Duke of Argyll (Scottish Gaelic:Diùc Earra-Ghàidheil) is a title, created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1701 and in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1892. The Earls, Marquesses, and Dukes of Argyll were for several centuries among the most powerful, if not the most powerful, noble families in Scotland. As such, they played a major role in Scottish history throughout the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. The current Duke is Torquhil, the 13th man to hold the title.
History
Sir Colin Campbell of Lochow was knighted in 1280. In 1445 James II of Scotland raised Sir Colin's descendant Sir Duncan Campbell to the peerage to become Duncan Campbell of Lochow, Lord of Argyll, Knight, 1st Lord Campbell. Colin Campbell (c. 1433–1493) succeeded his grandfather as the 2nd Lord Campbell in 1453 and was created Earl of Argyll in 1457.
The 8th Earl of Argyll was created a marquess in 1641, when Charles I visited Scotland and attempted to quell the rising political crisis (and the fall-out from the event known as The Incident). With Oliver Cromwell's victory in England, the marquess became the effective ruler of Scotland. Upon the restoration, the marquess offered his services to King Charles II but was charged with treason and executed in 1661. His lands and titles were forfeited but were restored to his son in 1663, Archibald, who became the 9th Earl of Argyll. In 1685 the 9th Earl was executed for his part in the Monmouth rebellion.
Ian Douglas Campbell, 11th and 4th Duke of Argyll (18 June 1903 – 7 April 1973) was a Scottishpeer. He is chiefly remembered for his unhappy marriage to, and scandalous 1963 divorce from, Margaret Whigham.
Argyll was married four times. His first marriage was to the Honourable Janet Gladys Aitken (9 July 1908 – 1988), daughter of business tycoon and press baron Lord Beaverbrook, on 12 December 1927. They had a daughter:
Ian and Janet divorced in 1934. Argyll's second marriage was to Louise Hollingsworth Morris Vanneck, née Clews (d. 10 February 1970), daughter of Henry Clews by his wife Louise Hollingsworth Morris (ex-wife 1894-1901 of Frederick Gebhard) of Baltimore, Maryland, and former wife of Hon. Andrew Vanneck (md 1930-1933) on 23 November 1935. This marriage produced two sons:
Ian David Campbell (21 December 1945(1945-12-21) (age70)) is an Australian-born opera singer, stage director, administrator, radio broadcaster and writer. He was the General Director and Artistic Director of San Diego Opera from 1983 until 2014. As noted by James Chute in the San Diego UT on 19 March 2014 "the institution’s executive committee and Ian Campbell, its general and artistic director and CEO, concluded that the company’s finances were eroding to the point where its only viable course was to cease operations. The opera’s board of directors confirmed that assertion in a 33-1 vote Wednesday." The board's decision later became controversial.
After the composition of the board changed, he was placed on paid administrative leave from the company but, on May 15, 2014 it was announced in The Los Angeles Times that "Ian Campbell, the long-serving general and artistic director of San Diego Opera, has officially parted ways with the company following a contentious two months during which the decision to close the organization was met with a significant backlash."
Born in Aberdeen, he moved to Birmingham as a teenager, where he subsequently worked as an engraver in the city's Jewellery Quarter. His father, David Gunn Campbell, was a trade union leader who was originally from Shetland. He fell under the influence of the Birmingham Marxist writer George Thomson and joined the choir of the local branch of the Workers' Music Association, which was run by Thomson's wife. In 1957, he formed a skiffle group, initially called the Clarion Skiffle Group, which performed politically-charged material including Fenian and Jacobite songs, and songs of miners, industrial workers and farmworkers. In 1958, the group changed their name to the Ian Campbell Folk Group and in 1962 recorded Ceilidh At The Crown, at the Crown Inn in Station Street Birmingham, their regular venue. It was the first ever live folk recording to be released on vinyl.
The present council area was created in 1996, when it was carved out of the Strathclyderegion, which was a two-tier local government region of 19 districts, created in 1975. Argyll and Bute merged the existing Argyll and Bute district and one ward of the Dumbarton district. The Dumbarton ward, called 'Helensburgh and Lomond', included the burgh of Helensburgh and consisted of an area to the west of Loch Lomond, north of the Firth of Clyde and mostly east of Loch Long.
The council area can be described also by reference to divisions of the counties which were abolished in 1975. The council area includes most of the county of Argyll (Argyll minus the Morvern area, north of Mull, which became part of the Highland region in 1975), part of the county of Bute (the Isle of Bute) and part of the county of Dunbartonshire (the Helensburgh and Lomond ward).
Margaret, Duchess of Argyll - Interview Compilation
A selection of short interviews with Margaret Whigham, Duchess of Argyll.
published: 03 Jan 2022
Rob Roy: The Duke of Argyll vs. The Marquis Montrose
In the movie "Rob Roy", the Marquis Montrose hustles the Duke of Argyll for 100 Scottish Guineas (actually, he got 200 on the odds). Tim Roth at one of his finest.
published: 09 Aug 2008
Interview Duke of Argyll ForArgyll,com
published: 25 Jan 2009
The Duchess of Argyll - Loose Morals or Brain Injury? - Mental Health History Documentary
I’m going to be exploring the background to the scandalous divorce of the Duke and Duchess of Argyll in 1963. The Judge described the Duchess as “wholly immoral” but could her promiscuity have been the result of a head injury from falling down a lift shaft?
I will be describing the Duchess’ early life and first marriage and the scandalous divorce case from her second husband, with contemporary photographs and film extracts, and images from the 2021 BBC biopic and Powder her Face, an operatic version of the story.
Learn what the Duchess was accused of that led the judge to describe her as having a “debased sexual appetite” and how her behaviour could have been caused by a traumatic brain injury.
I hope you enjoy the video - and if you do please like or comment and subscribe to get notif...
published: 07 Jan 2022
Royal Scandal - Katharine Kent - Secret Life of a Duchess - British Documentary
Royal Scandal - Katharine Kent - Secret Life of a Duchess - British Documentary
▶▶▶ Please subscribe my channel and see more videos in HERE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCO8z8leeDCqhC35-xIJl2Fg
Thanks for watching our video!!!
#Royals #Palace
published: 12 Nov 2021
Margaret Campbell, the Scandalous Duchess of Argyll
Margaret Campbell, Duchess of Argyll, was a British socialite known for beauty and scandalous divorce.
👉🏻 Want to see more 20th Century Women? If so click here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SsY5HkGNd7k&list=PL6NbTv5j5o_fmL84Mniw3ArPrpymNf3ro
💯Join History Roadshow to access perks from only £2.99 a month.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7ck57KsmiCqKJ2vbSRwioA/join
🔴 Subscribe for more great History videos: https://bit.ly/3aOAre2
🔴 Share this video with a friend: https://youtu.be/AFV7HA7P4Ps
🔴 Watch next –
✅ Let's connect:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historyroadshow/
Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historyroadshow
✅ For business inquiries, email address on the About Page
Thank you for watching! Please like, comment and follow to stay updated on future videos.
#scandal...
published: 08 Jan 2023
Mad, Bad & Dangerous: Terrible truth behind A Very British Scandal/how the BBC got it wrong.
Please sign Lady Colin Campbell's Petition inviting Prince Harry to ask The Queen to put his titles & royal status into abeyance. https://www.change.org/p/the-public-invitation-to-prince-harry-to-request-the-queen-to-put-his-titles-into-abeyance?utm_content=cl_sharecopy_28949031_en-GB%3A8&recruiter=1205195839&utm_source=share_petition&utm_medium=copylink&utm_campaign=share_petition
🇬🇧 Book order https://www.amazon.co.uk/Meghan-Harry-Lady-Colin-Campbell/dp/1916131719
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Queens-Marriage-Lady-Colin-Campbell/dp/1527209849
https://www.amazon.co.uk/People-Colour-Royals-Colin-Campbell/dp/1916131700
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Real-Diana-Colin-Lady-Campbell/dp/1900850958
http...
published: 04 Jan 2022
Claire Foy, Paul Bettany On The True Story Behind ‘A Very British Scandal’
Claire Foy and Paul Bettany, who portray the Duke and Duchess of Argyll in “A Very British Scandal,” explain the story behind the royal divorce that made headlines and rocked the British press.
» Subscribe to TODAY: http://on.today.com/SubscribeToTODAY
» Watch the latest from TODAY: http://bit.ly/LatestTODAY
About: TODAY brings you the latest headlines and expert tips on money, health and parenting. We wake up every morning to give you and your family all you need to start your day. If it matters to you, it matters to us. We are in the people business. Subscribe to our channel for exclusive TODAY archival footage & our original web series.
Connect with TODAY Online!
Visit TODAY's Website: http://on.today.com/ReadTODAY
Find TODAY on Facebook: http://on.today.com/LikeTODAY
Follow TODAY ...
published: 26 Apr 2022
Ian Campbell, 11Th Duke Of Argyll
Ian Douglas Campbell, 11th and 4th Duke of Argyll was a Scottish peer. He is chiefly remembered for his unhappy marriage to, and scandalous 1963 divorce from, Margaret Whigham.
published: 27 Dec 2021
Margaret Campbell | Duchess of Argyll | interview | Presented to court | Good Afternoon | Part 1
Part 1:
'Good Afternoon' Presenter speaks to Margaret Campbell, Duchess of Argyll about her early life and what it was like being presented to Court and her Marriage to the 11th Duke of Argyll.
First shown: 05/11/1975
If you would like to license a clip from this video please e mail: [email protected]
Quote: VT101091
In the movie "Rob Roy", the Marquis Montrose hustles the Duke of Argyll for 100 Scottish Guineas (actually, he got 200 on the odds). Tim Roth at one of his fine...
In the movie "Rob Roy", the Marquis Montrose hustles the Duke of Argyll for 100 Scottish Guineas (actually, he got 200 on the odds). Tim Roth at one of his finest.
In the movie "Rob Roy", the Marquis Montrose hustles the Duke of Argyll for 100 Scottish Guineas (actually, he got 200 on the odds). Tim Roth at one of his finest.
I’m going to be exploring the background to the scandalous divorce of the Duke and Duchess of Argyll in 1963. The Judge described the Duchess as “wholly immoral...
I’m going to be exploring the background to the scandalous divorce of the Duke and Duchess of Argyll in 1963. The Judge described the Duchess as “wholly immoral” but could her promiscuity have been the result of a head injury from falling down a lift shaft?
I will be describing the Duchess’ early life and first marriage and the scandalous divorce case from her second husband, with contemporary photographs and film extracts, and images from the 2021 BBC biopic and Powder her Face, an operatic version of the story.
Learn what the Duchess was accused of that led the judge to describe her as having a “debased sexual appetite” and how her behaviour could have been caused by a traumatic brain injury.
I hope you enjoy the video - and if you do please like or comment and subscribe to get notifications of new videos as they are posted.
Video produced by Professor Graeme Yorston and Tom Yorston.
Copyright Disclaimer:
The primary purpose of this video is educational. I have tried to use material in the public domain or with Creative Commons Non-attribution licences wherever possible. Where attribution is required, I have listed this at the end of the video. I believe that any copyright material used falls under the remit of Fair Use, but if any content owners would like to dispute this, I will not hesitate to immediately remove that content. It is not my intention to infringe on content ownership in any way. If you happen to find your art or images in the video, please let me know and I will be glad to credit you.
I’m going to be exploring the background to the scandalous divorce of the Duke and Duchess of Argyll in 1963. The Judge described the Duchess as “wholly immoral” but could her promiscuity have been the result of a head injury from falling down a lift shaft?
I will be describing the Duchess’ early life and first marriage and the scandalous divorce case from her second husband, with contemporary photographs and film extracts, and images from the 2021 BBC biopic and Powder her Face, an operatic version of the story.
Learn what the Duchess was accused of that led the judge to describe her as having a “debased sexual appetite” and how her behaviour could have been caused by a traumatic brain injury.
I hope you enjoy the video - and if you do please like or comment and subscribe to get notifications of new videos as they are posted.
Video produced by Professor Graeme Yorston and Tom Yorston.
Copyright Disclaimer:
The primary purpose of this video is educational. I have tried to use material in the public domain or with Creative Commons Non-attribution licences wherever possible. Where attribution is required, I have listed this at the end of the video. I believe that any copyright material used falls under the remit of Fair Use, but if any content owners would like to dispute this, I will not hesitate to immediately remove that content. It is not my intention to infringe on content ownership in any way. If you happen to find your art or images in the video, please let me know and I will be glad to credit you.
Royal Scandal - Katharine Kent - Secret Life of a Duchess - British Documentary
▶▶▶ Please subscribe my channel and see more videos in HERE: https://www.yout...
Royal Scandal - Katharine Kent - Secret Life of a Duchess - British Documentary
▶▶▶ Please subscribe my channel and see more videos in HERE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCO8z8leeDCqhC35-xIJl2Fg
Thanks for watching our video!!!
#Royals #Palace
Royal Scandal - Katharine Kent - Secret Life of a Duchess - British Documentary
▶▶▶ Please subscribe my channel and see more videos in HERE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCO8z8leeDCqhC35-xIJl2Fg
Thanks for watching our video!!!
#Royals #Palace
Margaret Campbell, Duchess of Argyll, was a British socialite known for beauty and scandalous divorce.
👉🏻 Want to see more 20th Century Women? If so click here...
Margaret Campbell, Duchess of Argyll, was a British socialite known for beauty and scandalous divorce.
👉🏻 Want to see more 20th Century Women? If so click here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SsY5HkGNd7k&list=PL6NbTv5j5o_fmL84Mniw3ArPrpymNf3ro
💯Join History Roadshow to access perks from only £2.99 a month.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7ck57KsmiCqKJ2vbSRwioA/join
🔴 Subscribe for more great History videos: https://bit.ly/3aOAre2
🔴 Share this video with a friend: https://youtu.be/AFV7HA7P4Ps
🔴 Watch next –
✅ Let's connect:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historyroadshow/
Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historyroadshow
✅ For business inquiries, email address on the About Page
Thank you for watching! Please like, comment and follow to stay updated on future videos.
#scandal #aristocracy #historyroadshow
Margaret Campbell, Duchess of Argyll, was a British socialite known for beauty and scandalous divorce.
👉🏻 Want to see more 20th Century Women? If so click here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SsY5HkGNd7k&list=PL6NbTv5j5o_fmL84Mniw3ArPrpymNf3ro
💯Join History Roadshow to access perks from only £2.99 a month.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7ck57KsmiCqKJ2vbSRwioA/join
🔴 Subscribe for more great History videos: https://bit.ly/3aOAre2
🔴 Share this video with a friend: https://youtu.be/AFV7HA7P4Ps
🔴 Watch next –
✅ Let's connect:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historyroadshow/
Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historyroadshow
✅ For business inquiries, email address on the About Page
Thank you for watching! Please like, comment and follow to stay updated on future videos.
#scandal #aristocracy #historyroadshow
Please sign Lady Colin Campbell's Petition inviting Prince Harry to ask The Queen to put his titles & royal status into abeyance. https://www.change.org/p/the-p...
Claire Foy and Paul Bettany, who portray the Duke and Duchess of Argyll in “A Very British Scandal,” explain the story behind the royal divorce that made headli...
Claire Foy and Paul Bettany, who portray the Duke and Duchess of Argyll in “A Very British Scandal,” explain the story behind the royal divorce that made headlines and rocked the British press.
» Subscribe to TODAY: http://on.today.com/SubscribeToTODAY
» Watch the latest from TODAY: http://bit.ly/LatestTODAY
About: TODAY brings you the latest headlines and expert tips on money, health and parenting. We wake up every morning to give you and your family all you need to start your day. If it matters to you, it matters to us. We are in the people business. Subscribe to our channel for exclusive TODAY archival footage & our original web series.
Connect with TODAY Online!
Visit TODAY's Website: http://on.today.com/ReadTODAY
Find TODAY on Facebook: http://on.today.com/LikeTODAY
Follow TODAY on Twitter: http://on.today.com/FollowTODAY
Follow TODAY on Instagram: http://on.today.com/InstaTODAY
#British #Argyll #Celebrity
Claire Foy and Paul Bettany, who portray the Duke and Duchess of Argyll in “A Very British Scandal,” explain the story behind the royal divorce that made headlines and rocked the British press.
» Subscribe to TODAY: http://on.today.com/SubscribeToTODAY
» Watch the latest from TODAY: http://bit.ly/LatestTODAY
About: TODAY brings you the latest headlines and expert tips on money, health and parenting. We wake up every morning to give you and your family all you need to start your day. If it matters to you, it matters to us. We are in the people business. Subscribe to our channel for exclusive TODAY archival footage & our original web series.
Connect with TODAY Online!
Visit TODAY's Website: http://on.today.com/ReadTODAY
Find TODAY on Facebook: http://on.today.com/LikeTODAY
Follow TODAY on Twitter: http://on.today.com/FollowTODAY
Follow TODAY on Instagram: http://on.today.com/InstaTODAY
#British #Argyll #Celebrity
Ian Douglas Campbell, 11th and 4th Duke of Argyll was a Scottish peer. He is chiefly remembered for his unhappy marriage to, and scandalous 1963 divorce from, ...
Ian Douglas Campbell, 11th and 4th Duke of Argyll was a Scottish peer. He is chiefly remembered for his unhappy marriage to, and scandalous 1963 divorce from, Margaret Whigham.
Ian Douglas Campbell, 11th and 4th Duke of Argyll was a Scottish peer. He is chiefly remembered for his unhappy marriage to, and scandalous 1963 divorce from, Margaret Whigham.
Part 1:
'Good Afternoon' Presenter speaks to Margaret Campbell, Duchess of Argyll about her early life and what it was like being presented to Court and her Mar...
Part 1:
'Good Afternoon' Presenter speaks to Margaret Campbell, Duchess of Argyll about her early life and what it was like being presented to Court and her Marriage to the 11th Duke of Argyll.
First shown: 05/11/1975
If you would like to license a clip from this video please e mail: [email protected]
Quote: VT101091
Part 1:
'Good Afternoon' Presenter speaks to Margaret Campbell, Duchess of Argyll about her early life and what it was like being presented to Court and her Marriage to the 11th Duke of Argyll.
First shown: 05/11/1975
If you would like to license a clip from this video please e mail: [email protected]
Quote: VT101091
In the movie "Rob Roy", the Marquis Montrose hustles the Duke of Argyll for 100 Scottish Guineas (actually, he got 200 on the odds). Tim Roth at one of his finest.
I’m going to be exploring the background to the scandalous divorce of the Duke and Duchess of Argyll in 1963. The Judge described the Duchess as “wholly immoral” but could her promiscuity have been the result of a head injury from falling down a lift shaft?
I will be describing the Duchess’ early life and first marriage and the scandalous divorce case from her second husband, with contemporary photographs and film extracts, and images from the 2021 BBC biopic and Powder her Face, an operatic version of the story.
Learn what the Duchess was accused of that led the judge to describe her as having a “debased sexual appetite” and how her behaviour could have been caused by a traumatic brain injury.
I hope you enjoy the video - and if you do please like or comment and subscribe to get notifications of new videos as they are posted.
Video produced by Professor Graeme Yorston and Tom Yorston.
Copyright Disclaimer:
The primary purpose of this video is educational. I have tried to use material in the public domain or with Creative Commons Non-attribution licences wherever possible. Where attribution is required, I have listed this at the end of the video. I believe that any copyright material used falls under the remit of Fair Use, but if any content owners would like to dispute this, I will not hesitate to immediately remove that content. It is not my intention to infringe on content ownership in any way. If you happen to find your art or images in the video, please let me know and I will be glad to credit you.
Royal Scandal - Katharine Kent - Secret Life of a Duchess - British Documentary
▶▶▶ Please subscribe my channel and see more videos in HERE: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCO8z8leeDCqhC35-xIJl2Fg
Thanks for watching our video!!!
#Royals #Palace
Margaret Campbell, Duchess of Argyll, was a British socialite known for beauty and scandalous divorce.
👉🏻 Want to see more 20th Century Women? If so click here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SsY5HkGNd7k&list=PL6NbTv5j5o_fmL84Mniw3ArPrpymNf3ro
💯Join History Roadshow to access perks from only £2.99 a month.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7ck57KsmiCqKJ2vbSRwioA/join
🔴 Subscribe for more great History videos: https://bit.ly/3aOAre2
🔴 Share this video with a friend: https://youtu.be/AFV7HA7P4Ps
🔴 Watch next –
✅ Let's connect:
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historyroadshow/
Threads: https://www.threads.net/@historyroadshow
✅ For business inquiries, email address on the About Page
Thank you for watching! Please like, comment and follow to stay updated on future videos.
#scandal #aristocracy #historyroadshow
Claire Foy and Paul Bettany, who portray the Duke and Duchess of Argyll in “A Very British Scandal,” explain the story behind the royal divorce that made headlines and rocked the British press.
» Subscribe to TODAY: http://on.today.com/SubscribeToTODAY
» Watch the latest from TODAY: http://bit.ly/LatestTODAY
About: TODAY brings you the latest headlines and expert tips on money, health and parenting. We wake up every morning to give you and your family all you need to start your day. If it matters to you, it matters to us. We are in the people business. Subscribe to our channel for exclusive TODAY archival footage & our original web series.
Connect with TODAY Online!
Visit TODAY's Website: http://on.today.com/ReadTODAY
Find TODAY on Facebook: http://on.today.com/LikeTODAY
Follow TODAY on Twitter: http://on.today.com/FollowTODAY
Follow TODAY on Instagram: http://on.today.com/InstaTODAY
#British #Argyll #Celebrity
Ian Douglas Campbell, 11th and 4th Duke of Argyll was a Scottish peer. He is chiefly remembered for his unhappy marriage to, and scandalous 1963 divorce from, Margaret Whigham.
Part 1:
'Good Afternoon' Presenter speaks to Margaret Campbell, Duchess of Argyll about her early life and what it was like being presented to Court and her Marriage to the 11th Duke of Argyll.
First shown: 05/11/1975
If you would like to license a clip from this video please e mail: [email protected]
Quote: VT101091
Duke of Argyll (Scottish Gaelic:Diùc Earra-Ghàidheil) is a title, created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1701 and in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1892. The Earls, Marquesses, and Dukes of Argyll were for several centuries among the most powerful, if not the most powerful, noble families in Scotland. As such, they played a major role in Scottish history throughout the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. The current Duke is Torquhil, the 13th man to hold the title.
History
Sir Colin Campbell of Lochow was knighted in 1280. In 1445 James II of Scotland raised Sir Colin's descendant Sir Duncan Campbell to the peerage to become Duncan Campbell of Lochow, Lord of Argyll, Knight, 1st Lord Campbell. Colin Campbell (c. 1433–1493) succeeded his grandfather as the 2nd Lord Campbell in 1453 and was created Earl of Argyll in 1457.
The 8th Earl of Argyll was created a marquess in 1641, when Charles I visited Scotland and attempted to quell the rising political crisis (and the fall-out from the event known as The Incident). With Oliver Cromwell's victory in England, the marquess became the effective ruler of Scotland. Upon the restoration, the marquess offered his services to King Charles II but was charged with treason and executed in 1661. His lands and titles were forfeited but were restored to his son in 1663, Archibald, who became the 9th Earl of Argyll. In 1685 the 9th Earl was executed for his part in the Monmouth rebellion.
APPRENTICE SONG by Ian Campbell Come on lad and bring your tool bag Keep your eyes peeled, use your head Fetch your footprints, spanners, chisels From now on they'll earn your bread Keep your eyes on the older fitters They're the boys who know their stuff One day you will do their job If you're smart and keen enough Come on boy and take your place Among the men who serve the trade Scalers, cokers, valvesmen, stokers This is where the gas is made Keep your eye on old Fairweather Mind your gauge, you're on the town Turn her out bang on four fifty Or else you'll let the housewife down Wake up, son, and mind your setting B-range is the one to watch Number three is due for scaling See she don't get too much ash Mind your eye with that red hot poker Read your heat and see she's right Leave your range in decent order For the lads on shift tonight recorded by Ian Campbell Folk Group filename[ APPREN play.exe APPREN SF ===DOCUMENT BOUNDARY===