms four bonds by using one s and three p orbitals, so that "it might be inferred" that a carbon atom would form three bonds at right angles (using p orbitals) and a fourth weaker bond using the s orbital in some arbitrary direction. In reality however, methane has four bonds of equivalent strength separated by the tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5°. Pauling explained this by supposing that in the presence of four hydrogen atoms, the s and p orbitals form four equivalent combinations or hybrid orbitals, each denoted by sp3 to indicate its composition, which are directed along the four C-H bonds.[3] This concept was developed for such simple chemical systems, but the approach was later applied more widely, and today it is considered an effective heuristic for rationalising the structures of organic compounds. It gives a simple orbital picture equivalent to Lewis structures. Hybridisation theory finds its use mainly in organic chemistry.Hybrid orbitals are assumed to be mixtures of atomic orbitals, superimposed on each other in various proportions. For example, in methane, the C hybrid orbital which forms each carbon–hydrogen bond consists of 25% s character and 75% p character and is thus described as sp3 (read as s-p-three) hybridised. Quantum mechanics describes this hybrid as an sp3 wavefunction of the form N(s + √3pσ), where N is a normalisation constant (here 1/2) and pσ is a p orbital directed along the C-H axis to form a sigma bond. The ratio of coefficients (denoted λ in general) is √3 in this example. Since the electron density associated with an orbital is proportional to the square of the wavefunction, the ratio of p-character to s-character is λ2 = 3. The p character or the weight of the p component is N2λ2 = 3/4.
The amount of p character or s character, which is decided mainly by orbital hybridisation, can be used to reliably predict molecular properties such as acidity or basicity."
Wikipedia contributors. "Hybrid orbital." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 4 May. 2017. Web. 4 May. 2017.
CC Academy videos are easy 101 crash course tutorials for step by step Chemistry help on your chemistry homework, problems, and experiments.
Check out other popular CC Academy videos on this channel:
-Stoichiometry Tutorial, step by step
-Types of Chemical Reactions: How to classify five basic reaction types
-Solution Stoichiometry
-Orbitals the Basics: Atomic Orbitals Tutorial
-Hybrid Orbitals Explained
-Polar Molecules Tutorial: How to determine polarity in a molecule
-Metallic Bonding and Metallic Properties Explained
-Covalent Bonding Tutorial
-Ionic Bonds, Ionic Compounds: What is an ionic bond and how do ionic compounds form
-Electronegativity and bond character (bond type): non-polar covalent, polar, ionic
-Metric Unit Prefix Conversions: How to Convert Metric System Prefixes
-Metric unit conversions shortcut: fast, easy how-to with examples
-Mole Conversions Tutorial: how to convert mole - mass, mole - particle, mass - particle problems
-Frequency, Wavelength, and the Speed of Light
-The Bohr Model of the Atom and Atomic Emission Spectra
-What is Heat: A brief introduction at the particle level
-Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment
-Unit Conversion Using Dimensional Analysis Tutorial
-What is Fire: Combustion Reaction Tutorial
-Quantum Numbers Tutorial
-Electron Configurations Tutorial and How to Derive Electron Configurations from the Periodic Table
-Concentration and Molarity Explained
-Heating Curves Tutorial
-Naming Ionic Compounds
-Limiting Reactant Tutorial
-PV=nRT The Ideal Gas Law: What is it, What is R, Four practice problems solved including molar mass
-Gas density and PV=nRT, the ideal gas law
-Surface Tension - What is it, how does it form, what properties does it impart
https://wn.com/Hybrid_Orbitals_Explained_Valence_Bond_Theory_|_Orbital_Hybridization_Sp3_Sp2_Sp
This video explains the hybridization of carbon's, nitrogen's, and oxygen's valence orbitals in a bond, including single, double, and triple bonds. Explained are orbital overlap, sigma and pi bonds, and hybrid orbitals in carbon (sp³, sp², sp) using ethane, ethene, and ethyne; in nitrogen using ammonia (including lone pairs); and in oxygen using water (including lone pairs). Timings for the different hybridizations: 1:01 sp³, 5:23 sp², 8:10 sp, 10:21 ammonia, NH3; 11:15 water, H2O.
More on Hybrid Orbitals -- Wikipedia
"In chemistry, hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory. Hybrid orbitals are very useful in the explanation of molecular geometry and atomic bonding properties. Chemist Linus Pauling first developed the hybridisation theory in 1931 in order to explain the structure of simple molecules such as methane (CH4) using atomic orbitals.[2] Pauling pointed out that a carbon atom forms four bonds by using one s and three p orbitals, so that "it might be inferred" that a carbon atom would form three bonds at right angles (using p orbitals) and a fourth weaker bond using the s orbital in some arbitrary direction. In reality however, methane has four bonds of equivalent strength separated by the tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5°. Pauling explained this by supposing that in the presence of four hydrogen atoms, the s and p orbitals form four equivalent combinations or hybrid orbitals, each denoted by sp3 to indicate its composition, which are directed along the four C-H bonds.[3] This concept was developed for such simple chemical systems, but the approach was later applied more widely, and today it is considered an effective heuristic for rationalising the structures of organic compounds. It gives a simple orbital picture equivalent to Lewis structures. Hybridisation theory finds its use mainly in organic chemistry.Hybrid orbitals are assumed to be mixtures of atomic orbitals, superimposed on each other in various proportions. For example, in methane, the C hybrid orbital which forms each carbon–hydrogen bond consists of 25% s character and 75% p character and is thus described as sp3 (read as s-p-three) hybridised. Quantum mechanics describes this hybrid as an sp3 wavefunction of the form N(s + √3pσ), where N is a normalisation constant (here 1/2) and pσ is a p orbital directed along the C-H axis to form a sigma bond. The ratio of coefficients (denoted λ in general) is √3 in this example. Since the electron density associated with an orbital is proportional to the square of the wavefunction, the ratio of p-character to s-character is λ2 = 3. The p character or the weight of the p component is N2λ2 = 3/4.
The amount of p character or s character, which is decided mainly by orbital hybridisation, can be used to reliably predict molecular properties such as acidity or basicity."
Wikipedia contributors. "Hybrid orbital." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 4 May. 2017. Web. 4 May. 2017.
CC Academy videos are easy 101 crash course tutorials for step by step Chemistry help on your chemistry homework, problems, and experiments.
Check out other popular CC Academy videos on this channel:
-Stoichiometry Tutorial, step by step
-Types of Chemical Reactions: How to classify five basic reaction types
-Solution Stoichiometry
-Orbitals the Basics: Atomic Orbitals Tutorial
-Hybrid Orbitals Explained
-Polar Molecules Tutorial: How to determine polarity in a molecule
-Metallic Bonding and Metallic Properties Explained
-Covalent Bonding Tutorial
-Ionic Bonds, Ionic Compounds: What is an ionic bond and how do ionic compounds form
-Electronegativity and bond character (bond type): non-polar covalent, polar, ionic
-Metric Unit Prefix Conversions: How to Convert Metric System Prefixes
-Metric unit conversions shortcut: fast, easy how-to with examples
-Mole Conversions Tutorial: how to convert mole - mass, mole - particle, mass - particle problems
-Frequency, Wavelength, and the Speed of Light
-The Bohr Model of the Atom and Atomic Emission Spectra
-What is Heat: A brief introduction at the particle level
-Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment
-Unit Conversion Using Dimensional Analysis Tutorial
-What is Fire: Combustion Reaction Tutorial
-Quantum Numbers Tutorial
-Electron Configurations Tutorial and How to Derive Electron Configurations from the Periodic Table
-Concentration and Molarity Explained
-Heating Curves Tutorial
-Naming Ionic Compounds
-Limiting Reactant Tutorial
-PV=nRT The Ideal Gas Law: What is it, What is R, Four practice problems solved including molar mass
-Gas density and PV=nRT, the ideal gas law
-Surface Tension - What is it, how does it form, what properties does it impart
- published: 05 May 2017
- views: 958396
23:37
V B T/ Valence Bond Theory/AJT Chemistry
This video explains valence bond theory
Different types of overlapping
Sigma and Pi bond
For more video in chemistry subscribe this channel
Have you seen my ot...
This video explains valence bond theory
Different types of overlapping
Sigma and Pi bond
For more video in chemistry subscribe this channel
Have you seen my other videos for SSLC, PLUS TWO ,UG AND PG Students,
Publishing the video for Competitive exams like NEET, IIT JEE, IIT JAM, NET, GATE, AND PSC/upsc exams.
https://wn.com/V_B_T_Valence_Bond_Theory_Ajt_Chemistry
This video explains valence bond theory
Different types of overlapping
Sigma and Pi bond
For more video in chemistry subscribe this channel
Have you seen my other videos for SSLC, PLUS TWO ,UG AND PG Students,
Publishing the video for Competitive exams like NEET, IIT JEE, IIT JAM, NET, GATE, AND PSC/upsc exams.
- published: 03 May 2021
- views: 25399