In modern scholarship, the "late" period of the Roman army begins with the accession of the Emperor Diocletian in AD 284, and ends in 476 with the deposition of Romulus Augustulus, being roughly coterminous with the Dominate. During the period 395–476, the army of the Roman Empire's western half progressively disintegrated, while its counterpart in the East, known as the East Roman army (or the early Byzantine army) remained largely intact in size and structure until the reign of Justinian I (r. AD 527-565).
The Imperial Roman army of the Principate (30 BC-AD 284) underwent a significant transformation as a result of the chaotic 3rd century. Unlike the army of the Principate, the army of the 4th century was heavily dependent on conscription and its soldiers were paid much less than in the 2nd century. Barbarians from outside the empire probably supplied a much larger proportion of the late army's recruits than in the army of the 1st and 2nd centuries, but there is little evidence that this adversely affected the army's performance.
The Roman army (Latin: exercitus Romanus, literally: Roman Army; Ancient Greek: στρατός Ῥωμαίων, transcription: stratos Romaion) is a term encompassing the terrestrial armed forces deployed by the Roman Kingdom (to c. 500 BC), the Roman Republic (500–31 BC), the Roman Empire (31 BC – 395/476 AD) and its successor the East Roman or Byzantine Empire. It is thus a term that spans approximately 2,000 years, during which the Roman armed forces underwent numerous permutations in composition, organization, equipment and tactics, while conserving a core of lasting traditions.
Historical phases
The development of the Roman army was divided into eight phases.
Early Roman army (c. 500 B.C. to c. 300 B.C.)
The Early Roman army of the Roman kingdom and of the early republic (to c. 300 BC). During this period, when warfare chiefly consisted of small-scale plundering-raids, it has been suggested that the Roman army followed Etruscan or Greek models of organisation and equipment. The early Roman army was based on an annual levy.
The late Roman soldier: A degenerate and inferior shadow of his former self. Or was he?
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published: 17 Nov 2022
The Late Roman, Early Byzantine Infantryman (Fall of the Roman Empire History)
The Late Roman, Early Byzantine Infantryman (Fall of the Roman Empire History)
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Larousse Encyclopedia of Ancient and Medieval History(Marcel Dunan)
the late roman infantryman (Simon MacDowall)
Roman Legionary AD 284-337(Ross Cowan)
byzantium beyond the golden gate
fall of the west (John Lambshead)
Late Roman Cavalryman (simon macdowall)
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Byzantine, Byzantine empire, byzantine documentary, roman army documentary, Fall of the roman empire, ancient rome, late roman empire, ancient roman history, western roman empire, eastern roman empire, late roman infantryman, Byzantine empire crash course, Roman legion, Byzantine history, roman Sassanid, li...
published: 01 Mar 2019
Was the late Roman army weak and ineffective? #shorts
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published: 07 Sep 2022
Was the late Roman Army weak, ineffective and inferior to the early Legions?
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published: 29 Sep 2022
The Late Roman army: an introduction
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published: 12 Dec 2023
Military Reforms of Diocletian - Roman Imperial Army DOCUMENTARY
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Our animated historical documentary series on the evolution of Roman armies and tactics continues with a video on the military reforms of Roman Emperors Gallienus, Diocletian and Constantine, as the introduction of limitanei, comitatenses and other reforms changed the armies of the Roman empire.
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published: 30 Jan 2020
Late Roman Army - Inferior?
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A video essay addressing the old idea that the Late Roman army was inferior to the Principate (early imperial Roman) army, focusing not on gear and tactics but rather on the bigger picture. Particularly exploring the idea that one was malleable and the other brittle, producing very different results.
published: 24 Mar 2019
Il legionario tardo romano [SUB ENG]
Il legionario tardo romano (IV-V secolo d.C.), nonostante un'opinione popolare ancora molto diffusa, non aveva nulla da invidiare ai soldati del periodo altoimperiale.
Come era equipaggiato il legionario romano tardo antico? Come combatteva l'esercito romano tra IV e V sec. d.C.?
Mattia Caprioli, socio fondatore del "Numerus Italorum", associazione culturale di rievocazione storica, ci illustra l'equipaggiamento del soldato romano del IV sec. d.C.
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published: 12 Mar 2020
How Barbarized was the Late Roman Army? Weapons Burials, Barbarian Influence, & Militarization
The army of the Late Roman Empire (approximately 250 to about 500) has often been seen as one which was dominated barbarians. This was evidenced by the adoption of barbarian equipment like the spatha, in place of the more famous gladius hispaniensus, and ocular shields in place of the rectangular scutum of the classic legions. The helmet design changed as well, and the Late Roman Army adopted a war cry from the barbarians, called the “barritus”.
The increasing number of supposedly barbarian troops eventually led to the downfall of the Roman Empire, so the argument goes. But over the past thirty years this has seriously been called into question, not least because further work done on the Late Roman Army has made it clear that the barbarian influences were consciously constructed on the p...
published: 03 Nov 2022
Why did the martial vigor of the Romans decline in the late Roman Empire?
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The Late Roman, Early Byzantine Infantryman (Fall of the Roman Empire History)
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The Late Roman, Early Byzantine Infantryman (Fall of the Roman Empire History)
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Sources
Larousse Encyclopedia of Ancient and Medieval History(Marcel Dunan)
the late roman infantryman (Simon MacDowall)
Roman Legionary AD 284-337(Ross Cowan)
byzantium beyond the golden gate
fall of the west (John Lambshead)
Late Roman Cavalryman (simon macdowall)
Tags:
Byzantine, Byzantine empire, byzantine documentary, roman army documentary, Fall of the roman empire, ancient rome, late roman empire, ancient roman history, western roman empire, eastern roman empire, late roman infantryman, Byzantine empire crash course, Roman legion, Byzantine history, roman Sassanid, limitanei, comitatenses, Diocletian, roman tactics, foederati, late roman army,paltina, Justinian, history of rome,
The Late Roman, Early Byzantine Infantryman (Fall of the Roman Empire History)
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Sources
Larousse Encyclopedia of Ancient and Medieval History(Marcel Dunan)
the late roman infantryman (Simon MacDowall)
Roman Legionary AD 284-337(Ross Cowan)
byzantium beyond the golden gate
fall of the west (John Lambshead)
Late Roman Cavalryman (simon macdowall)
Tags:
Byzantine, Byzantine empire, byzantine documentary, roman army documentary, Fall of the roman empire, ancient rome, late roman empire, ancient roman history, western roman empire, eastern roman empire, late roman infantryman, Byzantine empire crash course, Roman legion, Byzantine history, roman Sassanid, limitanei, comitatenses, Diocletian, roman tactics, foederati, late roman army,paltina, Justinian, history of rome,
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3. "Rome: An Urban History from Antiquity to the Present" by Rabun Taylor https://amzn.to/322ClsZ
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📚 One of our favorite books about the Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Fall of Rome" by Bryan Ward-Perkins: https://amzn.to/3FXeDNg
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3. "Rome: An Urban History from Antiquity to the Present" by Rabun Taylor https://amzn.to/322ClsZ
These are all excellent books if you are like me, absolutely fascinated by the transition of Rome from late antiquity to the early medieval period.
📚 One of our favorite books about the Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Fall of Rome" by Bryan Ward-Perkins: https://amzn.to/3FXeDNg
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1. "History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages" by Ferdinand Gregorovius https://amzn.to/3yOvjEd
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3. "Rome: An Urban History from Antiquity to the Present" by Rabun Taylor https://amzn.to/322ClsZ
These are all excellent books if you are like me, absolutely fascinated by the transition of Rome from late antiquity to the early medieval period.
📚 One of our favorite books about the Fall of the Roman Empire, "The Fall of Rome" by Bryan Ward-Perkins: https://amzn.to/3FXeDNg
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Support our channel and get Brilliant! First 200 get 20% off - https://brilliant.org/KingsAndGenerals/
Our animated historical documentary series on the evolut...
Support our channel and get Brilliant! First 200 get 20% off - https://brilliant.org/KingsAndGenerals/
Our animated historical documentary series on the evolution of Roman armies and tactics continues with a video on the military reforms of Roman Emperors Gallienus, Diocletian and Constantine, as the introduction of limitanei, comitatenses and other reforms changed the armies of the Roman empire.
Previous videos in the Evolution of Armies and Tactics series: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIRS_PMeVVY&list=PLaBYW76inbX5Jmy5E740LBDVk25VhObDi
Support us on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals or Paypal: http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals
We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_RlpYcXb7Q-bF6Lyv0NZHeg_49HuX_oifliX5Rt6Ny0/edit?usp=sharing
The video was made by our friend Arb Paninken http://bit.ly/2Ow3oC8 while the script was researched and written by Matt Hollis
This video was narrated by Officially Devin (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU0-VII-V376zFxiRGMeZGg & https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC79s7EdN9uXX77-Ly2HmEjQ)
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#Documentary #RomanArmy #Diocletian
Support our channel and get Brilliant! First 200 get 20% off - https://brilliant.org/KingsAndGenerals/
Our animated historical documentary series on the evolution of Roman armies and tactics continues with a video on the military reforms of Roman Emperors Gallienus, Diocletian and Constantine, as the introduction of limitanei, comitatenses and other reforms changed the armies of the Roman empire.
Previous videos in the Evolution of Armies and Tactics series: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIRS_PMeVVY&list=PLaBYW76inbX5Jmy5E740LBDVk25VhObDi
Support us on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals or Paypal: http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals
We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_RlpYcXb7Q-bF6Lyv0NZHeg_49HuX_oifliX5Rt6Ny0/edit?usp=sharing
The video was made by our friend Arb Paninken http://bit.ly/2Ow3oC8 while the script was researched and written by Matt Hollis
This video was narrated by Officially Devin (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCU0-VII-V376zFxiRGMeZGg & https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC79s7EdN9uXX77-Ly2HmEjQ)
✔ Merch store ► https://teespring.com/stores/kingsandgenerals
✔ Patreon ► https://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals
✔ Podcast ► https://kingsandgenerals.libsyn.com/ iTunes: https://apple.co/2QTuMNG
✔ PayPal ► http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals
✔ Twitter ► https://twitter.com/KingsGenerals
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Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: http://www.epidemicsound.com
#Documentary #RomanArmy #Diocletian
Support more videos like this https://www.patreon.com/foojer
Made with iOS IbisPaint. Text here https://remembermylord.com/2019/03/24/was-the-late-roman-army-in...
Support more videos like this https://www.patreon.com/foojer
Made with iOS IbisPaint. Text here https://remembermylord.com/2019/03/24/was-the-late-roman-army-inferior/
A video essay addressing the old idea that the Late Roman army was inferior to the Principate (early imperial Roman) army, focusing not on gear and tactics but rather on the bigger picture. Particularly exploring the idea that one was malleable and the other brittle, producing very different results.
Support more videos like this https://www.patreon.com/foojer
Made with iOS IbisPaint. Text here https://remembermylord.com/2019/03/24/was-the-late-roman-army-inferior/
A video essay addressing the old idea that the Late Roman army was inferior to the Principate (early imperial Roman) army, focusing not on gear and tactics but rather on the bigger picture. Particularly exploring the idea that one was malleable and the other brittle, producing very different results.
Il legionario tardo romano (IV-V secolo d.C.), nonostante un'opinione popolare ancora molto diffusa, non aveva nulla da invidiare ai soldati del periodo altoimp...
Il legionario tardo romano (IV-V secolo d.C.), nonostante un'opinione popolare ancora molto diffusa, non aveva nulla da invidiare ai soldati del periodo altoimperiale.
Come era equipaggiato il legionario romano tardo antico? Come combatteva l'esercito romano tra IV e V sec. d.C.?
Mattia Caprioli, socio fondatore del "Numerus Italorum", associazione culturale di rievocazione storica, ci illustra l'equipaggiamento del soldato romano del IV sec. d.C.
https://www.facebook.com/Numerus.Italorum/
https://www.instagram.com/numerusitalorum/
===============
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===============
Clicca sui link qui sotto per vedere tutti gli equipaggiamenti che abbiamo utilizzato nel video!
Elmo tipo Burgh Castle
https://www.res-bellica.com/shop/elmo-tipo-burgh-castle-2/
Elmi tipo Intercisa
https://www.res-bellica.com/shop/elmo-tipo-intercisa-i/
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Corazza a scaglie
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Scudo
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Plumbatae
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Schinieri
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Manica segmentata
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Spathae
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https://www.res-bellica.com/shop/spada-germanica/
Punta di lancia
https://www.res-bellica.com/shop/punta-di-lancia/
Il legionario tardo romano (IV-V secolo d.C.), nonostante un'opinione popolare ancora molto diffusa, non aveva nulla da invidiare ai soldati del periodo altoimperiale.
Come era equipaggiato il legionario romano tardo antico? Come combatteva l'esercito romano tra IV e V sec. d.C.?
Mattia Caprioli, socio fondatore del "Numerus Italorum", associazione culturale di rievocazione storica, ci illustra l'equipaggiamento del soldato romano del IV sec. d.C.
https://www.facebook.com/Numerus.Italorum/
https://www.instagram.com/numerusitalorum/
===============
Riprese e montaggio di Nico Guidetti
https://nicoguidetti.com/
===============
Il nostro servizio video
https://www.video.res-bellica.com/
Clicca sul link per saperne di più sul nostro servizio di realizzazione video e documentari.
===============
Iscriviti al canale: https://www.youtube.com/c/ResBellica/
===============
Guarda gli ultimi video: https://www.youtube.com/c/ResBellica/videos
===============
Supportaci su Ko-fi
https://ko-fi.com/resbellica
===============
Visita il nostro sito web: https://res-bellica.com
La nostra pagina facebook: https://facebook.com/ResBellica/
Seguici anche su Instagram: https://instagram.com/resbellica/
===============
Clicca sui link qui sotto per vedere tutti gli equipaggiamenti che abbiamo utilizzato nel video!
Elmo tipo Burgh Castle
https://www.res-bellica.com/shop/elmo-tipo-burgh-castle-2/
Elmi tipo Intercisa
https://www.res-bellica.com/shop/elmo-tipo-intercisa-i/
https://www.res-bellica.com/shop/elmo-tipo-intercisa-ii/
Corazza a scaglie
https://www.res-bellica.com/shop/squamata-corazza-a-scaglie/
Scudo
https://www.res-bellica.com/shop/scudo-romano-tardo-imperiale/
Plumbatae
https://www.res-bellica.com/shop/plumbata-2/
https://www.res-bellica.com/shop/plumbata/
Schinieri
https://www.res-bellica.com/shop/schinieri-gladiatorii/
Manica segmentata
https://www.res-bellica.com/shop/manica-segmentata/
Spathae
https://www.res-bellica.com/shop/spatha-tipo-feltwell/
https://www.res-bellica.com/shop/spada-germanica/
Punta di lancia
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The army of the Late Roman Empire (approximately 250 to about 500) has often been seen as one which was dominated barbarians. This was evidenced by the adoption...
The army of the Late Roman Empire (approximately 250 to about 500) has often been seen as one which was dominated barbarians. This was evidenced by the adoption of barbarian equipment like the spatha, in place of the more famous gladius hispaniensus, and ocular shields in place of the rectangular scutum of the classic legions. The helmet design changed as well, and the Late Roman Army adopted a war cry from the barbarians, called the “barritus”.
The increasing number of supposedly barbarian troops eventually led to the downfall of the Roman Empire, so the argument goes. But over the past thirty years this has seriously been called into question, not least because further work done on the Late Roman Army has made it clear that the barbarian influences were consciously constructed on the part of the military based on what they thought barbarians looked like and how they thought they behaved.
So, how “barbarian” was the Late Roman Army?
The army of the Late Roman Empire (approximately 250 to about 500) has often been seen as one which was dominated barbarians. This was evidenced by the adoption of barbarian equipment like the spatha, in place of the more famous gladius hispaniensus, and ocular shields in place of the rectangular scutum of the classic legions. The helmet design changed as well, and the Late Roman Army adopted a war cry from the barbarians, called the “barritus”.
The increasing number of supposedly barbarian troops eventually led to the downfall of the Roman Empire, so the argument goes. But over the past thirty years this has seriously been called into question, not least because further work done on the Late Roman Army has made it clear that the barbarian influences were consciously constructed on the part of the military based on what they thought barbarians looked like and how they thought they behaved.
So, how “barbarian” was the Late Roman Army?
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The Late Roman, Early Byzantine Infantryman (Fall of the Roman Empire History)
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Sources
Larousse Encyclopedia of Ancient and Medieval History(Marcel Dunan)
the late roman infantryman (Simon MacDowall)
Roman Legionary AD 284-337(Ross Cowan)
byzantium beyond the golden gate
fall of the west (John Lambshead)
Late Roman Cavalryman (simon macdowall)
Tags:
Byzantine, Byzantine empire, byzantine documentary, roman army documentary, Fall of the roman empire, ancient rome, late roman empire, ancient roman history, western roman empire, eastern roman empire, late roman infantryman, Byzantine empire crash course, Roman legion, Byzantine history, roman Sassanid, limitanei, comitatenses, Diocletian, roman tactics, foederati, late roman army,paltina, Justinian, history of rome,
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Our animated historical documentary series on the evolution of Roman armies and tactics continues with a video on the military reforms of Roman Emperors Gallienus, Diocletian and Constantine, as the introduction of limitanei, comitatenses and other reforms changed the armies of the Roman empire.
Previous videos in the Evolution of Armies and Tactics series: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIRS_PMeVVY&list=PLaBYW76inbX5Jmy5E740LBDVk25VhObDi
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Made with iOS IbisPaint. Text here https://remembermylord.com/2019/03/24/was-the-late-roman-army-inferior/
A video essay addressing the old idea that the Late Roman army was inferior to the Principate (early imperial Roman) army, focusing not on gear and tactics but rather on the bigger picture. Particularly exploring the idea that one was malleable and the other brittle, producing very different results.
Il legionario tardo romano (IV-V secolo d.C.), nonostante un'opinione popolare ancora molto diffusa, non aveva nulla da invidiare ai soldati del periodo altoimperiale.
Come era equipaggiato il legionario romano tardo antico? Come combatteva l'esercito romano tra IV e V sec. d.C.?
Mattia Caprioli, socio fondatore del "Numerus Italorum", associazione culturale di rievocazione storica, ci illustra l'equipaggiamento del soldato romano del IV sec. d.C.
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The army of the Late Roman Empire (approximately 250 to about 500) has often been seen as one which was dominated barbarians. This was evidenced by the adoption of barbarian equipment like the spatha, in place of the more famous gladius hispaniensus, and ocular shields in place of the rectangular scutum of the classic legions. The helmet design changed as well, and the Late Roman Army adopted a war cry from the barbarians, called the “barritus”.
The increasing number of supposedly barbarian troops eventually led to the downfall of the Roman Empire, so the argument goes. But over the past thirty years this has seriously been called into question, not least because further work done on the Late Roman Army has made it clear that the barbarian influences were consciously constructed on the part of the military based on what they thought barbarians looked like and how they thought they behaved.
So, how “barbarian” was the Late Roman Army?
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In modern scholarship, the "late" period of the Roman army begins with the accession of the Emperor Diocletian in AD 284, and ends in 476 with the deposition of Romulus Augustulus, being roughly coterminous with the Dominate. During the period 395–476, the army of the Roman Empire's western half progressively disintegrated, while its counterpart in the East, known as the East Roman army (or the early Byzantine army) remained largely intact in size and structure until the reign of Justinian I (r. AD 527-565).
The Imperial Roman army of the Principate (30 BC-AD 284) underwent a significant transformation as a result of the chaotic 3rd century. Unlike the army of the Principate, the army of the 4th century was heavily dependent on conscription and its soldiers were paid much less than in the 2nd century. Barbarians from outside the empire probably supplied a much larger proportion of the late army's recruits than in the army of the 1st and 2nd centuries, but there is little evidence that this adversely affected the army's performance.
The dawn of the 3rd century found the Romans under continuous attacks by barbarian tribes from the North and West, culminating with the invasion of the Huns in Europe in the late 4th century.
... as Emperor Gallienus (ruled 253–268 AD) and his general and putative usurper Aureolus (died 268) arguably contributed much to the institution of Roman cataphract contingents in the Late Roman army.
At six other tables, battles raged between late-Roman era armies that, three weeks prior, none of the students had ever heard of ... “I knew nothing about the late ImperialRomans ... “The Roman army marches ever closer to our borders.
... the eunuch Eutropius to power in the Eastern RomanEmpire during the late 390s ... As I mentioned in the last instalment, morale was low among many rank-and-file soldiers in the late Imperial Roman army.
During antiquity, the sling became a common weapon used in Ancient Greece and the Roman period, with the Roman Army adopting slings to be used by skirmishers. The late Roman writer Vegetius notes the use of slings in the De Re Militari, which states.
... serve as foederati in the Roman army ... In 394 C.E., he was leading Gothic troops in Theodosius’ army against Eugenius, one of the many usurpers who popped up during this late stage of the Roman Empire.
In the same way (of going from bad to worse), late Roman emperors would more and more procure Germanic barbarians to staff their armies, till the protection racket price became too steep ... Roman times.
reading Plutarch, for example, or thinking about the battle of Cannae, in which an outnumbered north African force under Hannibal all but annihilated a huge Roman army in southern Italy.
King FrederickWilliam of Prussia had pulled his army off the streets of Berlin after hundreds of demonstrators were killed ...Following further upheavals and the spilling of much blood, the revolutions were essentially over by late 1849.
The legion at Oescus was converted into a comitatensis unit, a field army of the LateRomanEmpire, where it remained to guard the frontier as the Western Roman Empire collapsed before them.
The belt buckles discovered in the ape’s grave were typically related to the late Roman period ... A Monkey in the Late Roman Army ... https.//www.strangehistory.net/2014/12/20/monkey-late-roman-army/.